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2009

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Modern Approaches To Pediatric Brain Injury Therapy, Peter A Walker, Matthew T Harting, James E Baumgartner, Stephen Fletcher, Nathan Strobel, Charles S Cox Aug 2009

Modern Approaches To Pediatric Brain Injury Therapy, Peter A Walker, Matthew T Harting, James E Baumgartner, Stephen Fletcher, Nathan Strobel, Charles S Cox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Each year, pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for 435,000 emergency department visits, 37,000 hospital admissions, and approximately 2,500 deaths in the United States. TBI results in immediate injury from direct mechanical force and shear. Secondary injury results from the release of biochemical or inflammatory factors that alter the loco-regional milieu in the acute, subacute, and delayed intervals after a mechanical insult. Preliminary preclinical and clinical research is underway to evaluate the benefit from progenitor cell therapeutics, hypertonic saline infusion, and controlled hypothermia. However, all phase III clinical trials investigating pharmacologic monotherapy for TBI have shown no benefit. A recent …

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Bacterial Transfer From Mouth To Different Utensils And From Utensils To Food, Chaitali Purohit Aug 2009

Bacterial Transfer From Mouth To Different Utensils And From Utensils To Food, Chaitali Purohit

All Theses

bold words

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Development And Testing Of A Machine-Coatable Chitosan Coating Applied To A Flexible Packaging Sealant, Steffen Rau Aug 2009

Development And Testing Of A Machine-Coatable Chitosan Coating Applied To A Flexible Packaging Sealant, Steffen Rau

All Theses

Chitosan is a naturally derived material that has anti-microbial properties. Studies have shown that chitosan is effective when it is in contact with the surface of the product upon which the antimicrobial effect is desired. This suggests that chitosan should be on the inside surface of the package. In this work, a machine coatable chitosan coating was developed for application to the sealable (LDPE) side of a PET/LDPE lamination. The viscosities and percent solids of the coating were evaluated over 12 days. The coating was tested using manual drawdowns (Mayer rods) and also on a gravure coating line. Adhesion properties …

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Diseases Of Floriculture Crops In South Carolina: Evaluation Of A Pre-Plant Sanitation Treatment And Identification Of Species Of Phytophthora, Ernesto Robayo Camacho Aug 2009

Diseases Of Floriculture Crops In South Carolina: Evaluation Of A Pre-Plant Sanitation Treatment And Identification Of Species Of Phytophthora, Ernesto Robayo Camacho

All Theses

This project was composed of two separate studies. In one study, the species of Phytophthora that have been found associated with diseased floriculture crops in South Carolina and four other states were characterized and identified using molecular (RFLP fingerprints and DNA sequences for ITS regions and cox I and II genes), morphological (sporangia, oogonia, antheridia, oospores, and chlamydospores), and physiological (mating behavior and cardinal temperatures) characters. In addition, sensitivity to the fungicide mefenoxam was determined. In all, 87 isolates from 63 host plants that were collected over a 13-year period (1996 through 2008) were examined. Host plants came from 46 …

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Treefall Gap Characteristics Within An Appalachian Hardwood Forest In West Virginia: Influences Of Topographic Position And Forest Type, Jamie Marie Himes Aug 2009

Treefall Gap Characteristics Within An Appalachian Hardwood Forest In West Virginia: Influences Of Topographic Position And Forest Type, Jamie Marie Himes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

We examined the attributes of canopy gaps on the 3,100 ha West Virginia University Research Forest (WVURF) near Morgantown, WV. The WVURF is a 70-80 year-old, second-growth, Appalachian hardwood forest. The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe specific gap characteristics (size, age, and fraction) of the forest as a whole, and (2) to assess whether gap characteristics varied by slope position (cove, mid, ridge), aspect (NE, NW, SE, SW), and forest cover type (cove hardwood, mesic oak, xeric oak).;Transect lines were digitized using GIS in ArcMap and systematically placed throughout the forest to include a range of aspects …

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Rapid Characterization Of Biomass: The Use Of Near Infrared And Fluorescence Spectroscopy As Process Analytical Technology (Pat) Method, Kofi Nkansah Aug 2009

