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Antimicrobial Activity Of Copper Alone Or In Combination With Lactic Acid On The Growth Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Laboratory Medium And On The Surface Of Lettuce And Tomatoes, Rabin Gyawali

Theses

In recent years, Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been a major foodborne pathogen associated with fresh produce. Many outbreaks of foodborne illnesses have raised concerns in the microbial safety of fresh produce. Several different treatment solutions are being used to decontaminate fresh produce, but still it is very difficult to guarantee the microbiological safety. Therefore, the development of effective treatment for reducing E. coli O157:H7 on fresh produce is needed. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of copper alone or in combination with lactic acid on the survival and growth of E. coli O157:H7 in laboratory medium …

Comparative Studies On The Sensitivity Of Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) And Microscopic Examination For The Detection Of Trypanosoma Evansi In Horses, M.A. Muieed, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry, A. R. Shakoori

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The lack of reliable diagnostic methods is a setback in the effective control of diseases. Diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) in livestock is of considerable economic importance. Detection of trypanosomes in blood has been the "gold standard"; however, finding the organisms or establishing patency of parasitaemia has not always been possible even in symptomatic infections. As a consequence of low dose infection, the pre-patent period in Trypanosoma evansi may be longer and, even when symptoms have developed, trypanosomes may still not be demonstrable in blood, thus delaying treatment and thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Trypanosoma evansi, a protozoan parasite …

A Critical Review Of Gender Issues In Understanding Prolonged Disability Related To Musculoskeletal Pain: How Are They Relevant To Rehabilitation?, Daniel Côté, Marie-France Coutu

Revues de littérature, synthèses de connaissances

No abstract provided.

Social Interaction In Pain: Reinforcing Pain Behaviours Or Building Intimacy?, Annmarie Cano, A. C. De C. Williams

Psychology Faculty Research Publications

To date, pain research has focused almost exclusively on operant models to interpret the function and predict the consequences of pain-related interaction in chronic pain couples. However, evidence suggests that intimacy models of interaction may provide additional and alternative explanations for pain interaction. Specifically, intimacy models conceptualize verbal complaints about pain-related distress as emotional disclosure, which the partner may validate or invalidate. This review compares and contrasts models of pain-related interaction in chronic pain couples, describes limitations of the existing research, and offers directions for future research drawing upon a social support framework.

Effect Of Exogenous Leptin On Thrombotic And Metabolic Profiles Of Fvb/B6 Lipodystrophic Mice, Hoda Chaouki Kadouh

Wayne State University Theses

Lipodystrophy caused by fat deficiency contributes to metabolic disease for which several treatment modalities have been implemented, with leptin therapy being the most effective to date. In addition to playing a role in energy homeostasis and metabolism, leptin was also shown to play a pro-thrombotic role in mice. This role was not examined in fatless mice, neither was thrombosis measured. The AZIP/F-1 (FVB) lipodystrophic mouse appeared to have a prolonged arterial occlusion time (p〈0.05) in a trial done in our lab, with clotting factors being normal. The present study was designed to observe the thrombotic and metabolic characteristics of fatless …

Characterizing The Controlled Release Of Glial Cell-Line Derived (Gdnf) Neurotrophic Factor From Encapsulated Schwann Cells, Kristy Broadrick

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

CHARACTERIZING THE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF GDNF IN SCHWANN CELLS

by

KRISTY BROADRICK

May 2010

Advisor: Dr. Pamela VandeVord

Major: Biomedical Engineering

Degree: Masters of Science

Controlled expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can be integrated in the development of a system for repair of injured peripheral nerves. This delivery strategy was demonstrated via inducible GDNF from microencapsulated cells in barium alginate. The Schwann cell line RT4-D6P2T was initially modified utilizing an ecdysone-based stable transfection system to produce RT4-GDNF cells. During construct preparation, it was found that C6 cells (where GDNF cDNA was isolated) make three GDNF …

Does Disinhibition Mediate Alcohol Use And Risk Taking?, Brian J. Klassen

Wayne State University Theses

The relationship between alcohol use and risk-taking is well-documented in the psychological literature. Although this area has attracted an enormous amount of research and interest, the mechanisms that underlie this relationship are not well understood. A model whereby executive functioning (disinhibition, specifically) mediated the relationship between alcohol use and risk-taking/impulsivity was proposed and tested. Although alcohol use and self-reported impulsivity were related on a number of different measures, alcohol use was largely not related to disinhibition, nor was disinhibition related to impulsivity/risk-taking. Therefore, full-fledged tests of mediation could not be performed. Study limitations and directions for future research were also …

The Role Of Mitochondria In The Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect In Human Lymphoblastoid Cells, Sountharia Rajendran

Wayne State University Theses

This work evaluated the radiation-induced bystander effect in mitochondrial mutant cells and in normal cells treated with mitochondrial inhibitors. Although much research has been performed on the bystander effect, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Cells without intact mitochondrial DNA have been shown to lack the bystander effect, which is an energy-dependent process. Based on these findings, cells harboring mutations in the mitochondrial genes responsible for ATP synthesis, and normal cells treated with mitochondrial inhibitors, were hypothesized to show a decreased bystander effect when compared to normal cells that were not treated with the mitochondrial inhibitors.

