Digital Commons Network^™

Focus, 2010, Fall, Andrews University

Focus

FOCUS (ISSN 1077-9345) is published quarterly, free of charge, for alumni and friends of Andrews University, an institution owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Spirituality, Religiosity, And Weight Management In Black Women, Shené L. Bowie

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background

Obesity is a major concern in the United States and Black Americans are among those with the highest rates of overweight, obesity, and related co- morbidities. While weight loss among Black women has been studied within the context of a faith-based setting, there is little information about the relationship between spirituality, or relationship with the transcendent, and self-efficacy in the achievement and maintenance of a healthy weight.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among spirituality, self-efficacy for physical activity and healthy eating, and body composition measures among Black women over the period of participation …

Clinical And Diagnostic Features Of Patients With Compound Heterozygous A467t/W748s Polg1 Mutations: A Case Report And Review Of Previous Cases, David Roshal, D.O., Andro Zangaladze, Md, Phd

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Introduction

Mutations in the POLG1 gene are considered to be the most common gene defect identified in autosomal recessive mitochondrial DNA depletion disorders. POLG1 is a gene encoding the 195kDa catalytic (alpha) subunit of the mitochondrial (gamma) DNA polymerase, located on chromosome 15q25 and is responsible for mtDNA replication. Mutations in POLG1 are associated with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). Other genes that have been implicated in causing syndromic and non-syndromic mitochondrial disorders have been found on both mtDNA (3243A>G, 8344A>G, 8993T>G, and 11778A>G) and nDNA (SURF1, POLG1, TWINKLE, and ANT1).

We report a patient with …

Pedometer Assessed Physical Activity Levels Of Adolescents In A Selected School In Manila, Consuelo B. Gonzalez-Suarez, Andrea Marie Pera, Maria Vianca J. Medalla, Hernani John R. Lopez Jr., Xavier Evangelio Villanueva, Alvin Atlas

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

An active lifestyle among children and adolescents plays an important role in their normal growth and development. However, studies from different countries have shown a decreasing participation of children in physical activity. In the Philippines, very little is known of adolescent’s involvement in physical activity. Objective: To determine the physical activity (PA) levels using pedometers of the adolescents in Metromanila and factors associated with the level of physical activity. Method: This study is a cross sectional study assessing physical activity patterns using the Yamax Pedometer (SW-200) of adolescents in a selected school in Metromanila. Results: A total of 90 males …

Pathways Regulating Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Activation And Eicosanoid Production In Macrophages By Candida Albicans, Saritha Suram, Todd A. Gangelhoff, Philip R. Taylor, Marcela Rosas, Gordon D. Brown, Joseph V. Bonventre, Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, David L. Williams, Robert C. Murphy, Christina C. Leslie

ETSU Faculty Works

Resident tissue macrophages are activated by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans to release eicosanoids, which are important modulators of inflammation and immune responses. Our objective was to identify the macrophage receptors engaged by C. albicans that mediate activation of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α), a regulatory enzyme that releases arachidonic acid (AA) for production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. A comparison of peritoneal macrophages from wild type and knock-out mice demonstrates that the β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 and MyD88 regulate early release of AA and eicosanoids in response to C. albicans. However, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression and later phase eicosanoid production …

Power Spectrum Analyses Of Nuclear Decay Rates, D. Javorsek, P. A. Sturrock, R. N. Lasenby, A. N. Lasenby, J. B. Buncher, E. Fischbach, J. T. Gruenwald, A. W. Hoft, T. J. Horan, J. H. Jenkins, J. L. Kerford, R. H. Lee, A. Longman, J. J. Mattes, B. L. Morreale, D. B. Morris, R. N. Mudry, J. R. Newport, D. O'Keefe, M. A. Petrelli, M. A. Silver, C. A. Stewart, B. Terry

Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We provide the results from a spectral analysis of nuclear decay data displaying annually varying periodic fluctuations. The analyzed data were obtained from three distinct data sets: Si-32 and (CI)-C-36 decays reported by an experiment performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Mn-56 decay reported by the Children's Nutrition Research Center (CNRC), but also performed at BNL, and Ra-226 decay reported by an experiment performed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany. All three data sets exhibit the same primary frequency mode consisting of an annual period. Additional spectral comparisons of the data to local ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative …

A Novel Piezoelectric Device With Dual Functions Of Studying Biological Soft Tissues, Avin A. Jamadagni

