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Henry Sears (1913–1982), George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Henry Sears led a remarkably varied life centered on a love of sailing, racing and fishing. Even as a youngster he spent considerable time at sea because he had asthma and in those days sea air was considered beneficial for one with that ailment. He owned a Swampscott Dory at the age of eight and soon afterwards was sailing a 30-footer from Boston to the Maine coast. His education was unusual. It seems that he was dyslexic, although at the time of his birth dyslexia was not identified as such. During his childhood his family spent three months of the …

Floral Patterns In The California Current: The Coastal-Offshore Boundary Zone, E. L. Venrick

Journal of Marine Research

This study quantified the vertical distributions of 294 taxa of phytoplankton from 112 samples in a vertical section across the California Current system off Southern California. The goal was to examine the relationship between coastal and offshore floras throughout the euphotic zone. The two associations were distinct throughout the upper 140 m. The coastal flora was found in water adjacent to and east of the Santa Rosa Ridge. The offshore flora occurred west of the California Current, and also at the station immediately east of the current, presumably the result of upstream entrainment across it. Both coastal and offshore floras …

Rossby Wave Radiation From An Eastward Jet And Its Recirculations, Genta Mizuta

Journal of Marine Research

A series of numerical experiments is carried out to investigate in detail the properties of the variability radiated from a baroclinic jet and its recirculations. Driven by an inflow from the western boundary, an eastward jet and two recirculation gyres are formed in the statistically steady state. The variability of velocity away from the recirculation gyres is as strong as that near the jet at deeper depths, and the structure of this velocity variability was analysed by using the technique of Frequency-Domain Empirical Orthogonal Functions (FDEOFs). Motions represented by the first FDEOFs consist of the barotropic Rossby waves of various …

Dynamics Of The Indonesian Seas Circulation. Part Ii – The Role Of Pressure Head, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Kieran T. A. O'Driscoll, Dmitri A. Nechaev

Journal of Marine Research

The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the pressure head, i.e., the difference of total pressure forces acting on the Indonesian seas waters from the western Pacific and the eastern Indian Ocean, in driving the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and in determining the total transport of the ITF. These questions have been discussed in the literature but no consensus has been reached. A regional model of the Indonesian seas circulation has been developed that properly resolves all major topographic features in the region. The results of model runs have been used to calculate all components of the …

Winter Advection Of Iron Can Explain The Summer Phytoplankton Bloom That Extends 1000 Km Downstream Of The Kerguelen Plateau In The Southern Ocean, M. M. Mongin, E. R. Abraham, T. W. Trull

Journal of Marine Research

The predominantly low-chlorophyll conditions of the Southern Ocean are punctuated by regions of elevated phytoplankton biomass, including a bloom in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) that extends for 1000 km downstream of the Kerguelen-Heard islands. Summer-time studies have demonstrated that iron from the islands and intervening shallow plateau (300–600 m) fuels localized production. Whether this supply, or alternatively iron brought to the surface by enhanced mixing in ACC eddies, drives the more extensive downstream bloom has not been addressed. We show that the extent and shape of the downstream bloom can be reproduced by simulating the winter-time spread of a …

Deep Cyclogenesis By Synoptic Eddies Interacting With A Seamount, Andrew D. Greene, Georgi G. Sutyrin, D. Randolph Watts

Journal of Marine Research

Strong deep eddies with cyclonic vorticity greater than 0.2 f₀ were detected using an array of bottom current and pressure measurements in the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) in 2004–2006. Daily maps showed these deep eddies developed locally. As in the Gulf Stream, meandering of the upper baroclinic jet generates deep cyclones and anticyclones by stretching and squashing the lower water column. However, unlike the Gulf Stream, the smaller vertical stretching and greater water depth in the Kuroshio Extension limits the relative vorticity generated by this vertical coupling process to about 0.1 f₀. In the deep Kuroshio …

Intermittent Layering In The Atlantic Equatorial Deep Jets, Claire Ménesguen, Bach Lien Hua, Mark D. Fruman, Richard Schopp