Radiation-induced bystander effects …

The Contribution Of Genes And Hormones To The Sexual Differention Of The Zebra Finch Song System, Jessica Bayley Thompson

Wayne State University Theses

Recent studies in the zebra finch suggest the sexual differentiation of the song system and singing behavior may not be solely driven by steroid hormones organizing the brain, and may be genetically driven. In fact, genes and hormones might act together to produce sexual differentiation of the brain. To test this hypothesis, animals were implanted with a 1mm pellet containing 50ug of 17b-estradiol or a blank pellet on the third day post-hatching. At post-hatch day 25, the brains were collected and a double label fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol using biotin and digoxigenin-tagged mRNA probes was used to simultaneously label …

Interstate Water Compacts And Climate Change Adaptation, Noah D. Hall

Law Faculty Research Publications

Over 95% of the available surface freshwater resources in the United States are interstate in nature and governed by interstate water compacts. These interstate compacts vary tremendously in how they allocate and manage interstate waters. Until recently, the water resources governed by interstate compacts have been relatively stable and unaffected by drastic changes in long-term weather patterns. However, within the next few decades North America is expected to experience increased regional variability in precipitation and susceptibility to drought. This article first looks at these expected changes on a macro and regional level to evaluate the increased stress on water resources …

Investigating The Metal Binding Sites In Znta, A Zinc Transporting Atpase, Sandhya Muralidharan

Wayne State University Dissertations

ZntA from Escherichia coli is a member of the P_IBtype ATPase family of transporters. The P_IB-type ATPase pumps maintain cellular homeostasis of heavy metals such as Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cu⁺, and mediate resistance to toxic metals such as Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Ag⁺. ZntA confers resistance to Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Zn²⁺ by pumping these ions out of the cytoplasm. ZntA has two metal binding sites, one in the hydrophilic N-terminal domain and the other in the transmembrane region. The …

Towards An Understanding Of The Etiology Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Identification Of Genes Implicated In Aaa Risk And Development, John Hunt Lillvis

Wayne State University Dissertations

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease for which mechanisms of formation are still not well understood. Despite a strong genetic component to AAA risk, specific risk alleles are still largely unidentified. AAA is also a localized disease with a majority occurring in the infrarenal abdominal aorta and is six times more common than aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. To determine whether risk alleles are present in functional positional candidate genes. we: 1. performed a genetic association study using DNA from AAA cases and controls in ten candidate genes and 2. performed exon sequencing on three genes with evidence …

Anxiety In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Examination Of Reporting Trends Among Children, Parents, And Teachers, Cathryn A. Lehman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in reciprocal social skills, abnormal language development, and/or a restricted repertoire of behaviors and interests. Among individuals with ASDs, up to 84 percent are thought to have comorbid anxiety diagnoses, which can result in decreased social, emotional, behavioral, academic, and/or adaptive functioning. While differential diagnosis is necessary in order to create symptom-specific treatment protocols to address anxious symptoms, diagnostic decisions can be difficult for clinicians to make due to the common reliance on self-, parent- and teacher-report measures for collecting data. Based on theory, problems arise because deficits in the individual with …

The Rhetoric Of Transitional Justice: Negotiating The Years Of Lead In Morocco, Fadoua Loudiy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Transitional justice refers to the variety of rhetorical practices and discourses (restorative and retributive) that nations engage in during the aftermath of state criminality. While examples of mass political violence abound, this inquiry focuses on the Moroccan experience of coming to terms with the Years of Lead where financial reparations have been the primary mode of redress for victims. The philosophy of Paul Ricoeur contributes to a praxis-oriented understanding of transitional justice. This work advances a rhetoric of symbolic justice that privileges the public memory of victims. Symbolic justice offers hope for the renewal of the community's ethos through public …

Assessing The Learning Needs Of South Carolina Nurses By Exploring Their Perceived Knowledge Of Emergency Preparedness, Anne Elizabeth Mckibbin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Problem: Nurses are first responders to natural or man made disasters and increasing awareness of the central role nurses play in disaster response may prompt nurses to sharpen existing skills and develop new skills needed to competently respond to disaster events.

Purpose: To assess South Carolina nurses' learning needs by exploring their perceived knowledge of emergency preparedness in order to gain a better understanding of nurses' emergency preparedness learning needs and prioritize training efforts based on these needs.

