Digital Commons Network^™

Aral Sea: Water Level, Salinity And Long-Term Changes In Biological Communities Of An Endangered Ecosystem-Past, Present And Future, Nickolay V. Aladin, Igor S. Plotnikov, Philip Micklin, Thomas Ballatore

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

The Aral Sea, which before 1960 was the fourth largest lake in the world, has now split into four separate water bodies. This break-up and desiccation mainly resulted from upstream irrigation withdrawals from the two main influent rivers, the Syr Darya and and Amu Darya. The negative effects on the lake ecosystem due to declining water level and increasing salinity, as well as the profound socioeconomic and human impacts to the riparian populations, have been well documented. This paper focuses on the conservation and rehabilitation efforts for four remaining key water bodies of the Aral Sea: the Northern (Small) Aral …

Characterization Of A Eukaryotic Picoplankton Alga, Strain Dgn-Z1, Isolated From A Soda Lake In Inner Mongolia, China, Kong Fanjing, Jia Qinxian, Er Jia, Zheng Mianping

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

Dagenoer Soda Lake is located on the Xilinhaote plateau in Inner Mongolia at an elevation of 1289 m. Blooms of one predominant kind of picoplankton algae were found in the lake throughout the year. A strain of this picoplankton alga, designated DGN-Z1, was isolated in axenic culture. Its cells are spherical or oval, 2-3 in diameter; it grows optimally at 0.5-1 M NaCl, and tolerates pH values from 7 to 12. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence similarity of the 18S rRNA gene suggested that it belongs to the green algal species Picocystis salinarum.

Effects Of Mining On A Salt Lake In The Western Australia Goldfields, Bindy M. Datson

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

No abstract provided.

Study Of The Saline Lakes Of The Esperance Hinterland, Western Australia, With Special Reference To The Roles Of Acidity And Episodicity, Brian V. Timms

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

Most saline lakes are alkaline, but acid ground waters in some southern areas in Western Australia cause some to have pHs as low as 3. Their fauna is severely restricted to an endemic brine shrimp (Paratemia sp.), a copepod Calamoecia trilobata, and two species of ostracods, including Australocypris bennetti. Nearby alkaline salt lakes show an attenuating fauna with increasing salinity with dominance by various crustaceans particularly Paratemia spp., various ostracods, copepods, Daphnia (Daphniopsis) truncata, Haloniscus searlei and snails including Coxiella glauerti, as is typical in salinas in southern Australia. When both types of lakes fill with episodic rain, their salinity …

Waterbirds Of The Saline Lakes Of The Paroo, Arid-Zone Australia: A Review With Special Reference To Diversity And Conservation, Brian V. Timms

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

About sixty species of waterbird live in the Paroo area of Australia and most of these have been recorded on its 150+ saline lakes of various salinities and sizes. Unlike water plants, invertebrates and fish, avian species richness is hardly influenced by salinity in the Paroo, although the data suggest that richness might be lower in hypersaline lakes. Common species at salinities , 30 g/l include Eurasian coot, Black swan, Pink-eared duck, Grey teal, and Australian pelican while at salinities > 100 g/l Red-necked avocets and stilts are common. Because saline lakes generally have more abundant food than freshwater lakes, waterbirds …

Effect Of Salt On Germination Of Samphire Species, Jacqueline E. Purvis, Bindy Datson, Kathy Meney, Jen Mccomb, Mark Coleman

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

Nine Halosarcia plant species from Lake Carey, Western Australia, were tested to determine the effect of salt on seed germination. These species were Halosarcia 'Angel Fish Island' (B. Davey 4) Halosarcia calyptrata Paul G. Wilson, Halosarcia halocnemoides (Nees) Paul G. Wilson, Halosarcia peltata Paul G. Wilson, Halosarcia pergranulata (J. M. Black) Paul G. Wilson, Halosarcia undulata Paul G. Wilson. All species were subjected to salt concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 30 g/l NaCl both in the laboratory in Petri dishes and under outdoor conditions, wither buried or on the surface of soil from the lake margin. The nine species …

Oxygen Production And Use In Benthic Mats Of Solar Salt Ponds, Mark U. Coleman

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

The benthic mat in the ponds of solar salt producers is important because as a beneficial effect, the mat reduces loss of brine from the field but it unfortunately also supports species which can have a serious detrimental effect on the halite crystallization process. Anaerobic and aerobic activity of the mat which is thought to be a significant factor in the management of the salt field is not quantified by traditional monitoring methods. A method of measuring the generation of oxygen from benthic algal mats, tested in the north west of Western Australia at three solar salt fields has been …

Microbial Diversity And Microbial Abundance In Salt-Saturated Brines: Why Are The Waters Of Hypersaline Lakes Red?, Aharon Oren