Rapid Characterization Of Biomass: The Use Of Near Infrared And Fluorescence Spectroscopy As Process Analytical Technology (Pat) Method, Kofi Nkansah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The heterogeneous property of biomass (wood) affects its potential of being converted into any form of fuel in different ways (both positive and negative effects). Therefore in other to efficiently utilized biomass as a raw material for conversion into any form of clean alternative fuel to displace some of the fossil fuel we consume in the United State on a commercial scale basis, a quick, robust, non destructive on/in/at-line method of characterizing the physical and chemical properties of biomass that are relevant to the bio-refinery industry is imperative.;This study discusses the potential of using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and fluorescence …

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Testing Gender Effects On The Mechanisms Explaining The Association Between Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms And Substance Use Frequency, Marina Bornovalova, Paige Ouimette, Aaron V Crawford, Roy Levy Aug 2009

Testing Gender Effects On The Mechanisms Explaining The Association Between Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms And Substance Use Frequency, Marina Bornovalova, Paige Ouimette, Aaron V Crawford, Roy Levy

Psychology Faculty Publications

The present study examines gender differences in the mechanisms that explain the association between PTSD symptoms and substance use frequency in a sample of 182 urban substance users. Specifically, the current study examined gender differences in the role of two potential explanatory variables, namely, difficulties controlling impulsive behavior when distressed (IMP), and a lack of emotional awareness and clarity (AW/CLAR). Multiple-group path modeling (across males and females) was used to examine gender differences in the path coefficients from PTSD symptoms to IMP and AW/CLAR, and from these latter variables to drug use frequency. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms were associated …

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August-September 2009, Syracuse University Biology Department Aug 2009

August-September 2009, Syracuse University Biology Department

BioLog

No abstract provided.

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Family Forest Owners' Perceptions Of Effectiveness And Economic Efficiency Of Herbicidetreatments For Chinese Privet ( Ligustrum Sinense ) Control: A Field Focus Group Approach, Matthew Bailey Howle Aug 2009

Family Forest Owners' Perceptions Of Effectiveness And Economic Efficiency Of Herbicidetreatments For Chinese Privet ( Ligustrum Sinense ) Control: A Field Focus Group Approach, Matthew Bailey Howle

All Theses

Focus group interviews in a field-based setting were used to obtain qualitative data on the perceptions held by family forest owners relating to invasive species control methods. Focus groups, while common in forestry and natural resource research, are not usually facilitated in the field. The interviews took place on sites prepared in demonstration fashion to show various herbicide application methods for the control of Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense). The focus group data pointed to many themes, underlying concerns, and motivations that steer landowner decision making. Among the results were themes stressing landowner worries about post-treatment reestablishment of privet infestations and …

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Status Decay: The Reverse Of Status Construction Theory, Kevin Foster Aug 2009

Status Decay: The Reverse Of Status Construction Theory, Kevin Foster

All Theses

This thesis studies the status of African Americans at two points in time (1985 and 2004). Status construction theory would suggest that a group of people who increased their possession of goal objects (like education) would also increase in status. However, this study finds that an increase in education of African Americans has not affected their status from 1985 to 2004. In fact, living in a region with a higher proportion of African Americans with college degrees actually lowers the percentage of African American confidants chosen. The results of this paper do not concur with the predictions of status construction …

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Reproductive Strategies And Colony Relatedness In The Invasive Ponerine Ant Pachycondyla Chinensis (Emery), Andrew Tebeau Aug 2009

Reproductive Strategies And Colony Relatedness In The Invasive Ponerine Ant Pachycondyla Chinensis (Emery), Andrew Tebeau

All Theses

Pachycondyla chinensis (Emery) (Formicidae: Ponerinae), is an ancestral ant introduced from Asia. It is considered a pest species of medical and ecological concern. Since its initial 1932 documentation occurring in three Southeastern U.S. states at relatively low frequencies, the invasion of P. chinensis has spread to at least three additional states in discontinuously widespread populations that are locally abundant. Little is known about P. chinensis population structure and reproduction, and an investigation into these strategies offers insight into the means by which this pest species proliferates, and ultimately, can assist in the design of management strategies. The objectives of this …

