Digital Commons Network^™

The Evolution Of Human Genetic And Phenotypic Variation In Africa, Michael Campbell, Sarah Tishkoff

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

Africa is the birthplace of modern humans, and is the source of the geographic expansion of ancestral populations into other regions of the world. Indigenous Africans are characterized by high levels of genetic diversity within and between populations. The pattern of genetic variation in these populations has been shaped by demographic events occurring over the last 200,000 years. The dramatic variation in climate, diet, and exposure to infectious disease across the continent has also resulted in novel genetic and phenotypic adaptations in extant Africans. This review summarizes some recent advances in our understanding of the demographic history and selective pressures …

February 22, 2010 Reporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Critical Role Of Toll-Like Receptor 9 In Morphine And Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Induced Apoptosis In Mice, Lin Chen, Wanliang Shi, Hui Li, Xiuli Sun, Xionglin Fan, Gene Lesage, Hui Li, Yi Li, Yi Zhang, Xiumei Zhang, Ying Zhang, Deling Yin

ETSU Faculty Works

Background: Although it is established that opioid and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are both public health problems, the mechanisms by which they affect lung functions remain elusive. Methodology/Principal Findings: We report here that mice subjected to chronic morphine administration and M. tuberculosis infection exhibited significant apoptosis in the lung in wild type mice as demonstrated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay. Morphine and M. tuberculosis significantly induced the expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), a key mediator of innate immunity and inflammation. Interestingly, deficiency in TLR9 significantly inhibited the morphine and M. tuberculosis induced apoptosis in the …

An Optimal Control Theory Approach To Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions, Feng Lin, Kumar Muthuraman, Mark Lawley

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are the first line of defense against pandemic influenza. These interventions dampen virus spread by reducing contact between infected and susceptible persons. Because they curtail essential societal activities, they must be applied judiciously. Optimal control theory is an approach for modeling and balancing competing objectives such as epidemic spread and NPI cost.

Methods

We apply optimal control on an epidemiologic compartmental model to develop triggers for NPI implementation. The objective is to minimize expected person-days lost from influenza related deaths and NPI implementations for the model. We perform a multivariate sensitivity analysis based on Latin Hypercube …

Filtration Efficiency Of Surgical Masks, Erin Sanchez

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Surgical masks are intended to be used to prevent transmission of disease from a health care worker to a patient. Often times, they are relied upon by health care workers for their own protection. In light of recent developments regarding preparation for health care worker response to global infectious diseases such as H1N1 Influenza, health care workers may experience a false sense of security when wearing surgical masks. The goal of this study was to evaluate the filtration efficiency of a double strap tie-on surgical mask. The manufacturer asserts a >95% efficiency with a 0.1 um challenge aerosol under FDA …

The Medical Education Of Physicians, Jonathan Saxton

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper provides a descriptive overview of the process of education, licensing, certification, and continuing education involved in becoming and continuing to practice as a physician.

Cell-Type Specific Distribution Of Chloride Transporters In The Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Michael A. Belenky, Patricia J. Sollars, David B. Mount, Seth L. Alper, Yosef Yarom, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian oscillator and biological clock. Cell-to-cell communication is important for synchronization among SCN neuronal oscillators and the great majority of SCN neurons use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult central nervous system. Acting via the ionotropic GABAA receptor, a chloride ion channel, GABA typically evokes inhibitory responses in neurons via Cl− influx. Within the SCN GABA evokes both inhibitory and excitatory responses although the mechanism underlying GABA-evoked excitation in the SCN is unknown. GABA-evoked depolarization in immature neurons in several regions of the brain is a function …

Detection Of Wuchereria Bancrofti L3 Larvae In Mosquitoes: A Reverse Transcriptase Pcr Assay Evaluating Infection And Infectivity, Sandra J. Laney, Reda M.R. Ramzy, Hanan H. Helmy, Hoda A. Farid, Ameen A. Ashour, Gary J. Weil, Steven A. Williams

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Lymphatic filariasis is a disabling and disfiguring disease caused by a parasite that is transmitted by a mosquito. The life cycle of the parasite requires two hosts: the mosquito vector and the human host. Part of the developmental life cycle of the parasite occurs in the mosquito and the other part in the human host. The parasite develops through four stages in the mosquito, only the last of which is infectious to humans. The third larval stage (L3) is the infective stage that initiates human infections when infective mosquitoes bite humans. There is currently a global program attempting to eliminate …

