Digital Commons Network^™

The Contextual Impact Of Income Inequality On Social Capital And Adverse Social Outcomes, Jeannie Schiff

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An interdisciplinary approach to policy and governance recognizes that many social welfare problems are interrelated, and policy-makers have long recognized a need to address the root causes of these problems. There is much evidence that income inequality is one of these root causes but research suggesting the effect of income inequality is mediated by social capital has complicated the relationship, as have theories of causality that take different approaches. This study takes an ecological approach to these issues to test the relationship between income inequality, social capital and selected adverse outcomes proposed by the relative income hypothesis. The relative income …

Faculty Publications And Creative Works 2010, Office Of The Vice President For Research

Office of the Vice President for Research

Faculty Publications & Creative Works is an annual compendium of scholarly and creative activities of University of New Mexico faculty during the noted calendar year. It serves to illustrate the robust and active intellectual pursuits conducted by the faculty in support of teaching and research at UNM.

Attribution Of The Causes Of Death In People Infected With Hiv And/Or Hepatitis C In Connecticut, 2003-2007, Kristin Elizabeth Gerard

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

Introduction: This study examined the causes of death in Connecticut residents who were infected with hepatitis C and/or HIV/AIDS and died between 2003 and 2007. Disease surveillance and mortality data can provide important public health information that may be used to develop important public health programs, policies, or legislation. Underreporting of diseases in mortality data may lead to reduced public health funding. Background: Hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS are two potentially fatal infectious diseases that have been reportable in Connecticut since 1994 and 1981, respectively. Mortality data in Connecticut contain information about the causes of death in a deceased individual, which …

Memory Cd8+ T Cell Differentiation, Joshua J. Obar, Leo Lefrancois

UCHC Articles - Research

In response to infection or effective vaccination, naive antigen-specific CD8+ T cells undergo a dramatic highly orchestrated activation process. Initial encounter with an appropriately activated antigen-presenting cell leads to blastogenesis and an exponential increase in antigen-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. Simultaneously, a dynamic differentiation process occurs, resulting in formation of both primary effector and long-lived memory cells. Current findings have emphasized the heterogeneity of effector and memory cell populations with the description of multiple cellular subsets based on phenotype, function, and anatomic location. Yet, only recently have we begun to dissect the underlying factors mediating the temporal control of the …

Introduction To The Basic Drivers Of Climate, Alison P. Stevens

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Climates on Earth vary from the warm, wet tropics to the cold, dry Arctic and Antarctic. What drives this variation?

Every day, we note the weather: temperature, rain, cloud cover, wind and humidity. Climate is the long-term prevailing weather in an area and is largely determined by temperature and precipitation. The climate in a desert is hot and dry. The climate in the tropics is warm and wet. The climate of a particular area is the largest determinant to the life found there. Climate is a key focus in ecology. Variations in climate include daily and seasonal cycles. Climatic variation …

Non-Destructive Estimation Pigment Content Ripening Quality And Damage In Apple Fruit With Spectral Reflectance In The Visible Range, Alexei E. Solovchenko, Olga B. Chivkunova, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Mark N. Merzlyak

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Modern non-destructive optical-reflectance-based techniques for estimation of pigment (chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and flavonol) contents, the rate of on- and off-tree ripening as well as for detection of common physiological disorders, such as sunscald, superficial scald, and water core, and other damages to apple fruit are an emphasis on the methods developed by the authors. The basic spectral features of fruit reflectance in the visible and near infra-red are briefly considered together with their implications for the development of algorithms for non-destructive pigment content assessment. The use of reflectance spectroscopy for estimating chlorophyll and carotenoid content as well as carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio …

Management Strategies In Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy, Kamakshi Patel, Minal Bhanushali, Suraj Ashok Muley

Neurology

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic, proximal and distal, asymmetrical or symmetrical, motor and sensory demyelinating polyneuropathy with a progressive course for at least 2 months. The accurate diagnosis is crucial as CIDP is amenable to treatment. Recent advances have provided new strategies and options for management of this syndrome. In this article, we review the clinical and diagnostic features as well as discuss recent insights and treatment strategies along with our experience in the management of patients with CIDP.

Pooled Protein Immunization For Identification Of Cell Surface Antigens In Streptococcus Sanguinis, Xiuchun Ge, Todd Kitten, Cindy L. Munro, Daniel H. Conrad, Ping Xu

Philips Institute for Oral Health Research Publications

Background

Available bacterial genomes provide opportunities for screening vaccines by reverse vaccinology. Efficient identification of surface antigens is required to reduce time and animal cost in this technology. We developed an approach to identify surface antigens rapidly inStreptococcus sanguinis, a common infective endocarditis causative species.