Journal of Marine Research

Equatorial observations in the Atlantic show three distinct vertical scales: quasi-barotropic eastward Extra-Equatorial Jets (EEJ), Equatorial Deep Jets (EDJ) of scale 500–800 m, and a smaller scale signal (50–100 m) of thin layers of well-mixed tracer fields. In the combined system of jets, westward EDJ correspond to zero-Potential Vorticity (PV) "niches," inside of which most of the thin well-mixed layers are found. Because of its correlation with zero-PV niches, the formation of layers is interpreted as due to inertial instability. The latter encompasses inertial barotropic instability due to meridional shear (either steady or parametric), baroclinic symmetric instability due to sloping …

Dynamics Of The Combined Extra-Equatorial And Equatorial Deep Jets In The Atlantic, Claire Ménesguen, Bach Lien Hua, Mark D. Fruman, Richard Schopp

Journal of Marine Research

The available meridional sections of zonal velocity with high vertical and meridional resolution reveal tall eastward jets at 2N and 2S, named the extra-equatorial jets (EEJ), straddling the stacked eastward and westward jets of smaller vertical scales right at the equator, the so-called equatorial deep jets (EDJ). In contrast to the semi-annual to interannual fluctuations in the zonal velocity component, the measured meridional velocity component is dominated by intraseasonal period. We argue here that the formation mechanism for both types of jets is linked to the intraseasonal variability in meridional velocity and the associated wave motions. A process study is …

Deep Chlorophyll Maximum And Upper Ocean Structure Interactions: Case Of The Guinea Thermal Dome, Olaf Duteil, Alban Lazar, Yves Dandonneau, Ilana Wainer, Christophe Menkes

Journal of Marine Research

Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) modifies the upper ocean heat capture distribution and thus impacts water column temperature and stratification, as well as biogeochemical processes. This energetical role of the DCM is assessed using a 1 m-resolution 1D physical-biogeochemical model of the upper ocean, using climatological forcing conditions of the Guinea Dome (GD). This zone has been chosen among others because a strong and shallow DCM is present all year round. The results show that the DCM warms the seasonal thermocline by +2°C in September/October and causes an increase of heat transfer from below into the mixed layer (ML) by vertical …

Perturbation Dynamics Of A Planktonic Ecosystem, Katherine Healey, Adam H. Monahan, Debby Ianson

Journal of Marine Research

Planktonic ecosystems provide a key mechanism for the transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to the deep ocean via the so-called "biological pump." Mathematical models of these ecosystems have been used to predict CO₂ uptake in surface waters at particular locations, and more recently have been embedded in global climate models. While the equilibrium properties of these models are well studied, less attention has been paid to their response to external perturbations, despite the fact that as a result of the variability of environmental forcing such ecosystems are rarely, if ever, in equilibrium. In this study, linear theory is …

The Future Evolution Of The Southern Ocean Co2 Sink, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Takamitsu Ito

Journal of Marine Research

We investigate the impact of century-scale climate changes on the Southern Ocean CO₂ sink using an idealized ocean general circulation and biogeochemical model. The simulations are executed under both constant and changing wind stress, freshwater fluxes, and atmospheric pCO₂, so as to separately analyze changes in natural and anthropogenic CO₂ fluxes under increasing wind stress and stratification. We find that the Southern Ocean sink for total contemporary CO₂ is weaker under increased wind stress and stratification by 2100, relative to a control run with no change in physical forcing, although the results are sensitive …

Evidence Of Infaunal Effects On Porewater Advection And Biogeochemistry In Permeable Sediments: A Proposed Infaunal Functional Group Framework, George G. Waldbusser, Roberta L. Marinelli

Journal of Marine Research

Bioturbating infauna significantly modify reaction and transport processes in permeable sediments, though most studies to date are limited in the scope of species examined. We conducted a comparative field study measuring density-dependent effects of six common bioturbating species on porewater advection and biogeochemistry, across three intertidal permeable sediment habitats. The species in this study are; head-down like deposit feeders (Abarenicola pacifica and Balanoglossus aurantiacus), surface deposit feeders (Diopatra cuprea and Onuphis jenneri) and gallery diffusers (Upogebia pugettensis and Neotrypaea californiensis). Tracer loss from gel diffusers was used to assess relative differences in porewater advection …

The Skirted Island: The Effect Of Topography On The Flow Around Planetary Scale Islands, Joseph Pedlosky, Roberto Iacono, Ernesto Napolitano, Karl Helfrich