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Acceleration Of Spiking Neural Networks On Multicore Architectures, Rommel Jalasutram Aug 2009

Acceleration Of Spiking Neural Networks On Multicore Architectures, Rommel Jalasutram

All Theses

The human cortex is the seat of learning and cognition. Biological scale
implementations of cortical models have the potential to provide significantly more
power problem solving capabilities than traditional computing algorithms. The large
scale implementation and design of these models has attracted significant attention
recently. High performance implementations of the models are needed to enable such
large scale designs. This thesis examines the acceleration of the spiking neural network
class of cortical models on several modern multicore processors. These include the
Izhikevich, Wilson, Morris-Lecar, and Hodgkin-Huxley models. The architectures
examined are the STI Cell, Sun UltraSPARC T2+, and Intel Xeon …

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The Inside Outside Hospital, Robert Thompson Aug 2009

The Inside Outside Hospital, Robert Thompson

All Theses

This thesis examines how the historical development of healthcare architecture was influenced by social and cultural forces that eventually led to the contemporary thick building form, which is common today. These settings can have a negative impact upon patient and staff health, compromising the optimal medical response needed for patient healing. The hospital environment should be designed to increase day lighting, natural ventilation, and access to nature in order to contribute to the healing process, support the health of care providers, and optimize their effectiveness and efficiency.
This thesis first explores the development of hospital forms and, their impact on …

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The Characterization, Isolation, And Fractionation Of Natural Organic Matter From Three Surface Waters, Olivia Orr Aug 2009

The Characterization, Isolation, And Fractionation Of Natural Organic Matter From Three Surface Waters, Olivia Orr

All Theses

The main objective of this study was to gain insight to the principles of isolation of natural organic matter (NOM) using reverse osmosis (RO) and subsequent fractionation using resin adsorption chromatography (RAC). Specifically, this study evaluated the RO and RAC methods for NOM characterization from three surface waters with varying physiochemical characteristics. Efficiency of RO was assessed by closing mass balances for dissolve organic carbon (DOC). Mass balances were also closed for dissolved nitrogen (DN), bromide (Br-), nitrate (NO3-), total calcium (Ca), total potassium (K), total manganese (Mn), total iron (Fe), total magnesium (Mg), total aluminum (Al), total copper (Cu), …

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Accuracy And Multi-Core Performance Of Machine Learning Algorithms For Handwritten Character Recognition, Sumod Mohan Aug 2009

Accuracy And Multi-Core Performance Of Machine Learning Algorithms For Handwritten Character Recognition, Sumod Mohan

All Theses

There have been considerable developments in the quest for intelligent machines since the beginning of the cybernetics revolution and the advent of computers. In the last two decades with the onset of the internet the developments have been extensive. This quest for building intelligent machines have led into research on the working of human brain, which has in turn led to the development of pattern recognition models which take inspiration in their structure and performance from biological neural networks. Research in creating intelligent systems poses two main problems. The first one is to develop algorithms which can generalize and predict …

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The Effect Of Relative Humidity On The Microbial Barrier Properties Of Porous Packaging Materials Used In The Medical Device Industry, Jennifer Blocher Aug 2009

The Effect Of Relative Humidity On The Microbial Barrier Properties Of Porous Packaging Materials Used In The Medical Device Industry, Jennifer Blocher

All Theses

Porous packaging materials, such as medical-grade paper and Tyvek¨, are used often by the medical device industry for packaging sterile devices when the products are sterilized post packaging. Their use can be attributed to the fact that multiple sterilization methods require the ability for vapors to enter and/or exit the package efficiently, while simultaneously reducing the amount of microbes entering the package. Much research as been done to study the effects of multiple material and environmental factors, such as material structure and dispersion concentration, on the microbial barrier properties of these materials, however no research had been conducted to examine …