Methods and Findings

We applied bioinformatics for antigen prediction and pooled antigens for immunization. Forty-seven surface-exposed proteins including 28 lipoproteins and 19 cell wall-anchored proteins were chosen based on computer algorithms and comparative genomic analyses. Eight proteins among these candidates and 2 other proteins were pooled together to immunize rabbits. The antiserum reacted …

Sorghum: An Ancient, Healthy And Nutritious Old World Cereal, United Sorghum Checkoff Program, John Lindsay

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Sorghum is Africa’s contribution to the small number of elite grains that supply about 85% of the world’s food energy. Only four other foods rice, wheat, maize, and potatoes are consumed in greater amounts by the human race. Sorghum is the dietary staple of more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries of the semi arid tropics, thus being one of the most familiar foods in the world (Board on Science and Technology for International Development, 1996). Sorghum is a truly ancient grain. Dahlberg and Wasylikowa (1996) reported on sorghum remains found in the Nabta Playa archaeological site …

Pulmonary Carcinosarcoma Initially Presenting As Invasive Aspergillosis: A Case Report Of Previously Unreported Combination, Ariyo O. Olobatoke, Doina David, Wasif Hafeez, Thien Van, Husain A. Saleh

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Carcinosarcoma of the lung is a malignant tumor composed of a mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma elements. The carcinomatous component is most commonly squamous followed by adenocarcinoma. The sarcomatous component commonly comprises the bulk of the tumor and shows poorly differentiated spindle cell features. Foci of differentiated sarcomatous elements such as chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma may be seen. Aspergillus pneumonia is the most common form of invasive aspergillosis and occurs mainly in patients with malignancy, immunocompromizing or debilitating diseases. Patients with Aspergillus pneumonia present with fever, cough, chest pain and occasionally hemoptysis. Tissue examination is the most reliable method for …

Annual Report (2010): Inspire Annual Report On Philanthropy, Lehigh Valley Health Network

LVHN Annual & Statistical Reports

No abstract provided.

Rifaximin Treatment In Hepatic Encephalopathy, Nathan M. Bass, Kevin D. Mullen, Arun J. Sanyal, Fred Poordad, Guy Neff, Carroll B. Leevy, Samuel Sigal, Muhammad Y. Sheikh, Kimberly Beavers, Todd Frederick, Lewis Teperman, Donald Hillebrand, Shirley Huang, Kunal Merchant, Audrey Shaw, Enoch Bortey, William P. Forbes

Internal Medicine Publications

Background

Hepatic encephalopathy is a chronically debilitating complication of hepatic cirrhosis. The efficacy of rifaximin, a minimally absorbed antibiotic, is well documented in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy, but its efficacy for prevention of the disease has not been established.

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 299 patients who were in remission from recurrent hepatic encephalopathy resulting from chronic liver disease to receive either rifaximin, at a dose of 550 mg twice daily (140 patients), or placebo (159 patients) for 6 months. The primary efficacy end point was the time to the first breakthrough episode …

Reversible Conformational Change In Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B With Fusion-From-Without Activity Is Triggered By Mildly Acidic Ph, Carlos R. Siekavizza-Robles, Stephen J. Dollery, Anthony V. Nicola

Microbiology and Immunology Publications

Background

The pre-fusion form of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) fusion protein gB undergoes pH-triggered conformational change in vitro and during viral entry (Dollery et al., J. Virol. 84:3759-3766, 2010). The antigenic structure of gB from the fusion-from-without (FFWO) strain of HSV-1, ANG path, resembles wild type gB that has undergone pH-triggered changes. Together, changes in the antigenic and oligomeric conformation of gB correlate with fusion activity. We tested whether the pre-fusion form of FFWO gB undergoes altered conformational change in response to low pH.

Results

A pH of 5.5 - 6.0 altered the conformation of Domains I and V …

Antibodies Against Multiple Merozoite Surface Antigens Of The Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum Inhibit Parasite Maturation And Red Blood Cell Invasion, Ute Woehlbier, Christian Epp, Fiona Hackett, Michael J. Blackman, Hermann Bujard

Microbiology and Immunology Publications

Background

Plasmodium falciparum merozoites expose at their surface a large protein complex, which is composed of fragments of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1; called MSP-1₈₃, MSP-1₃₀, MSP-1₃₈, and MSP-1₄₂) plus associated processing products of MSP-6 and MSP-7. During erythrocyte invasion this complex, as well as an integral membrane protein called apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1), is shed from the parasite surface following specific proteolysis. Components of the MSP-1/6/7 complex and AMA-1 are presently under development as malaria vaccines.

Methods

The specificities and effects of antibodies directed against MSP-1, MSP-6, MSP-7 on the growth …

The Problem Of Antimicrobial Resistance In The Foodchain, Ciara Walsh

Reports

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with the food chain is currently a subject of major interest to many food chain stakeholders. In response safefood commissioned this report to update our knowledge of this area and to raise awareness of the issue. Its primary focus is on the food chain where it impacts consumer health. This review will inform and underpin any future action to be taken by safefood with regard to AMR.

Modeling Super-Spreading Events For Sars, Thembinkosi P. Mkhatshwa

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

One of the intriguing characteristics of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics was the occurrence of super spreading events (SSEs). Super-spreading events for a specific infectious disease occur when infected individuals infect more than the average number of secondary cases. The understanding of these SSEs is critical to under- standing the spread of SARS. In this thesis, we present a modification of the basic SIR (Susceptible - Infected - Removed) disease model, an SIPR (Susceptible - Regular Infected - Super-spreader - Removed) model, which captures the effect of the SSEs.

