Digital Commons Network^™

Acceptability Of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines Among Low-Risk Adults In An Urban Emergency Department, Kamila Sikora

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Emergency departments (EDs) are the only source of medical care for many adults and have been found to be feasible venues for vaccinating high-risk patients against seasonal influenza. Since the CDC guidelines expanded in 2008 to include any adults wishing to protect themselves and those around them from the flu, the vaccination of low-risk patients in the ED has not been evaluated. This study sought to assess the acceptability among adult patients of all ages for vaccinating against seasonal influenza in the Urgent Care area of an urban ED, which treats primarily healthy adults. A convenience sample of adult patients …

Governmental Public Health: An Overview Of State And Local Public Health Agencies, Eileen Salinsky

National Health Policy Forum

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act significantly expands federal support for community prevention and public health. This paper describes the governmental public health infrastructure at both the state and local level in terms of organizational structure, activities, financing, workforce, partnerships, and performance improvement efforts.

Blood Lipids, Infection, And Inflammatory Markers In The Tsimane Of Bolivia, Sarinnapha Vasunilashorn, Eileen M. Crimmins, Jung Ki Kim, Jeff Winking, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan, Caleb Finch

ESI Publications

Objectives—Little is known about blood cholesterol (blood-C) levels under conditions of infection and limited diet. This study examines blood-C and markers of infection and inflammation in the Tsimane of the Bolivian Amazon, indigenous forager farmers living in conditions that model preindustrial European populations by their short life expectancy, high load of infections and inflammation, and limited diets.

Methods—We use multivariate models to determine the relationships between lipid levels and markers of infection and inflammation. Adult Tsimane (N = 418, age 20–84) were characterized for blood lipids, cells, and inflammatory markers in relation to individual loads of parasites and …

Animal Health Matters, Jarett Bies, David H. Zeman, Russ Daly

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- New Department Name Introduced in Campus Ceremony [Page] 1- Director's Message: What’s in a Name? [Page] 2- VBS Department Faculty Make Connections in China [Page] 3- ADRDL Personnel Gain Additional Proficiency Training for Foreign Animal Disease Testing, Embark on Test Validation Studies [Page] 3- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department Launches New Website: www.sdstate.edu/vs [Page] 4- Histopathology and the Histology Laboratory at SDSU’s ADRDL Pieces and Parts [Page] 6- Dunn Begins Work as Dean of SDSU College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences [Page] 6- Hennings to Address International Pig Veterinary Society [Page] 6- SDSU Faculty to Co-Author “Diseases of …

Higher Education In New Mexico - Phase 1 Report: President Schmidly's Remarks, David Schmidly

President Schmidly's Administration

"'I speak for the entire UNM team when I tell you that, from our perspective, the report is excellent. As we say in our formal response, we believe that if most of the recommendations in the Report were implemented, we would have a better performing system of higher education in New Mexico. And the idea of having a true ""system"" is a critical concept as we look to the future. It is this concept, and UNM\'s role in that system, that I would like to spend a significant portion of my time talking about this morning.'"

Acaricidal Activity Of Eugenol Based Compounds Against Scabies Mites, Cielo Pasay, Kate Mounsey, Graeme Stevenson, Rohan Davis, Larry G. Arlian, Marjorie Morgan, Diann Vyszenski-Moher, Kathy Andrews, James Mccarthy

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Human scabies is a debilitating skin disease caused by the “itch mite” Sarcoptes scabiei. Ordinary scabies is commonly treated with topical creams such as permethrin, while crusted scabies is treated with topical creams in combination with oral ivermectin. Recent reports of acaricide tolerance in scabies endemic communities in Northern Australia have prompted efforts to better understand resistance mechanisms and to identify potential new acaricides. In this study, we screened three essential oils and four pure compounds based on eugenol for acaricidal properties.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Sbe Notícias, Ano 5, No. 163, August 11, 2010, Marcelo A. Rasteiro, Delci K. Ishida