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

Salt-saturated lakes such as the North Arm of Great Salt Lake and saltern crystallizer ponds contain 10-10 and more red microorganisms ml-1. Even the Dead Sea occasionally turns red due to microbial blooms. Three types of organisms may contribute to the coloration: the alga Dunaliella salina rich in carotene, halophilic Archaea (family Halobacteriaceae) containing 50-carbon bacterioruberin carotenoids and sometimes also retinal proteins (bacteriorhodopsin, halorhodopsin), and the recently discovered Salinibacter (Bacteroidetes) which contains pigment salinixanthin (an unusual acylated C40-carotenoid glucoside) as well as different retinal pigments. Bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin enable the cells to directly use light energy for respectively the outward …

Microbial Communities In Salt Lakes: Phylogenetic Diversity, Metabolic Diversity, And In Situ Activities, Aharon Oren, Bonnie K. Baxter, Bart C. Weimer

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

A roundtable discussion was held on Monday, 12 May 2008, following the sessions on 'Microorganisms in Hypersaline Environments' at the 10th Conference on Salt Lake Research & 2008 FRIENDS of Great Salt Lake Issues Forum, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Among the aspects discussed were: 1. The gap between our knowledge of the microorganisms isolated in culture and the true microbial diversity as apparent when using culture-independent techniques, in most cases based on the characterization of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes; 2. The metabolic diversity of the microorganisms inhabiting saline and hypersaline lakes and the lack of information to …

Population-Specific Marker Within The Superspecies Artemia Fanciscana, Stefania Maniatsi, Athanasios D. Baxevanis, Kalliopi Vasileiadou, Ilias Kappas, Theodore J. Abatzopoulos

Natural Resources and Environmental Issues

No abstract provided.

Doctor Vs. Priest: Urban Planning And Reform In Vetusta. Leopoldo Alas’S La Regenta, Anne W. Gilfoil

Decimonónica

At the end of the eighteenth century, new theories about disease transmission would have an enormous effect on city planning. The miasma theory challenged the old contact infection model of contagion. Disease transmission was no longer direct as in person-to- person contagion; it was, rather, the result of exposure to certain conditions in the atmosphere. Emanations from the earth produced by decomposing bodies and excrement poisoned the air and transmitted disease (Corbin 13–32). The miasma theory left a deep imprint on popular imagination. In a study of Madrid, published as late as 1902, the public health expert Philiph Hauser spoke …

University Place, Amy Speach, Uyen Nguyen, Feride Yalav, Jay Cox, Judy Holmes, Kelly Homan Rodoski, David Marc, Hanna Dubansky

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Agricultural Crisis And Biological Well-Being In Mexico, 1730-1835, Amilcar Challú

History Faculty Publications

The article examines how adverse climatic conditions and high food prices influenced the opportunities of peasants in pre-industrial Mexico between 1730 and 1835. Particular attention is paid to data of soldier heights, global climate events, warm-season tree growth, and real food prices to determine how these factors may have affected urban and rural populations. Declines were seen in the general standard of living and average height, while the cost of food increased. It is argued that distribution and acquisition of food has an equal influence on biological well-being as the availability of food at any specific given time.

The Influence Of Artificial Reef Associated Fish Assemblages And Varying Substrates On Coral Recruitment, T. Patrick Quinn

HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations

This study examined enhancing coral recruitment to artificial substrate by manipulating fish assemblages and the use of coral attractant substrates. One hundred sixty artificial reef modules were organized into 40 four-module replicate configurations (quads) of varying complexity to induce different fish assemblages. The deployment array consisted of the 40 quads, each in a square configuration with three to four-meter sides (approximately 1 m separation between modules) measured from the outside corners. The quads were divided into four fill treatments of differing complexity: Empty, Small, Mixed, and Large. Each quad had four potential coral attractant treatments on settlement plates: CaCO3, iron, …

New Perspectives On Ecological Mechanisms Affecting Coral Recruitment On Reefs, Raphael Ritson-Williams, Suzanne N. Arnold, Nicole D. Fogarty, Robert S. Steneck, Mark J. A. Vermeij, Valerie J. Paul

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Coral mortality has increased in recent decades, making coral recruitment more important than ever in sustaining coral reef ecosystems and contributing to their resilience. This review summarizes existing information on ecological factors affecting scleractinian coral recruitment. Successful recruitment requires the survival of coral offspring through sequential life history stages. Larval availability, successful settlement, and post-settlement survival and growth are all necessary for the addition of new coral individuals to a reef and ultimately maintenance or recovery of coral reef ecosystems. As environmental conditions continue to become more hostile to corals on a global scale, further research on fertilization ecology, connectivity, …

Full Issue, Number 30, Fall 2009

Intersections

No abstract provided.

Between Suspicion And Trust, Ahmed Afzaal

Intersections

No abstract provided.