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This thesis presents the design of a novel piezoelectric device with dual functions of studying soft biological tissues. The device consists of a central circular plate and a set of flexural beams. The flexural beams are partially covered with piezoelectric film for integrated transduction. It can function as a force sensor for measuring the mechanical behavior of a tissue sample and a load applier for mimicking physiological loads experienced by the tissue sample in vivo, while the mechanical behavior can be visually observed under a microscope simultaneously. By combining the classic theories in solid mechanics and piezoelectricity, the performance of …

Phosphorus Uptake In Rhodomonas Salina (Wislouch) And Its Effect On Allocation And Elimination In Acartia Tonsa (Dana), Danna Palladino

OES Theses and Dissertations

Phosphorus is a key element in important biochemical compounds, such as RNA and phospholipids, and can become limiting in a variety of marine systems. The uptake of phosphorus into biochemical fractions (protein, low molecular weight (LMW) compounds, lipid, polysaccharide and nucleic acid) in Acartia tonsa fed ³³P -labeled Rhodomonas salina was examined. R. salina was cultured on two variations of one media that in one case contained phosphorus in balance and the other out of balance with relation to other standard f/2 components. The P-balanced (PB) media had a N:P ratio of 24.5, which is higher than that found …

Using A Market Segmentation Approach To Better Target Agricultural Extension Programs—Aligning Learner Needs With Learning Programs, Margaret Brown, Denise Bewsell

Journal of Extension

Agricultural Extension has traditionally been based on the assumption that farmers' have similar learning needs and styles, whatever the subject matter. In this article we argue that undertaking market segmentation can greatly enhance the value of the Extension program by better aligning participant needs with program objectives and delivery modes. We outline a case study from New Zealand where market segmentation was used to inform the design of an Extension program for sheep and beef farmers on feed planning. A series of four differentiated workshops were developed. Early evaluation indicates that this approach is well received by farmers.

Community Leaders' Knowledge And Perceptions About Obesity: Implications For Outreach Educators In Designing Interventions, Norma L. Dawkins, Tryan Mcmickens, Henry J. Findlay, Ralphenia D. Pace

Journal of Extension

The study reported here examined the knowledge and perceptions of community leaders on overweight and obesity in two racially different counties. Data were collected from 126 individuals, including clergy, physicians, grocery store managers, school administrators, nurses, nutritionists, and university faculty and staff. Statistically significant differences were observed when community leaders were grouped according to race. Additionally, over 90% of community leaders were knowledgeable about obesity. Leaders associated obesity with high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease. This article provides insights that can be useful for planning and implementing programs on obesity prevention and reduction.

Ready-To-Go Exhibits Expand Consumer Food Safety Knowledge And Action, Sandra M. Mccurdy, Shelly Johnson, Carol Hampton, Joey Peutz, Laura Sant, Grace Wittman

Journal of Extension

Ready-to-go, interactive food safety exhibits were developed to allow Extension Educators the opportunity to communicate the magnitude of food safety risk and to prevent foodborne illness. Four food safety topics were chosen: 1) At‐Risk Groups, 2) Preserving Food, 3) Food Thermometers, 4) Kitchen Safety for Kids. Data collected showed an increase in food safety knowledge and planned behavior change.

Team Development And Beyond, Mary P. Wilson, Jamie A. Benedict, Gwenn Snow, Mike Havercamp

Journal of Extension

Team development and leadership remain important roles for Extension. This article demonstrates how Tuckman's model for small group development can be used to examine the evolution of teams retrospectively for the purpose of improving future practice. Our experience leading Nevada's Nutrition Network serves as the example. Critical points in the evolution of this team are identified and alternative actions are cited.

Book Reviews

East Texas Historical Journal

No abstract provided.

Back To Basics – Interdisciplinary Collaboration On Skin Care Impacts Network-Wide Practice., Susan Gross Bsn, Rn, Tracey Silfies Bsn, Rn, Cmsrn

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

The Human Oral Microbiome, Floyd E. Dewhirst, Tuste Chen, Jacques Izard, Bruce J. Paster, Anne C. R. Tanner, Wen-Han Yu, Abirami Lakshmanan, William G. Wade

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats, including the teeth, gingival sulcus, tongue, cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tonsils, which are colonized by bacteria. The oral microbiome comprises over 600 prevalent taxa at the species level, with distinct subsets predominating at different habitats. The oral microbiome has been extensively characterized by cultivation and culture-independent molecular methods such as 16S rRNA cloning. Unfortunately, the vast majority of unnamed oral taxa are referenced by clone numbers or 16S rRNA GenBank accession numbers, often without taxonomic anchors. The first aim of this research was to collect 16S rRNA gene …

Refinement Of Biomarker Pentosidine Methodology For Use On Aging Birds, Crissa K. Cooey, Jesse A. Fallon, Michael L. Avery, James T. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Falkenstein, Hillar Klandorf