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Effects Of Parasitism And Soil Compaction On Pupation Behavior Of The Green Bottle Fly Lucilia Sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Jonathan Cammack Aug 2009

Effects Of Parasitism And Soil Compaction On Pupation Behavior Of The Green Bottle Fly Lucilia Sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Jonathan Cammack

All Theses

Although the pupation behavior of blow flies has been widely studied, my work is the first to examine the effects of parasitoids and soil compaction on pupation behavior. The objectives of my research were to provide insight into a host-parasitoid system involving Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and to develop a predictive model of pupation depth for L. sericata, with respect to soil compaction. Two experiments were conducted examining the effects of parasitoids and soil compaction on the pupation behavior of L. sericata. In all experiments, larvae of L. sericata were introduced to containers …

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Phenomenological Investigation Of The Effectiveness Of A Cooperative Problem-Based Laboratory And A Metacognitive Problem-Solving Exercise, Todd Gatlin Aug 2009

Phenomenological Investigation Of The Effectiveness Of A Cooperative Problem-Based Laboratory And A Metacognitive Problem-Solving Exercise, Todd Gatlin

All Theses

Problem-solving has been described by many as the most important goal of chemistry teaching and learning. Solving real problems requires not only cognitive abilities but also a regulation of those abilities-metacognition. In fact, metacognition is recognized as having considerable impact on problem-solving success and learning. Recent research focused on the development of interventions designed to enhance the use of metacognition. The main objective of this study was to determine 'how' and 'why' two interventions were effective in increasing students' metacognitive use, and problem-solving abilities. Therefore, this study represents the qualitative portion of a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study; Qualitative evidence was …

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Deploying And Maintaining A Campus Grid At Clemson University, Dru Sepulveda Aug 2009

Deploying And Maintaining A Campus Grid At Clemson University, Dru Sepulveda

All Theses

Many institutions have all the tools needed to create a local grid that aggregates commodity compute resources into an accessible grid service, while simultaneously maintaining user satisfaction and system security. In this thesis, the author presents a three-tiered strategy used at Clemson University to deploy and maintain a grid infrastructure by making resources available to both local and federated remote users for scientific research. Using this approach virtually no compute cycles are wasted. Usage trends and power consumption statistics collected from the Clemson campus grid are used as a reference for best-practices. The loosely-coupled components that comprise the campus grid …

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Relationships Between Impervious Surfaces And Surface Water Quality In Hunnicutt Creek Watershed, Clemson, South Carolina, Swaros Dumrichob Aug 2009

Relationships Between Impervious Surfaces And Surface Water Quality In Hunnicutt Creek Watershed, Clemson, South Carolina, Swaros Dumrichob

All Theses

Hunnicutt Creek watershed drains to the eastern edge of Clemson University campus. The landscape of this part of campus changes from a natural park like botanical garden to one dominated by academic buildings. The campus area has changed in time as well with increasing impervious areas such as roads, parking lots, roof tops and decreasing the amount of forested land leaded to the impairment of water quality in this creek. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between water quality indicators and percent imperviousness at a watershed level. Eight sampling sites were assigned at each sub-watershed within …

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Seasonal Differences In Leaf-Level Physiology Give Lianas A Competitive Advantage Over Trees In A Tropical Seasonal Forest, Zhi-Quan Cai, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Frans Bongers Aug 2009

Seasonal Differences In Leaf-Level Physiology Give Lianas A Competitive Advantage Over Trees In A Tropical Seasonal Forest, Zhi-Quan Cai, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Frans Bongers

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Lianas are an important component of most tropical forests, where they vary in abundance from high in seasonal forests to low in aseasonal forests. We tested the hypothesis that the physiological ability of lianas to fix carbon (and thus grow) during seasonal drought may confer a distinct advantage in seasonal tropical forests, which may explain pan-tropical liana distributions. We compared a range of leaf-level physiological attributes of 18 co-occurring liana and 16 tree species during the wet and dry seasons in a tropical seasonal forest in Xishuangbanna, China. We found that, during the wet season, lianas had significantly higher CO …

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Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, And The Social Maintenance Of Heterosexuality, Kristen Schilt, Laurel Westbrook Aug 2009

Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, And The Social Maintenance Of Heterosexuality, Kristen Schilt, Laurel Westbrook

Peer Reviewed Articles

This article brings together two case studies that examine how non-transgender people, “gender normals,” interact with transgender people to highlight the connections between doing gender and heteronormativity. By contrasting public and private interactions that range from nonsexual to sexualized to sexual, the authors show how gender and sexuality are inextricably tied together. The authors demonstrate that the criteria for membership in a gender category are significantly different in social versus (hetero)sexual circumstances. While gender is presumed to reflect biological sex in all social interactions, the importance of doing gender in a way that represents the shape of one’s genitals is …

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Does Organic Modification Of Layered Double Hydroxides Improve The Fire Performance Of Pmma?, Calistor Nyambo, Dan Chen, Shengpei Shu, Charles A. Wilkie Aug 2009

Does Organic Modification Of Layered Double Hydroxides Improve The Fire Performance Of Pmma?, Calistor Nyambo, Dan Chen, Shengpei Shu, Charles A. Wilkie

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The effect of modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on fire properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) is investigated. Organically-modified LDHs were prepared via rehydration of calcined hydrotalcite in a palmitate solution. Composites consisting of the organo-LDHs, unmodified hydrotalcite and calcined oxides were prepared with poly(methyl methacrylate) using melt blending. Thermal and fire properties of the (nano)composites were studied. The thermogravimetric analyses of the composites show an increase in thermal stability. Fire performance, evaluated using cone calorimetry, show that organically-modified LDHs composites give the best reductions in peak heat release rate, PHRR, i.e., 51% at 10% weight loading. Dispersion of the LDHs was …

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Effect Of Environmental Density And Buoyancy On Growth And Gravitropic Response In Maize Roots, Jessy Robbins Aug 2009

Effect Of Environmental Density And Buoyancy On Growth And Gravitropic Response In Maize Roots, Jessy Robbins

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The mechanism by which plants sense gravity is not fully understood. The statolith theory states that plants sense gravity based on the sedimentation of starch granules called statoliths. However, not all plants contain statoliths. The hydrostatic model was proposed to explain gravitropic sensing in systems which lack statoliths. This model states that the gravity sensor in a plant cell is the entire protoplast; gravitropic sensing depends on the buoyancy of the protoplast relative to the density of its external environment. The ability of maize roots to sense gravity when grown in media of differing densities is examined in these studies. …

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Spiny Lobsters Use Urine-Borne Olfactory Signaling And Physical Aggressive Behaviors To Influence Social Status Of Conspecifics, Shkelzen Shabani, Michiya Kamio, Charles D. Derby Aug 2009

Spiny Lobsters Use Urine-Borne Olfactory Signaling And Physical Aggressive Behaviors To Influence Social Status Of Conspecifics, Shkelzen Shabani, Michiya Kamio, Charles D. Derby

Peer Reviewed Articles

Decapod crustaceans, like many other animals, engage in agonistic behaviors that enhance their ability to compete for resources with conspecifics. These agonistic behaviors include the release of chemical signals as well as physical aggressive and submissive behaviors. In this study, we report that Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, use both urine-borne chemical signaling and physical aggressive behaviors during interactions with conspecifics, and that these agonistic behaviors can influence the behavior and eventual social status of the interactants. Spiny lobsters that engaged primarily in physical aggressive behaviors became dominant, whereas spiny lobsters that received these physical aggressive behaviors responded with …

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Projected Climate Change Effects On Nuthatch Distribution And Diversity Across Asia, Shaily Menon, M. Zafar-Ul Islam, A. Townsend Peterson Aug 2009

Projected Climate Change Effects On Nuthatch Distribution And Diversity Across Asia, Shaily Menon, M. Zafar-Ul Islam, A. Townsend Peterson

Peer Reviewed Publications

We used ecological niche modeling approaches to explore climate change implications for one family of birds, the Sittidae, in Asia. Quantitative niche models based on present-day distributions for each of 13 species were projected onto future climate change scenarios. Species’ potential distributional areas tended to be predicted to retract along their fringes, and at lower elevations along mountain ranges. As observed in other studies, montane systems were relatively more robust to the horizontal effects of climate change on species’ distributions compared to flatland systems, so range contractions were focused in Southeast Asia and peninsular India.