Medicine@Yale November/December 2009 Volume 5, Issue 5, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Tthe Immature Stages And Natural History Of Antirrhea Adoptiva Porphyrosticta (Watkins, 1928) In Eastern Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Morphinae), Harold F. Greeney, Philip J. Devries, Carla M. Penz, Rafael B. Granizo-T, Heidi Connahs, John O. Stireman Iii, Thomas R. Walla, Lee A. Dyer

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Here we describe the immature stages and ecological associations of Antirrhea adoptiva porphyrosticta Watkins, 1928 (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae:Morphinae). The cloud forest bamboo, Chusquea scandens Kunth (Bambusoidea: Poaceae), serves as the larval food plant for this butterfly in eastern Ecuador, the first hostplant record for Antirrhea outside the family Arecaceae. The larvae of A. adoptiva porphyrosticta are superficially similar to those of other Antirrhea species. We also provide observations on adult and larval behavior. Caterpillars of this butterfly species are parasitized by tachinid flies, as well as by Ichneumonidae and a newly described braconid wasp.

Viability Of Subitaneous Eggs Of The Copepod, Acartia Tonsa (Dana), Following Exposure To Various Cryoprotectants And Hypersaline Water, Cortney L. Ohsa, Andrew L. Rhyne, Erik Stenn

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Subitaneous eggs were obtained from monocultures of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana), Gulf of Mexico strain. Eggs were exposed to methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine, and DMSO at 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 M and hypersaline water at 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 g/L. Treatments were evaluated after 10 and 20 min of exposure and at 4 and 26 °C. Viability (percent hatched) was determined after 24 h of incubation in 35 g/L saltwater at 26 °C.

Methanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerine had high viability up to 2M, and all experienced large decreases at 5M …

United States V. Benkahla: Illustrating The Need For Reform - The Fourth Circuit's Unprecedented Application Of The United States Sentencing Guideline Terrorism Enhancement To An Obstruction Of Justice Conviction, Steven A. Book

Maryland Law Review Online

No abstract provided.

Seal Bounties In Maine And Massachusetts, 1888 To 1962, Barbarai Lelli, David Harris Ph.D, Aboueissa Abouel-Makarim

Faculty Publications

Maine and Massachusetts paid bounties on seals during the 19th and 20th centuries. To determine the number of seals killed for bounty, we examined historical records of bounty claims, and used geographic information systems and multiple linear regression to find predictors of places where large numbers of bounties were paid. We found records of 24,831 bounties paid in Maine (1891-1945) and 15,690 in Massachusetts (1888-1962), Considering possible fraud, missing data, and seals struck and lost, this suggests that 72,284 to 135,498 seals were killed in the bounty hunt, probably enough to account for regional declines in seal populations. Larger numbers …

Why So Slow: A Comparative View Of Women's Political Leadership, Paula A. Monopoli

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The Past And Future Of The Separation Of Human Rights Into Categories, Stephen P. Marks

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

International Family Law, Robert G. Spector, Bradley C. Lechman-Su

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

China, Adam Bobrow, Paul Jones, Robin Gerofsky Kaptzan, Jin Ma, Thomas P. Redick

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Eco-Bio-Social Factors Of Vector Density-Developing Effective Approaches To Dengue Control In The Philippines, Jesusa Marco

SDRC Publications

No abstract provided.

Co Chemisorption On The Surfaces Of The Golden Cages, Wei Huang, Satya S. Bulusu, Rhitankar Pal, Xiao Cheng Zeng, Lai-Sheng Wang

Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications

We report a joint experimental and theoretical study of CO chemisorption on the golden cages. We find that the Au_{17 ⁻} cage is highly robust and retains its cage structure in Au_{17 ⁻} (CO)⁻. On the other hand, the Au_{16 ⁻} cage is transformed to a structure similar to Au_{17 ⁻} upon the adsorption of CO. Au_{18 ⁻} is known to consist of two nearly degenerate structures, i.e., a cage and a pyramidal isomer, which coexist in the cluster beam. However, upon CO chemisorption only the cage isomer is observed while the pyramidal …

Advances In The Study Of Marine Mammal Predator-Prey Interactions: A Novel Real-Time Visualization Of Independently Collected Echosounder Data Using Geozui4d, Roland J. Arsenault, Ari S. Friedlaender, Elliott L. Hazen, Colin Ware, David N. Wiley

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

The Dilemma Of Disappearing Diatoms: Incorporating Diatom Dissolution Data Into Paleoenvironmental Modeling And Reconstruction, David B. Ryves, Richard W. Battarbee, Sherilyn C. Fritz

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Taphonomic issues pose fundamental challenges for Quaternary scientists to recover environmental signals from biological proxies and make accurate inferences of past environments. The problem of microfossil preservation, specifically diatom dissolution, remains an important, but often overlooked, source of error in both qualitative and quantitative reconstructions of key variables from fossil samples, especially those using relative abundance data. A first step to tackling this complex issue is establishing an objective method of assessing preservation (here, diatom dissolution) that can be applied by different analysts and incorporated into routine counting strategies. Here, we establish a methodology for assessment of diatom dissolution under …