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

There is no reliable method for determining age for most species of long-lived birds. Recent success using the skin chemical pentosidine as a biomarker has shown promise as an aging tool for birds. Pentosidine levels have been determined only from the breast tissue of carcasses, and we sought to refine the procedure with respect to biopsy size and location for safe and effective use on living birds. We compared pentosidine concentrations in 4 skin-size samples (4, 6, 8, and 20-mm diameter biopsies) from the breast of black vulture (Coragyps atratus) carcasses. We also compared pentosidine levels from breast …

Evaluation Of Rhodamine B As A Biomarker For Raccoons, Tricia L. Fry, Todd C. Atwood, Mike R. Dunbar

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services (WS) oral rabies vaccination program uses tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic and relatively reliable biomarker, to quantify vaccinebait uptake by raccoons (Procyon lotor). However, obtaining samples (e.g., bone or teeth) to assess tetracycline uptake is highly invasive, and sample preparation can be expensive. By contrast, rhodamine B, a commercially available dye, is absorbed systemically in growing tissues, including hair and whiskers, and can be observed under ultraviolet (UV) light as fluorescent orange bands. Our goal was to evaluate whether rhodamine B can be used as a biomarker to monitor bait uptake by raccoons. We began by …

Factors Influencing Long-Term Population Dynamics Of Pronghorn (Antilocapra Americana): Evidence Of An Allee Effect, Justin D. Hoffman, Hugh H. Genoways, Rachel R. Jones

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Populations of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are subjected to multiple forms of density-dependent and density-independent regulation. Little is known about the combined effects of these variables across multiple populations throughout the landscape. The objectives of this study were to examine long-term trends in density and recruitment in pronghorn and to assess how different forms of regulation influence these trends. We used multiple density-dependent and density-independent explanatory variables in a model selection process to explain variation in pronghorn density and July fawn : doe ratios from 1955 to 1993 in 4 pronghorn management units in Nebraska. We also investigated levels …

Assessment Of The Relationship Of Vitamin D With Serum Antioxidant Vitamins E And A And Their Deficiencies In Iranian Pregnant Women, Zatollah Asemi, Mohsen Taghizadeh, Shadi Sarahroodi, Shima Jazayeri, Zohreh Tabasi, Fariba Seyyedi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between vitamin D and serum antioxidant vitamins E and A, and their deficiencies in pregnant women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the maternity clinic of Naghavi Specialists and Subspecialities Polyclinic, affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan, Iran between April 2008 and August 2009. One hundred and forty-seven pregnant women were recruited. Vitamin D, A, and E status were assessed using serum at 5-9 months of pregnancy. The prevalence of vitamin deficiency was reported using defined cutoff values. Correlations between vitamin D and vitamins A and E were reported. Data were …

Association Between Glucose Variability And Adverse In-Hospital Outcomes For Chinese Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome, Xue-Lian Zhang, Ju-Ming Lu, Guang-Liang Shan, Zhao-Jun Yang, Wen-Ying Yang

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between mean blood glucose (MBG) and glucose variability (GV) during hospitalization, and adverse in-hospital outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study and conducted in 2 tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China. All data were collected from the medical records concerning ACS patients admitted to the hospital between January 2003 to December 2006. Hyperglycemia was related to clinical outcomes (including major adverse cardiovascular events [MACEs] and in-hospital death) using coefficient of variation of blood glucose (GluCV) or mean blood glucose (MBG). Total cohort was stratified by GluCV or MBG …

Mood Problems Of Mothers With Disabled Children In Saudi Arabia. A Preliminary Prospective Study, Muwafak H. Al-Eithan, Asirvatham A. Robert, Aman H. Al-Saeed

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To explore the presence and the degree of mood problems in mothers with disabled children. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study during the period of November 2009 to February 2010, in 75 mothers (study group) with physical, mental or sensory disabled children admitted at Sultan Bin Abdul-Aziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and 35 mothers (control group) with healthy children. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure the mood symptoms of mothers. The demographic data of mothers were also collected. RESULTS: The mean age of the children with disability was 4.8±3.3 and healthy children 5.3 ± …

Pregnancy Outcome In Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ahmed Saleh, Halah I. Badroun, Latifa W. Al-Khaldi, Hani M. Khalifa, Maan A. Waggass

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

On The Scope Of A Professional’S Right Of Conscience, David Lefkowitz

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Under what conditions, if any, do medical professionals enjoy a right of conscience? That is, when must a just state accommodate a physician’s, pharmacist’s, or other medical professional’s refusal to provide legally and professionally sanctioned services to which she morally objects; for example, by enacting laws that enable her to do so without fear of losing her job or her professional privileges? Recent assertions by several pharmacists of a right to conscientiously refuse to fill prescriptions for the so-called morning-after pill, and by a California fertility doctor of a right to conscientiously refuse to provide fertility treatment to a lesbian, …