SBE Notícias

UPE e GREGO realizam expedição em Mambaí - Palestra: Espeleomergulho no Brasil - cenário atual - Parecer pede a sustação do Decreto 6.640/08 - Primeiros registros de cavernas ferruginosas no norte de Minas - O cão mais antigo do mundo - Guano Speleo UFMG organiza encontro de espeleologia - Fungo pode extinguir nove espécies de morcego nos Estados Unidos - Método Identifica vírus em morcegos - Estudo avalia a germinação de sementes dispersas por morcegos - Parques eólicos podem matar morcegos - EspeleoHumor: Desde o tempo das cavernas - Foto do Leitor: Gruta da Morena (MG-270)

Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Endocytose Hiv-1 And Facilitate Viral Infection Of Cd4+ T Lymphocytes, Stephanie M. Dorosko, Ruth I. Connor

Dartmouth Scholarship

The contribution of mammary epithelial cells (MEC) to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in breast milk remains largely unknown. While breast milk contains CD4(+) cells throughout the breast-feeding period, it is not known whether MEC directly support HIV-1 infection or facilitate infection of CD4(+) cells in the breast compartment. This study evaluated primary human MEC for direct infection with HIV-1 and for indirect transfer of infection to CD4(+) target cells. Primary human MEC were isolated and assessed for expression of HIV-1 receptors. MEC were exposed to CCR5-, CXCR4- and dual-tropic strains of HIV-1 and evaluated for viral reverse transcription …

Comparative Experiential Education In Global Health For Undergraduates: A Platform For Careers And Lifelong Learning In Public Health, Lois Mccloskey Drph, Mph, Onsultant, Founding Program Director, Health And Community, Christopher J. Colvin Phd, Mph, Program Director, Faculty And Country Coordinator, South Africa, Health And Community

Fostering Multicultural Competence and Global Justice: an SIT Symposium

In 2005, the International Honors Program, a longstanding organization that runs comparative study abroad programs, launched its “Health and Community” (HC) Program. The program is offered to upper-level undergraduates from across the US and from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds. It travels to four countries in one semester and uses lectures, site visits, case study research and homestay experiences to engage students in critical and comparative thinking about health and illness at both the global and community levels. The interdisciplinary curriculum combines the perspectives of political economy, medical anthropology, and public health and each country program focuses learning around …

A Team Public Health Research Project For First-Year Pharmacy Students To Apply Content From Didactic Courses, David Fuentes, Nancy Deguire, Rajul A. Patel, Eric G. Boyce

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Objectives. To implement and assess a first-year pharmacy student group research project that provided practical hands-on application and reinforced the curricula of concurrent didactic courses.

Design. Groups of 6 to 7 students chose a public health topic based on the Healthy People 2010 Priority Areas and created a survey instrument. Faculty facilitated mock institutional review board (IRB) review sessions which provided teams with ongoing feedback and refinement recommendations before each team administered their survey instrument to a predefined population. Data analysis, formal written reports, and oral presentations were presented to peers and project faculty members.

Assessment. Teams complied with the …

A Detailed Phylogenetic Analysis Of Fiv In The United States, Eric A. Weaver

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus associated with AIDS-like illnesses in cats and has been used as a model for the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A feature of HIV and FIV infection is the continually increasing divergence among viral isolates between different individuals, as well as within the same individuals.

Methodology/Principal Findings: The goal of this study was to determine the phylogenetic patterns of viral isolates obtained within the United States (U.S.) by focusing on the variable, V3-V4, region of the FIV envelope gene.