Journal of Marine Research

The flow around planetary scale islands is examined when the island possesses a topographic skirt representing a steep continental shelf. The model is barotropic and governed by the shallow water equations and the motion is driven by a wind stress with a constant curl. The presence of the strong topographic "skirt" around the island vitiates the elegant Island Rule of Godfrey and the closed potential vorticity contours around the island produced by the topography allow a geostrophic, stationary mode to resonate with an amplitude that is limited only by dissipation. In the limit of weak forcing the outline of the …

Asymmetries In Tidal Flow Over A Seto Inland Sea Scour Pit, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, Xinyu Guo

Journal of Marine Research

Underway profiles of current velocity were combined with stationary profiles of temperature and salinity around a vertically mixed scour pit of the Seto Inland Sea throughout a semidiurnal tidal cycle. This was done with the purpose of determining (a) whether flood flow is asymmetric relative to ebb over a pit with weakly stratified conditions, and (b) whether there is a dynamic transition from frictionally dominated tidal flow to advectively dominated tidal flow over the pit. These questions arose from previous studies elsewhere under stratified water columns, in contrast to the unstratified conditions at the study site. Observations showed an acceleration …

Plankton Community Composition, Organic Carbon And Thorium-234 Particle Size Distributions, And Particle Export In The Sargasso Sea, H. S. Brew, S. B. Moran, M. W. Lomas, A. B. Burd

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of plankton community composition (eight planktonic groups), particle size-fractionated (10, 20, 53, 70, and 100-μm Nitex screens) distributions of organic carbon (OC) and ²³⁴Th, and particle export of OC and ²³⁴Th are reported over a seasonal cycle (2006–2007) from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series (BATS) site. Results indicate a convergence of the particle size distributions of OC and ²³⁴Th during the winter-spring bloom period (January–March, 2007). The observed convergence of these particle size distributions is directly correlated to the depth-integrated abundance of autotrophic pico-eukaryotes (r = 0.97, P < 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, Synechococcus (r = 0.85, P < 0.14). In addition, there are positive correlations between the sediment trap flux of OC and ²³⁴Th at 150 …

New Observations Of The Spreading And Variability Of The Antarctic Intermediate Water In The Atlantic, Claudia Schmid, Silvia L. Garzoli

Journal of Marine Research

The new and unique Argo data set currently available, in conjunction with other data previously collected, increases our understanding of the spreading of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the southern and tropical Atlantic Ocean and to verify previous results. The combination of velocity and salinity data collected with Argo floats verified the main patterns of circulation at intermediate (800 to 1100 dbar) depths. Interesting new features in the pathways are found: (1) the existence of a new, third, branch of westward to northwestward flow that is fed by the Benguela Current; (2) two pathways through which the water from the …

Intraseasonal Variability In The Makassar Strait Thermocline, Kandaga Pujiana, Arnold L. Gordon, Janet Sprintall, R. Dwi Susanto

Journal of Marine Research

Intraseasonal variability [ISV] in the Makassar Strait thermocline is examined through the analysis of along-channel flow, regional sea level anomaly and wind fields from January 2004 through November 2006. The dominant variability of 45–90 day in the Makassar Strait along-channel flow is horizontally and vertically coherent and exhibits vertical energy propagation. The majority of the Makassar ISV is uncoupled to the energy exerted by the local atmospheric ISV: instead the Makassar ISV is due to the combination of a remotely forced baroclinic wave radiating from Lombok Strait and deep reaching ISV originating in the Sulawesi Sea. Thermocline depth changes associated …

Temporal And Spatial Variation In Infaunal Community Structure In Physically Active Continental Shelf Sediments At A Long-Term Ecosystem Observatory (Leo-15) Off New Jersey, Usa, J. Frederick Grassle, Patricia A. Ramey, Rosemarie F. Petrecca

Journal of Marine Research

When the LEO-15 (Long-term Ecosystem Observatory at 15-m depth) research area was designated around Beach Haven Ridge (39°27.69′ N, 74°15.81′ W) in the early 1990's several stations were selected to reflect the different physical regimes and habitats present in a highly dynamic shelf environment. This study determined the composition, diversity, and abundance of infaunal communities at three contrasting stations on five dates in 1994–1995. A unique sampling scheme was used where a nested design was combined with targeted sampling by divers of benthic topographic habitat features, namely crests and troughs of sand ripples. The total number of taxa collected was …

Download Full Pdf Issue-Jefferson Translations, Vol. 4, No. 1, Winter 2009

Jefferson Translations

This issue includes the announcement of a prestigious $11.6M grant to study heart failure, a recap of the Center for Translational Medicine's 4th Annual Symposium, an update on hematology research in blood clots, a visit with Dr. Cheung the Nephrology Chief, faculty news, and the Leon Peris award winner.