Structure Of Vibrio Cholerae Toxt Reveals A Mechanism For Fatty Acid Regulation Of Virulence Genes, Michael J. Lowden, Karen Skorupski, Maria Pellegrini, Michael G. Chiorazzo, Ronald K. Taylor, F. Jon Kull

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. In order for V. cholerae to cause disease, it must produce two virulence factors, the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CT), whose expression is controlled by a transcriptional cascade culminating with the expression of the AraC-family regulator, ToxT. We have solved the 1.9 A resolution crystal structure of ToxT, which reveals folds in the N- and C-terminal domains that share a number of features in common with AraC, MarA, and Rob as well as the unexpected presence of a buried 16-carbon fatty acid, cis-palmitoleate. The finding that …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - February 14, 2010, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the February 14, 2010 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Gumbo Chili Showdown T-Shirts - On Sale NOW!
• AOA Visiting Professorship Scheduled
• 2010 Summer Medical Student Program Proposal Deadline Extended
• Howard F. Mahan Lecture - "Race, Medicine and Research: Re-examining the Infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Its Legacy"
• COM Alum, Former Family Medicine Chair To Be Honored
• Retirement Reception Slated
• College of Nursing Recognized for Influenza Prevention Efforts
• Press Register - Medical School Romance
• Med School Cafe' - Surgical Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
• Distinguished Scientist Seminar: “Mechanotransduction in Acute …

The Murray Ledger And Times, February 12, 2010, The Murray Ledger And Times

The Murray Ledger & Times

No abstract provided.

Universal Features Of Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation Are Critical For Plasmodium Zygote Development, Gr Mair, E Lasonder, Ls Garver, Bmd Franke-Fayard, Et Al

School of Biomedical Sciences

A universal feature of metazoan sexual development is the generation of oocyte P granules that withhold certain mRNA species from translation to provide coding potential for proteins during early post-fertilization development. Stabilisation of translationally quiescent mRNA pools in female Plasmodium gametocytes depends on the RNA helicase DOZI, but the molecular machinery involved in the silencing of transcripts in these protozoans is unknown. Using affinity purification coupled with mass-spectrometric analysis we identify a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) from Plasmodium berghei gametocytes defined by DOZI and the Sm-like factor CITH (homolog of worm CAR-I and fly Trailer Hitch). This mRNP includes 16 major …

Volume 47, Number 25: February 10, 2010, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

The Utah Statesman, February 8, 2010, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Dkk1 Mediated Inhibition Of Wnt Signaling In Postnatal Mice Leads To Loss Of Tec Progenitors And Thymic Degeneration, Masako Osada, Logan Jardine, Ruth Misir, Thomas Andl, Sarah E. Millar, Mark Pezzano

Publications and Research

Background Thymic epithelial cell (TEC) microenvironments are essential for the recruitment of T cell precursors from the bone marrow, as well as the subsequent expansion and selection of thymocytes resulting in a mature self-tolerant T cell repertoire. The molecular mechanisms, which control both the initial development and subsequent maintenance of these critical microenvironments, are poorly defined. Wnt signaling has been shown to be important to the development of several epithelial tissues and organs. Regulation of Wnt signaling has also been shown to impact both early thymocyte and thymic epithelial development. However, early blocks in thymic organogenesis or death of the …

February 8, 2010 Reporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Sbs General Campus Announcement 2010-02-05, Darren Johnson

Southampton Announcements and News

No abstract provided.

The New Hampshire, Vol. 99 [100], No. 29 (Feb. 5, 2010), The New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Print Edition

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire. This volume was printed as 99, but it is the 100th volume in the series. This was corrected in pencil.