Conclusions/Significance: Data indicate that FIV, from within the U.S., localize to four …

The Staphylococcus-Specific Gene Rsr Represses Agr And Virulence In Staphylococcus Aureus, Sandeep Tamber, Dindo Reyes, Niles P. Donegan, Joseph D. Schwartzman, Ambrose L. Cheung, Guido Memmi

Dartmouth Scholarship

The expression of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus is tightly coordinated by a vast network of regulatory molecules. In this report, we characterize a genetic locus unique to staphylococci called rsr that has a role in repressing two key virulence regulators, sarR and agr. Using strain SH1000, we showed that the transcription of virulence effectors, such as hla, sspA, and spa, is altered in an rsr mutant in a way consistent with agr upregulation. Analysis of RNAIII expression of the agr locus in rsr and rsr-sarR mutants indicated that rsr likely contributes to agr expression independently …

Dielectrophoretic Characterization Of Particles And Erythrocytes, Soumya Keshavamurthy Srivastava

Theses and Dissertations

Medical lab work, such as blood testing, will one day be near instantaneous and inexpensive via capabilities enabled by the fast growing world of microtechnology. In this research study, sorting and separation of different ABO blood types have been investigated by applying alternating and direct electric fields using class=SpellE>dielectrophoresis in microdevices. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microdevices, fabricated by standard photolithography techniques have been used. Embedded perpendicular platinum (Pt) electrodes to generate forces in AC dielectrophoresis were used to successfully distinguish positive ABO blood types, with O+ distinguishable from other blood types at >95% confidence. This is an important foundation for exploring …

Prevalence Of Campylobacter Jejuni In Newly Constructed Broiler Houses, Krista Nicole Eberle

Theses and Dissertations

Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter in newly constructed broiler houses and compare three microaerophilic gas delivery methods used to culture Campylobacter in the laboratory. Of 2,300 litter, 900 fecal, and 45 water samples, only 5, 6 and 1 of the samples, respectively, were confirmed positive. style='mso-spacerun:yes'> Results indicated litter moisture content was different across day, location and house. An interaction was detected for litter pH between day, location and flock. Temperatures averaged 26.8°C inside and 27.6°C outside. style='mso-spacerun:yes'> No difference in …

Tissue Engineering Cartilage For Focal Defects, Scott Chi Tran

Theses and Dissertations

Articular cartilage provides a near frictionless surface for the articulating ends of bones. Cartilage functions to lubricate and transmit compressive forces resulting from joint loading and impact. If damaged, whether by traumatic injury or disease, cartilage lacks the ability for self-repair. This study explores the production of scaffoldree cartilage and investigates the effect of Tissue Growth Technologies’ CartiGen Bioreactor on the cartilage. Chondrocyte and bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) attachment to chitosan is also investigated in hopes of producing a bilayered construct for osteochondral repair. Results demonstrate that culturing of scaffoldree cartilage in the CartiGen bioreactor resulted in an enhancement …

Understanding Molecular Aspects Of Catfish-Pathogen Interactions, Pradeepkumar Reddy Dumpala

Theses and Dissertations

The catfish industry suffers losses primarily due to enteric septicemia of catfish and columnaris disease caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare, respectively. Understanding the host-pathogen interactions is vital for prevention and eradication of these diseases. Hence, the overall objective of this study was to analyze whole cell proteomes of these two bacteria, and to determine the changes in E. ictaluri protein expression against in vitro iron-restriction and host serum treatment. High-throughput proteomic analysis of these bacteria was conducted using two-dimensional liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2-D LC ESI MS/MS) and two-dimentional gel electrophoresis coupled with …

Mode Of Action And Characterization Of A Novel Biological Response Modifier Isolated From Fractionated Caprine Serum, Charles Joseph Matyi

Theses and Dissertations

Immune Cell Potentiating Factor (ICPF) represents a class of biological response modifiers initially only found within active caprine serum fractions. Controlled studies have since demonstrated active ICPF derived from several non-caprine mammalian sources; including equine and human. ICPF is able to increase survivability in murine gram negative induced sepsis (60%) as well as secondary infection and subsequent sepsis in canines infected within canine parvo virus 2 (36%) despite showing no innate antiviral properties. ICPF is able to initiate systemic proteomic changes within several organ systems; including serum, liver, brain, lung, and spleen. ICPF initiated an early acute phase response, specifically …