Bulletin No. 39: Seaweeds Of Long Island Sound, Margaret "Peg" Stewart Van Patten, Dr. Charles Yarish

Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Arboretum Annual Report 2009, Connecticut College

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

A Cost Of Sexual Attractiveness To High-Fitness Females, Tristan A.F. Long, Alison Pischedda, Andrew D. Stewart, William R. Rice

Biology Faculty Publications

Adaptive mate choice by females is an important component of sexual selection in many species. The evolutionary consequences of male mate preferences, however, have received relatively little study, especially in the context of sexual conflict, where males often harm their mates. Here, we describe a new and counterintuitive cost of sexual selection in species with both male mate preference and sexual conflict via antagonistic male persistence: male mate choice for high fecundity females leads to a diminished rate of adaptive evolution by reducing the advantage to females of expressing beneficial genetic variation. We then use a Drosophila melanogaster model system …

Koiné 2009, Connecticut College

Connecticut College Yearbooks

This is a digitized version of Koiné, the student yearbook of Connecticut College. It has been divided into sections for ease of access.

To download a copy of the entire book, use the "full-text" link - these files are large and may take some time.

Taylor: A Magazine For Taylor University Alumni, Parents And Friends (Winter 2009), Taylor University

The Taylor Magazine (1963-Present)

The Winter 2009 edition of Taylor Magazine, published by Taylor University in Upland, Indiana.

Annual Report, 2008-2009, Ammerman Center, Connecticut College

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Running Cars, Constitutions And Metaphors Into The Ground, Mark A. Graber

Faculty Scholarship

Professor Sanford Levinson frequently analogizes the Constitution of the United States to a vehicle that desperately needs repairs. “[R]elying on the present Constitution.” he writes, “is similar to driving a car with very bad brakes and slick tires.” Much commentary on Our Undemocratic Constitution implicitly challenges the automotive metaphor. The Constitution of the United States, supporters profess, is not really as bad as Levinson would have us believe. The following pages take a road less traveled. Ancient constitutional institutions in the United States are suffering from severe wear and tear. Nevertheless, decisions to drive a comparatively unsafe car are often …

Dispute Resolution And The Post-Divorce Family: Implications Of A Paradigm Shift, Jana B. Singer

Faculty Scholarship

Over the past two decades, there has been a paradigm shift in the way the legal system handles most family disputes – particularly disputes involving children. This paradigm shift has replaced the law-oriented and judge-focused model of adjudication with a more collaborative, interdisciplinary and forward-looking family dispute resolution regime. It has also transformed the practice of family law and fundamentally altered the way in which disputing families interact with the legal system. This essay examines the elements of this paradigm shift in family dispute resolution and explores the opportunities and challenges it offers for families, children and the legal system.

For Both Love And Money: Viviana Zelizer's "The Purchase Of Intimacy", Martha M. Ertman

Faculty Scholarship

Viviana Zelizer’s recent book, The Purchase of Intimacy (2005) presents an innovative theory of how social and legal actors negotiate rights and obligations when money changes hands in intimate relationships--a perspective that could change how we understand many things, from valuations of homemaking labor to the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund. This essay describes Zelizer’s critique of the reductionist “Hostile Worlds” and “Nothing But” approaches to economic exchange in intimate relationships, then explains her more three-dimensional approach, “Connected Lives.” While Zelizer focuses on family law, the essay goes beyond that context, extending Zelizer’s approach to transfers of genetic material, and concluding …

Equality And Sorority During The Decade After Brown, Taunya Lovell Banks

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Violence On The Brain: A Critique Of Neuroscience In Criminal Law, Amanda C. Pustilnik

Faculty Scholarship

Is there such a thing as a criminally "violent brain"? Does it make sense to speak of "the neurobiology of violence" or the "psychopathology of crime"? Is it possible to answer on a physiological level what makes one person engage in criminal violence and another not, under similar circumstances?

This Article first demonstrates parallels between certain current claims about the neurobiology of criminal violence and past movements that were concerned with the law and neuroscience of violence: phrenology, Lombrosian biological criminology, and lobotomy. It then engages in a substantive review and critique of several current claims about the neurological bases …