Design and Methods: Boone's Programming Model's concept of planning provided the framework for this study which utilized a descriptive correlational design. The …

Discovering The Healthcare Beliefs And Practices Of Rural Mestizo Ecuadorians: An Ethnonursing Study, Julie A. Moss

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose

This qualitative ethnonursing study was to discover and understand the role of the nurse, healthcare beliefs and practices of rural mestizo Ecuadorians. Discovering these beliefs and practices will enable nurses and other healthcare workers to provide care that is acceptable, congruent in culture and health promoting.

Background

The current literature regarding Ecuadorian health practices has been limited to the study of indigenous Americo-Indian groups living in Ecuador. No studies have been conducted in the mestizo rural setting.

Research Design

An ethnonursing method developed by Leininger was used to guide this study which took place in Tosagua, Ecuador.

Conclusions and …

Effect Of Melatonin On Differentiation Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells And A Study On C-Terminal Domains Of Mt1 And Mt2 Melatonin Receptors, Shalini Sethi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Melatonin has been reported to enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts. The purpose of this study was to determine the melatonin treatment that would differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) into osteoblasts. A 21 d continuous melatonin treatment significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the deposition of calcium in hAMSCs. These effects were inhibited by MT2 specific antagonist- 4P-PDOT. The time periods of melatonin treatment that increased the expression of osteogenic genes indicated both a sensitized and desensitized receptors with respect to cAMP signaling, signifying two distinct mechanisms of melatonin's action. Unlike the parathyroid hormone which is administered in …

Family Cap Programs: The Future Of Pennsylvania Welfare Reform, Robin Barngrover

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Welfare reform has been a highly debated topic since before the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) and continues to be at the forefront of many policy makers' agendas. Although significant positive changes have occurred in welfare policy since PRWORA's adoption, welfare costs remain unwieldy. This study aims to review the controversial family cap program, already implemented in various states, to determine if it would be a beneficial step to reducing Pennsylvania welfare costs. The following consists of a discussion of previous national and state-level family cap research in order to determine a framework for the economic, …

Exploration Of Trpv1 Splice Variant Expression In Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Following Sciatic Nerve Injury, Karl A. Andersen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is ligand-gated ion channel that plays an important role in the pain signaling pathway. It is predominantly expressed by sensory neurons located in trigeminal ganglia or dorsal root ganglia (DRG). TRPV1 has been shown to play a crucial role in the generation and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The involvement of splice variants of TRPV1 in pain pathways is not well known. In this study, the mRNA expression of TRPV1 and 3 splice variants (TRPV1.b, TRPV1.β, and TRPV1.var) in DRG was measured following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. This …

Kinetic And Thermodynamic Studies Of Copper-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Processes In The Presence Of Free-Radical Diazo Initiators As Reducing Agents, Marielle Nicole Cajita Balili

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The first part of this dissertation focuses on the kinetic aspects of atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) in the presence of reducing agents. The rate of alkene consumption was found to be dependent on the initial concentration of the radical initiator and its decomposition and termination rate constants but not on the concentrations of CuI and CuII, which was contrary to the rate law for copper-catalyzed ATRA in the absence of a reducing agent. Kinetic experiments showed that the observed rate of ATRA (kobs) was indeed not dependent on the concentration of the catalyst, which supported the newly derived rate …

Sex, Entrepreneurship, And Benefits: The Role Of Small Business Owners In Promoting Gender Equity In The Workplace Through Benefits Offerings, Iris Winter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether the sex of a business owner influences the benefits offered by a given business. Specifically, are female-owned businesses more likely than male-owned firms to have family-friendly employment benefits in place? My hypothesis is that there is a relationship between the sex of a business owner and the benefits that are available and offered to the employees of that firm. I use a sample drawn from the Kauffman Firm Survey Third Follow-Up that includes independently-started businesses with 5-29 employees and 1-2 owners that have been in business for 4 years. I analyze …

Synthesis Of Bicyclic Pyrrolo[2,3-D]Pyrimidines, And Tricyclic Indeno[2,1-D]/[1,2-D]Pyrimidines As Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Rtk) Inhibitors And Antimitotic Agents, Ying Zhao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The dissertation will give an introduction, background and our research progress in the areas of receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors and antimitosis inhibitors. The design and syntheses of bicyclic pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, and tricyclic indeno[2,1-d]- and [1,2-d]pyrimidines as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and bicyclic pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, and tricyclic indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidines as antimitotic inhibitors have been described. As a part of this study, a total of two hundred and eleven new compounds have been synthesized and characterized. Of these, ninety five final compounds were submitted for biological evaluation.