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Social Networks, Social Identities, And Mindset Of At-Risk College Students, Troy A. Romero Aug 2009

Social Networks, Social Identities, And Mindset Of At-Risk College Students, Troy A. Romero

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Success in higher education is typically measured by retention and graduation, and traditionally the students who are least likely to succeed are at-risk students. At-risk students are characterized by one or more of the following: being from underrepresented ethnicities and cultures, having low socioeconomic status, being educated in poorly funded primary and secondary education systems, being first-generation college students, or being otherwise marginalized in society. This study was designed to test how at-risk students differ from other students in terms of the size of their academic social networks, the strength of their academic identities, and their mindset, and to what …

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A Computational Study Of The Effects Of Temperature Variation On Turtle Egg Development, Sex Determination, And Population Dynamics, Amy L. Parrott Aug 2009

A Computational Study Of The Effects Of Temperature Variation On Turtle Egg Development, Sex Determination, And Population Dynamics, Amy L. Parrott

Department of Mathematics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Climate change and its effects on ecosystems is a major concern. For certain animal species, especially those that exhibit what is known as temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), temperature variations pose a possibly serious threat (Valenzuela and Lance, 2004). In these species, temperature, and not chromosomes, determines the sex of the animal (Valenzuela and Lance, 2004). It is conceivable therefore, that if the temperature changes to favor only one sex, then dire consequences for their populations could occur. In this dissertation, we examine possible effects that climate change may have upon Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta), a species with TSD. We investigate …

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A Cembranoid From Tobacco Prevents The Expression Of Nicotineinduced Withdrawal Behavior In Planarian Worms, Oné R. Pagán, Amanda L. Rowlands, Angela L. Fattore, Tamara Coudron, Kimberly R. Urban, Apurva H. Bidja, Vesna A. Eterović Aug 2009

A Cembranoid From Tobacco Prevents The Expression Of Nicotineinduced Withdrawal Behavior In Planarian Worms, Oné R. Pagán, Amanda L. Rowlands, Angela L. Fattore, Tamara Coudron, Kimberly R. Urban, Apurva H. Bidja, Vesna A. Eterović

Biology Faculty Publications

Using an adaptation of published behavioral protocols, we determined that acute exposure to the cholinergic compounds nicotine and carbamylcholine decreased planarian motility in a concentration-dependent manner. A tobacco cembranoid (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-cembra-2,7,11- triene-4,6-diol (4R-cembranoid), also decreased planarian motility. Experiments in the presence of 1 μM 4R-cembranoid did increase the IC50 for nicotine- but not carbamylcholine-induced decrease in planarian motility. When planarians were exposed for 24 h to either nicotine or carbamylcholine at concentrations near their respective IC50 values and then transferred to plain media, nicotineexposed, but not carbamylcholine- or cembranoid-exposed worms displayed withdrawal-like distress behaviors. In experiments where planarians were pre-exposed to …

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Structural Role Of Pseudouridines In The Peptidyl Transferase Center Of Human 28s Ribosomal Rna, Chris Mart Aug 2009

Structural Role Of Pseudouridines In The Peptidyl Transferase Center Of Human 28s Ribosomal Rna, Chris Mart

All Theses

The human ribosome is an RNA-protein complex responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. Crystal structures of bacterial ribosomes solved to date depict no protein sidechains within the catalytic core, or peptidyl transferase center (PTC). This region of the human ribosome comprises approximately 230 highly conserved nucleotides. Notably, several of the uridine bases clustered within the human PTC are post-transcriptionally modified to pseudouridines, as compared with bacterial analogues. Pseudouridines are base-rotated uridines, linked to their sugar moieties through C5-C1' linkages, affording additional hydrogen-bond donor groups at the N1 position of their rings. A connection was recently made between the absence …

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