An Emerging Disease Causes Regional Population Collapse Of A Common North American Bat Species, Winifred F. Frick, Jacob F. Pollock, Alan C. Hicks

KIP Articles

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease affecting hibernating bats in eastern North America that causes mass mortality and precipitous population declines in winter hibernacula. First discovered in 2006 in New York State, WNS is spreading rapidly across eastern North America and currently affects seven species. Mortality associated with WNS is causing a regional population collapse and is predicted to lead to regional extinction of the little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus), previously one of the most common bat species in North America. Novel diseases can have serious impacts on naïve wildlife populations, which in turn can have substantial impacts on …

Titer-Plate Formatted Continuous Flow Thermal Reactors: Design And Performance Of A Nanoliter Reactor, Pin Chuan Chen, Daniel S. Park, Byoung Hee You, Namwon Kim, Taehyun Park, Steven A. Soper, Dimitris E. Nikitopoulos, Michael C. Murphy

Faculty Publications

Arrays of continuous flow thermal reactors were designed, configured, and fabricated in a 96-device (12 × 8) titer-plate format with overall dimensions of 120 mm × 96 mm, with each reactor confined to a 8 mm × 8 mm footprint. To demonstrate the potential, individual 20-cycle (740 nl) and 25-cycle (990 nl) reactors were used to perform the continuous flow polymerase chain reaction (CFPCR) for amplification of DNA fragments of different lengths. Since thermal isolation of the required temperature zones was essential for optimal biochemical reactions, three finite element models, executed with ANSYS (v. 11.0, Canonsburg, PA), were used to …

Use Of Environmental Variables To Infer Gene Flow And Population Structure In The Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus Polyphemus) And Predict The Seroprevalence Of An Emerging Infectious Disease, Rachel Wallace Clostio

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Understanding worldwide declines in reptiles due to factors such as habitat loss and emerging infectious disease has become an increasingly important focus in conservation biology. Here, I use novel approaches from the field of landscape genetics to combine spatial genetic data with landscape data at both regional and local spatial scales to explore natural and anthropogenic landscape features that shape population structure and gene flow in a federally threatened reptile, Gopherus polyphemus. I also utilize approaches from the field of spatial epidemiology to examine the extent to which environmental variables can be used to predict the seroprevalence of an associated …

Mononucleosis And Antigen-Driven T Cell Responses Have Different Requirements For Interleukin-2 Signaling In Murine Gammaherpesvirus Infection, Michael Molloy, Weijun Zhang, Edward Usherwood

Dartmouth Scholarship

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been implicated as being necessary for the optimal formation of primary CD8⁺ T cell responses against various pathogens. Here we have examined the role that IL-2 signaling plays in several aspects of a CD8⁺ T cell response against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68). Exposure to MHV-68 causes a persistent infection, along with infectious mononucleosis, providing a model for studying these processes in mice. Our study indicates that CD25 is necessary for optimal expansion of the antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cell response but not for the long-term memory response. Contrastingly, IL-2 signaling through CD25 is absolutely required …

Cross-Reactivity Of Antibodies Against Leptospiral Recurrent Uveitis-Associated Proteins A And B (Lrua And Lrub) With Eye Proteins, Ashutosh Verma, Pawan Kumar, Kelly Babb, John F. Timoney, Brian Stevenson

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Infection by Leptospira interrogans has been causally associated with human and equine uveitis. Studies in our laboratories have demonstrated that leptospiral lipoprotein LruA and LruB are expressed in the eyes of uveitic horses, and that antibodies directed against LruA and LruB react with equine lenticular and retinal extracts, respectively. These reactivities were investigated further by performing immunofluorescent assays on lenticular and retinal tissue sections. Incubation of lens tissue sections with LruA-antiserum and retinal sections with LruB-antiserum resulted in positive fluorescence. By employing two-dimensional gel analyses followed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, lens proteins cross-reacting with LruA antiserum were identified to …