Dissemination Of Outreach Education Programs: In-Person And Computer-Mediated Strategies, Alex Kudryatsev, Marianne E. Krasny, Joseph B. Walther

Journal of Extension

In-person and computer-mediated strategies are used to disseminate Extension programs, but little is known about their relative effectiveness. Using educator surveys, we compared the effectiveness of program dissemination via educator workshops, short presentations, and a DVD in terms of rates and extent of implementation in an urban environmental education program. Workshop participants were more likely to implement programs with youth, although the number of implemented activities did not differ significantly among educator participating in various dissemination strategies.

The Influence Of Parenting Stress On Mealtime Behaviors Of Low-Income African-American Mothers Of Toddlers, Dawn A. Contreras, Mildred A. Horodynski

Journal of Extension

Family stress theory provides a structure to obtain and analyze maternal perceptions of toddler feeding challenges within low-income African-American households. Focus groups, with a total of 20 mothers, were conducted in four counties in a Midwestern state in the United States. The following themes emerged from the data analysis: identification and appraisal of feeding challenges, child temperament, maternal psychological and physical states, and coping behaviors. Study conclusions provide suggestions related to child feeding that Extension educators should consider when offering culturally appropriate mealtime management interventions for African-American parents of young children.

Developing A Science Café Program For Your University Library, Jeanine Marie Scaramozzino, Catherine Trujillo

Library Scholarship

The Science Café is a national movement that attempts to foster community dialog and inquiry on scientific topics in informal venues such as coffee houses, bookstores, restaurants and bars. The California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Robert E. Kennedy Library staff have taken the Science Café model out of bars and cafes and into the university's library. They have created an outreach opportunity as the campus community comes together to share and discuss faculty research, student work, and outside speakers' knowledge. The Science Café programs encourage open, easy-to-understand conversation exploring scientific and interdisciplinary topics in an attempt to build …

Growth Of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Influence Of Protocooperation, Bacteriophage Infection, And Prebiotic Carbohydrates, Caitlin D. Goin

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Lactic acid bacteria are a vital part of the fermented food industry and are the subject of much interest and research. Industry is especially interested in using modern molecular approaches to maintain and improve selected strains; several industrial uses could be improved by closer investigation, namely the protocooperation of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus, the role of CRISPRs in phage resistance, and the utilization of prebiotic carbohydrates. Questions such as what genes and pathways are shared during milk fermentation between S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus, when and what genes are active during bacteriophage infection, and how and where …

The Incompatibility Of Dependence And Development: A Critical Analysis Of International Development Efforts In The Nicaraguan Context, Molly Dunton

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Countries in the Global South have been receiving billions of dollars annually in humanitarian and development aid for the past half-century. But they still remain poor, marginalized, and on the periphery in spite of this massive influx of money into the region. Many would argue that this very aid is in fact working to maintain the economic hierarchies responsible for their poverty. Through the lens of Dependency Theory, I analyze this apparent failure of the International Development Industry in the context of Nicaragua. After researching what was working and what wasn’t in Nicaraguan rural development, I was able to categorize …

Effects Of Experimental Nitrogen Additions On Plant Diversity In An Old-Growth Tropical Forest, Xiankai Lu, Jiangming Mo, Frank S. Gilliam, Guoyi Zhou, Yunting Fang

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Response of plant biodiversity to increased availability of nitrogen (N) has been investigated in temperate and boreal forests, which are typically N-limited, but little is known in tropical forests. We examined the effects of artificial N additions on plant diversity (species richness, density and cover) of the understory layer in an N saturated old-growth tropical forest in southern China to test the following hypothesis: N additions decrease plant diversity in N saturated tropical forests primarily from N-mediated changes in soil properties. Experimental additions of N were administered at the following levels from July 2003 to July 2008: no addition (Control); …

Comparative Study Of Intravenous Insulin Protocols: Paper-Based Versus Computer-Based, Arleen B. Miller

Nursing Masters

Background: Scientific evidence exists to demonstrate that glycemic control produces a positive outcome for critically ill patients by decreasing mortality and morbidity. Results of published research have revealed a reduction of mortality in critically ill patients when serum blood glucose levels are maintained at a level of less than 150mg/dL. Recommendations from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign for treatment of patients in septic shock include use of intravenous insulin therapy to control hyperglycemia via the use of a validated protocol for insulin dose adjustment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether glycemic control (less than 150mg/dL) was attained …