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Preprofessional Curriculum In Preparation For Doctor Of Pharmacy Educational Programs, Eric G. Boyce, Lisa A. Lawson

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

The preprofessional pharmacy curriculum provides the foundation for the professional curriculum. Basic requirements are noted in the ACPE Standards and Guidelines, but there is considerable variation in the preprofessional curriculum requirements for entry into doctor of pharmacy programs in the United States. Changes in higher education, pharmacy practice, and health care continue to drive the need to evaluate the preprofessional curriculum. The objectives of this white paper were to create model preprofessional curricula that would enable students to be successful during and after entry into the professional curriculum. Using an evidence-based approach where possible, a number of factors were found …

The Effects Of Coaching Strategies For Primary Prevention Of Coronary Heart Disease Involving Asymptomatic Hospital Employees, Gabriel Mario Moreno

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Introduction: An effective coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention program is needed. Currently, prevention of CHD is being sought through pre-CHD risk stratification of patients using office-based screening tools such as the Framingham risk model (Greenland, Smith, and Grundy, 2001). However, patients who are given recommendations for lifestyle behavior modification find difficulty employing and sustaining the changes. The recent popularity of coaching for health behavior change has prompted the question of whether coaching is an effective method to produce a higher success rate for lowering cardiovascular disease following risk stratification.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness …

Creating Safety In The Diagnostic Testing Processes Of Family Medical Practices, Timothy Ryan Mcewen

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Four mid-Western family practices were studied using three methods (observations, interviews, and an audit of patient records) in effort to discover the dynamics and constraints of their diagnostic testing processes. We have found further evidence that errors do occur at many of the steps in the processes, but that the patterns of those errors are not independent of each other and are a function of systemic factors unique to each practice. Furthermore, while many employees or steps in the process may be considered a source of error, they were also shown to be major sources of quality and safety in …

Dynamic Decision Making In Surgery, Lisa Marie Kervin

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Following Dominguez (1997), we tested for differences among 10 resident surgeons' eye-scanning patterns during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy video. We measured time, number of fixations on anatomy and instruments, discomfort level ratings, notation of cystic artery, and conversion to open-incision. We expected our 10 residents would fall into two scanning strategies, proactive or reactive. Proactive strategists were defined as more skilled (year in residency, cases performed), anticipatory of danger (time and fixations on anatomy), observant of the pulsing cystic artery, and converting from laparoscopy to open when highly uncomfortable. Reactive strategists were expected to spend more time on instruments, have low …

Visual Contributions To Spatial Perception During A Remote Navigation Task, Candace Lee Eshelman-Haynes

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The purpose of this study was to explore the implications of perception and action coupling for the design of control and display interfaces in remotely piloted vehicles. Three experiments were conducted: spatial arrangement, path perception, and remote navigation. The results showed that panning independent of forward motion gives observers a greater sense of depth in a scene and aides in efficient navigation while rotation during forward motion results in ambiguities during passive observation. This research has implications for the design of control and visualization interfaces for remote navigation.

Error Management Training: Further Tests Of Mediation And Moderation, Zachary T. Kalinoski

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This study investigated an alternative training approach that would improve transfer performance scores above traditional training approaches. Specifically, error-management training was proposed to help trainees learn complex tasks, as opposed to error-avoidant training approaches, which sought to give trainees step-by-step protocols for learning that would minimize the occurrence of errors during training. This study was designed to examine the effects of training type on transfer performance and transfer errors, as well as the effects of meta-cognition, emotion control and cognitive appraisals as mediators of the training type-performance relationship. A third issue of this study investigated the personality-training type interactions from …

The Development Of The Wright Work Engagement Scale, Gene Michael Alarcon

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Recent developments in organizational attitude research have focused on the concept of engagement. Despite the growing literature on engagement there is little agreement on the conceptualization of engagement. The current study sought to conceptualize and measure work engagement using Item Response Theory. The Wright Work Engagement Scale was created using two samples, a student sample for exploratory analyses and a working sample for item analyses. Results indicate engagement is a unidimensional construct. The 12 item Work Engagement Scale was created and demonstrated sufficient convergent and discriminant validity.