Respecting Working Mothers With Infant Children: The Need For Increased Federal Intervention To Develop, Protect And Support A Breastfeeding Culture In The United States, Heather M. Kolinsky

Scholarly Articles

The author argues that the benefits of breastfeeding are overwhelming and that more needs to be done to ensure that all women have a viable option to continue breastfeeding upon returning to work, particularly the working poor and minorities. Those least likely to breastfeed are more likely to be part of an at risk population in terms of health. Most significantly, the lack of a cohesive policy in the workplace has had a disparate impact on the most vulnerable populations of breastfeeding mothers and their children. The lack of federal protection and a patchwork of protection in the states have …

Fusion, 2010, George Washington University, William H. Beaumont Medical Research Honor Society

Fusion

No abstract provided.

Summary Of Fourth Annual Tuberculosis And Elephants Workshop, Dennis L. Schmitt, Deborah Olson, Heidi S. Riddle

College of Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Point Of Origin And Mortality When An Elderly Person Is Diagnosed With Sepsis, Monica Chamberlain

Graduate Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Healthy New Hampshire 2010, Improving Health-And Quality Of Life- For The People New Hampshire. Presented By The Healthy New Hampshire 2010 Leadership Council And The New Hampshire Department Of Health And Human Services., New Hampshire Department Of Health And Human Services

Manchester Research Group

Goals and objectives plan for New Hampshire disease prevention and health promotion, including data and statistics for physical, mental, environmental, maternal, reproductive, and child health areas.

Cholera: An Overview Of A Disease, Ezriel Leifer

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Although the disease, cholera, has been recognized since antiquity, the bacteria responsible for causing it was only discovered in the mid-19th century. Since 1817, cholera has spread on a global basis to cause seven pandemics. According to information reported to the World Health Organization in 1999, almost 8,500 people died and another 223,000 became sick with cholera worldwide. During the period between full outbreaks, the cholera organism, Vibrio cholerae, thrives in brackish waters, in harmless as well as disease-causing forms. Vibrio cholerae is just one of a variety of ocean-borne microbes that can sicken humans via seafood, drinking water, and …

Virginia Commonwealth University Graduate And Professional Programs Bulletin Courses [2010], Virginia Commonwealth University

VCU Bulletins

Listing of professional and graduate courses for 2010-2011.

Institute Of Clinical And Translational Sciences News, Vol. 3, Issue 1

ICTS Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Lifelines Winter 2010, Southern Adventist University

Lifelines - Biology Department Newsletter

The Winter 2010 issue of Lifelines features articles on research done in the Southern Connections class, the retirement of Dr. David Ekkens, the death of Dr. Richard Seidel, the Allied Health Club's service projects, and a pictorial directory of the 2010 biology and allied health graduates.

Changing The Culture Of Academic Medicine: Perspectives Of Women Faculty, Linda H. Pololi

Dartmouth College Press

Rights Information

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License © Trustees of Dartmouth College

Respiratory Disease In Young Dairy Calves., A. D. Garcia, R. Daly

Dairy Science Publication Database

Respiratory disease is the second leading cause of death losses (scours is the first) in un-weaned heifer calves. Respiratory problems have increased by 34 percent in the last twenty years resulting in nearly 21 percent of all newborn calf losses (NAHMS. 2007). Heifers that survive continue to perform poorly as adult cows. In order to prevent this costly problem it is important to address both determinant and predisposing causes.

Benefits Of Breastfeeding, Renee Chill

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

When a child is born, a mother can choose to breastfeed her infant or to use an alternative source of nutrition such as formula. To choose properly, the mother must be informed about the pros and cons of each method of feeding. This paper will elaborate on the process of breastfeeding and present some of the benefits that are conferred to both infant and mother through the act of breastfeeding, benefits that formula does not provide. Breastfeeding positively affects infants in both the short- and long-term by providing protection from infectious diseases, fostering the psychological bond with their mothers, and …

Ada Code Of Ethics (January 2010), American Dental Association

Code of Ethics

The ADA Code of Ethics has three main components: The Principles of Ethics, the Code of Professional Conduct and the Advisory Opinions. Contents may also include: Amendment to ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct and Insert for the ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. The most current issue is available on the ADA’s website.

Contingency Theory Perspective On Management Control System Design Among U.S. Ante-Bellum Slave Plantations;, Louis J. Stewart

Accounting Historians Journal

This paper examines the management control-system design of mid-19th century U.S. slave plantations using a contingency theory framework. Large rice plantations that relied on forced labor and tidal-flow agricultural technology were very profitable for their owners. This paper presents a model that links these favorable operating results to a close fit between the control-system design and three key contingent environmental variables. Absentee owners hired managers to provide on-site oversight and periodic operational reporting. These managers relied on slave drivers to assign individualized daily tasks to the plantation's field hands and monitor their performance. Productive field slaves were rewarded with greater …