Volume 47, Number 24: February 03, 2010, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Today - February 3, 2010, Loma Linda University

TODAY

Inside this issue:

-- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Studies to open
-- Two additional LLU medical teams arrive in Haiti; Hopital Adventiste d’Haiti endures additional seismic activity
-- Documentary to be shown on growth of fundamentalism among young Adventists
-- Loma Linda University faculty and students prepare report for Cambodia
-- School of Medicine dean looks forward to Alumni Postgraduate Convention
-- Pharmacy students raise funds for Haiti relief efforts
-- New study to examine weight loss
-- Public health investigators and student publish in international journal
-- Academic credit to be available at Healthy People 2010
-- On …

Pesticides As "Pollutants" Under The Clean Water Act, John H. Minan, Tracy M. Frech

San Diego Law Review

Climate change and shifting weather patterns affect the development and distribution of insects and other pests. Public agencies as well as private parties, such as farmers and ranchers, commonly use chemical and biological pesticides to combat the spread and entrenchment of these nuisances. Given the ubiquitous use of pesticides, it is not surprising that pesticide regulation involves important issues of law and public policy.

Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activity Of Flower Extracts Of Cassia Auriculata L., S. Maneemegalai, T. Naveen

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Since plants are used as therapeutic agents, the present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antibacterial activities of flower extracts of Cassia auriculata. Studies on the antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of dry flower and ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of fresh flower of Cassia auriculata was conducted using agar disc diffusion method. The microorganisms used include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysentrae. The maximum activity was observed against all organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella …

Prognostic Value Of Ishak Fibrosis Stage: Findings From The Halt-C Trial, Herbert L. Bonkovsky

UCHC Articles - Research

Background and Aims

Studies of the prognostic value of Ishak fibrosis stage are lacking. We utilized multi-year follow-up of the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial to determine whether individual Ishak fibrosis stages predicted clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Methods

Baseline liver biopsies from 1,050 patients with compensated chronic hepatitis C who had failed combination peginterferon and ribavirin were reviewed by a panel of expert hepatopathologists. Fibrosis was staged with the Ishak scale (ranging from 0=no fibrosis to 6=cirrhosis). Biopsy fragmentation and length as well as number of portal tracts were recorded. We …

The Concurrency Hypothesis In Sub-Saharan Africa: Convincing Empirical Evidence Is Still Lacking. Response To Mah And Halperin, Epstein, And Morris, Mark N. Lurie, Samantha R. Rosenthal

Health & Wellness Department Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Determinants Of Bacterial Contamination In Pools, Spas, And Wading Pools: Should Chlorine Standards Be Revised?, Edmond A. Hooker, William A. Chinn, Natalie C. Bain, Gregory C. Busam, Anahatan Srirangan, Antonio R. Young

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Using a retrospective case-control study, we compared poolside tests with bacteriological samples during three consecutive summers. A total of 844 matched samples were obtained. Increased chlorine levels were associated with lower rates of contamination. Alkalinity, pH, and TDS were not statistically associated with bacteriological failures. In swimming pools with > 1 ppm of chlorine, 27/30 (90.0%) passed bacteriologic evaluation. In spas with < 1.0 ppm of chlorine, only 12/28 (42.9%) passed. Of the spas with > 3.0 ppm of chlorine, 170/176 (96.6%) passed. Of the wading pools with < 1ppm of chlorine, only 12/25 (48.0%) passed. Of the wading pools with > 2 ppm, 263/290 (90.7%) passed. Of available poolside tests, only chlorine levels are predictive of positive testing for fecal contamination. Higher levels of chlorine were associated with …

Karl Friedrich Meyer, 1884-1974, Urs Gessner

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Karl Friedrich Meyer, the veterinarian scientist, the medical microbiologist and pathologist,theecologist,theepidemiologist, the public health promoter, and inspiring teache-the Swiss genius in the USAwhat an incredibly active, brilliant, and prodigious personality he was!

Prism #44, February 2010, Office Of The Provost

Prism: Western Michigan University's Newsletter for Academic Affairs

No abstract provided.

White-Nose Syndrome Fungus (Geomyces Destructans) In Bat, France, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Pascal Verdeyroux, Hubert Fuller, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh, Michaël Bekaert, Emma C. Teeling

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

Mobile Access To Dynamed; Pubmed Changes; Scitable, Vol. 8 (2), Houston Academy Of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library

Insider Express (2003-2013)

No abstract provided.

Targeted Prevention Measures Stopped Spread Of H1n1 Flu At Alabama Boys Camp, Uab Doctor Says, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.