Photodissociation Dynamics In Titan's Atmosphere, Welvidanalage Ruchira Silva

Wayne State University Dissertations

Photodissociation dynamics of molecules relevant to understanding Titan's atmosphere (diacetylene, cyanoacetylene and heptane isomers) are carried out under collisionless condition using the DC slice imaging technique. In diacetylene photodissociation, two-photon processes dominate at 243 nm and 212 nm whereas at 121.6 nm, a one-photon dissociation process dominates. Direct measurement of the lifetime of metastable triplet diacetylene confirms sub-microsecond lifetimes. Photodissociation of cyanoacetylene at 193.3 nm proceeds on the S1 potential energy surface with an exit barrier. In heptane photodissociation, the dissociation occurs on the ground state or low-lying triplet states with nonradiative electronic relaxation. Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy studies in this …

Molecular Modeling Of Energetic Materials And Chemical Warfare Agents, Nandhini Sokkalingam

Wayne State University Dissertations

Contamination of military sites by energetic materials and chemical warfare agents is a growing problem. To avoid health hazards associated with these compounds, it is necessary to decontaminate or remediate the contaminated sites. Effective decontamination requires knowledge of environmental fate of contaminants and the appropriate remediation methodologies. While the fate of chemical warfare agents are well studied, the impact of certain energetic materials in the environment is relatively unknown. So the current focus is determining environmental fate of Insensitive Munitions (IM) which are energetic materials that have low shock sensitivity and high thermal stability and developing detection schemes for identifying …

Seeking Common Ground: A Secular Statement, Bruce Ledewitz

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

It is clear that there is a crisis today in the interpretation of the Establishment Clause. Not only do we not know what the Clause means, we do not even have clear opposing constitutional visions. At the same time, we have today a related crisis in American political life between religious believers and nonbelievers over the proper place of religion in politics. Finally, we have today in the West, a crisis of social morals as older religious certainties fade and secularism drifts dangerously close to nihilism. In my view, all of these issues are related. The answer to all three …

Total Synthesis Of 2-Aminoimidazole Alkaloids From Leucetta And Clathrina Sponges, Panduka B. Koswatta

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Sponges of the major class, Calcarea can be found in nearly all marine habitats. Two Calcarea genera, Leucetta and Clathrina have found be rich with 2-aminoimidazole alkaloids. The first alkaloid of these groups was isolated in 1987 from a bright yellow sponge of the class Calcispongiae (calcarea) and Leucetta chagosensis dendy (Leucetta) collected near Na'ama in the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba) in the Red Sea. The nomenclature for this whole series of compounds is based on the location of the initial source material. The first Chapter describes the isolation, biological activities, possible biosyntheses and total synthesis of these alkaloids. The …

Comparative Law: Problems And Prospects, Elisabeth Zoller, George A. Bermann, Patrick Glenn, Kim Lane Scheppele, Amr Shalakany, David V, Snyder

Articles by Maurer Faculty

This is an edited transcript of the closing plenary session of the XVIIIth International Congress of Comparative Law. The session took place on Saturday, July 31, 2010, in Washington, D.C., at the conclusion of the week-long congress, which is held quadrennially by the International Academy of Comparative Law (Acadimie Internationale de Droit Compare). The remarks were given in a mix of French and English, but for ease of reading the transcript is almost entirely in English.

Regulation Of Vcam-1 Expression By Tgfβ2 During The Formation Of The Epicardium, Margaret Elizabeth Grant Burton

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The normal formation of the epicardium, the outer cell layer of the heart, is critical for subsequent development of the heart to proceed normally. Abnormalities in the epicardium lead to cardiac defects as shown in mice deficient in retinoid X receptor α (RXRα-/-), a model of congenital heart disease that exhibits many cardiac malformations including epicardial defects. The RXRα-/- epicardium is slower to form and once formed, it detaches from the myocardium. Previously an elevation of transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) has been observed in RXRα-/- hearts at midgestation and an alteration in vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was …

The Role Of Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Biglycan And Fibromodulin, In Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis, Mildred Christine Embree

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a degenerative joint disease, which ultimately results in severe pain, permanent cartilage destruction, and TMJ dysfunction. The extracellular matrix (ECM) micro-environment is critical for maintaining the TMJ mandibular condylar cartilage tissue integrity and is important for regulating chondrocyte activity. The small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a family of ECM proteins that are highly expressed in cartilage and bone. The goals of this study were to determine the role of two members of the SLRP family, biglycan (Bgn) and fibromodulin (Fmod), in the development of TMJ OA pathology and to identify the early cellular …

Annual Survey Of Periodical Literature, Nancy Ver Steegh

Faculty Scholarship

The Annual Review of Periodical Literature provides a sampling of law review articles published between November 1, 2008, and October 31, 2009. The survey highlights the variety and depth of family law scholarship produced during the year and calls attention to currently debated "hot topics." Readers are encouraged to read articles of interest in their entirety because the summaries included in the survey are necessarily abbreviated.