Eeoc V. Geo Grp Inc

2010 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Optimal Duration Of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis For Group B Streptococcus And Effects On Practice Patterns, Emma Longley Barber

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

OPTIMAL DURATION OF INTRAPARTUM ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS FOR GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS AND EFFECTS ON PRACTICE PATTERNS. Emma L Barber, BS, Edmund F Funai, MD, Michael B Bracken, PhD, MPH, Guomao Zhao, BS, Irina A Buhimschi, MD, and Jessica L Illuzzi. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States. The 2002 CDC guidelines recommend a minimum of four hours of intrapartum penicillin G prophylaxis to assure a neonate is adequately prophylaxed against group B streptococcus (GBS). We examined the validity of this duration through the relationship between duration of prophylaxis and fetal serum …

An Analysis Of Electronically Monitored Adherence To Antiretroviral Medications, Kevin D. Dieckhaus

Articles - Patient Care

Medication adherence studies increasingly collect data electronically, often using Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) caps. Analyses typically focus on summary adherence measures, although more complete analyses are possible using adaptive statistical methods. These methods were used to describe individual-subject adherence patterns for MEMS data from a clinical trial. Subjects were adaptively clustered into groups with similar adherence patterns and clusters were compared on a variety of subject characteristics. There were seven different adherence clusters: consistently high, consistently moderately high, consistently moderate, consistently moderately low, consistently low, deteriorating starting early, and deteriorating late. Compared to other subjects, subjects with consistently high …

Comparison Of Costs Of Surgical Site Infection And Endometritis After Cesarean Delivery Using Claims And Medical Record Data, Margaret A. Olsen, Anne M. Butler, Denise M. Willers, Gilad A. Gross, Victoria J. Fraser

Infectious Diseases Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Mechanism And Inhibition Studies Of Mene Mbti And Menf Three Potential Drug Targets Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Staphylococcus Aureus, Rong Zhou

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

A detailed understanding of the catalytic mechanism of enzyme drug targets is required to guide structure-based drug discovery. In my thesis research I have primarily focused on the catalytic mechanism and inhibition of MenE the OSB-CoA synthetase from three different organisms: M. tuberculosis, S. aureus and E. coli. MenE catalyzes the formation of OSB-CoA through a two step reaction that proceeds via acyl adenylate intermediate and utilizes ATP and CoA as cofactors. In chapter 2, I discuss the catalytic mechanism of MenE from S. aureus (saMenE) where steady state kinetics coupled with site-directed mutagenesis has been used to identify key …

News From Hope College, Volume 42.1: August, 2010, Hope College

News from Hope College

No abstract provided.

Bat Coronaviruses And Experimental Infection Of Bats, The Philippines, Shumpei Watanabe, Joseph S. Masangkay, Noriyo Nagata, Shigeru Morikawa, Tetsuya Mizutani, Shuetsu Fukushi, Phillip Alviola, Tsutomu Omatsu, Naoya Ueda, Koichiro Iha, Satoshi Taniguchi, Hikaru Fujii, Shumpei Tsuda, Maiko Endoh, Kentaro Kato, Yukinobu Tohya, Shigeru Kyuwa, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa, Hiroomi Akashi

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

Identification Of L1334, A Unique Glycopeptidolipid Isolated From A M. Smegmatis Msmeg1604 Mutant And Functional Characterization Of Rv3409c From M. Tuberculosis, Jin Gao

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

M. tuberculosis has a cholesterol oxidizing activity that initiates sterol metabolism, which may be related to its virulence. Rv3409c of M. tuberculosis H37Rv was annotated as a putative cholesterol oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes cholesterol modification, based on low similarities with established cholesterol oxidase genes. The Rv3409c gene was heterologously expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 and purified. Using established cholesterol oxidase assays, no cholesterol oxidizing activity was detected. The M. smegmatis ortholog MSMEG1604 shares 83% amino acid identity with Rv3409c from M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The M. smegmatis MSMEG1604 transposon mutant (Myc11) oxidized and degraded cholesterol. Therefore, we concluded that …