Type I Error Rates And Power Estimates For Several Item Response Theory Fit Indices, Bradley R. Schlessman

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Despite frequent use of the adjusted chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio (χ2/df) test for Item Response Theory fit (Drasgow, Levine, Tsien, Williams. and Mead, 1995), there remains a lack of empirical testing of the statistic's Type I error rates and power. The present study compared the adjusted χ2/df test to two other commonly used IRT fit statistics. The other fit indices examined were S-χ2 (Orlando and Thissen, 2000) and χ2* (Stone's, 2000). This study also addressed misfit based on the possibility that the item responses analyzed were created based on a different response process than that assumed by the …

Using Two Channel Communication To Study Selective Auditory Attention Using Air And Bone Conducted Interfaces, Kutbi Nuruddin Kaliyakuwawala

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the human capability to use selective auditory attention across the two different hearing pathways, air conduction and bone conduction. Four two channel communication systems were used as a basis for comparison: (1) both channels presented via headphones (left ear and right ear each represent a different channel), (2) two channels presented via loudspeakers placed at 135° and 225°, (3) one channel presented via headphones (both ears) and one channel to bone vibrator (placed at the condoyle), and (4) one channel presented via bone vibrator and one channel via loud speakers (placed at …

Measuring Applicant Faking With Job Desirability: Prevalence, Selection, And Measurement Issues In An Applied Sample, Esteban Tristan

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Research has found that the use of social desirability scales to measure faking is problematic. The current study employed a job desirability scale consisting of job-specific bogus biographical items as an alternative faking measure in an applied setting. Using a 2 (applicants versus incumbents) x 2 (sales versus managers) design, participants (N = 958), participants completed a set of personality, social desirability, and job desirability measures. Results indicated that applicants outscored incumbents on personality measures. However, the effect size for conscientiousness was larger for the manager job whereas the effect size for extraversion was larger for the sales job, indicating …

Attentional Limitations And The Visual Pathways, Satomi Maeda

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The present study tested the hypothesis that three visual pathways (i.e. parvocellular, magnocellular, and koniocellular pathways) may influence the degree of dual-task interference using dual-task methodology. The magnocellular pathway consists of feature-coding mechanisms that are sensitive to transients and motion, and is thought to process information about the locations and movements of objects. The parvocellular pathway consists of feature-coding mechanisms that are sensitive to red-green and brightness information, while the koniocellular pathway consists of feature-coding mechanisms that are sensitive to blue-yellow chromatic information. Both the parvocellular and the koniocellular pathway are thought to process information useful for identifying objects. The …

The Origins Of Ethno/National Separatist Terrorism: A Cross-National Analysis Of The Background Conditions Of Terrorist Campaigns, Brandon Charles Snell

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This study measures the influence that multiple social, political, and economic conditions have on the development of ethno/national separatist terrorist organizations. It begins by analyzing the nationalist theories of primordialism, modernism, and ethnosymbolism, and the terrorist theories of strategic logic and psychology. The nationalist theories consider cultural symbols a powerful component behind nationalist movements and populations with significant symbolic attachments especially prone to react aggressively against perceived threats to those symbols. Proponents of strategic logic and psychological theory also view terrorism as reactive but deviate on whether this response is conceived rationally. Examining the origins of Basque and Catalan terrorism …

Bounded Rationality In The Emergency Department, Markus Alexander Feufel

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This research aimed at understanding bounded rationality - that is, how simple heuristics result in satisfactory outcomes - in a naturalistic setting where agents have to meet environmental demands with limited resources. To do so, two methodological approaches were taken, an observational and an experimental study of U.S. emergency physicians who have to provide a satisfactory level of care while simultaneously coping with uncertainty, time and resources constraints. There are three major findings. First, based on observations of 12 resident and 6 attending physicians at two Midwestern emergency departments (ED), ED physicians use at least two general heuristics. One heuristic …

Effects Of Big 5 Personality Traits On Outcomes For Error Encouragement And Error Avoidant Training, Keith Alan Leas

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the type of training used (error avoidant or error encouragement) as a moderator of the relationship between personality variables and training outcomes. Specifically, we hypothesized that we would observe stronger effects of personality (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) on performance (Hypothesis 1) and affectivity (Hypothesis 2) for individuals in the error encouragement condition than for individuals in the error avoidant condition. Further, we hypothesized that we would see stronger moderating effects for training type for the above personality variables than for extraversion or agreeableness (Hypothesis 3). We recruited 257 participants …

Inhibition Of Pro-Inflammatory Processes Reduces Sensitization Of The Behavioral Response To Maternal Separation, Kristopher Doojin Paik

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The current study examined the behavioral sensitization of guinea pig pups in response to consecutive days of maternal separation. In the first experiment, guinea pigs that received centrally administered artificial cerebrospinal fluid or IL-10 exhibited sensitization of passive behaviors from Day 1 to Day 2. IL-10 decreased the levels of passive behaviors on Day 1, as well as the increase on Day 2. The second experiment used unoperated pups, which also showed sensitization of the passive response from Day 1 to Day 2, though the effect appeared reduced relative to control pups of Experiment 1. Collectively, this investigation confirms previous …

Lithiation Reactions Of 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)Sydnone And 3-(4-Methylphenyl)Sydnone, Nigel Ngonidzashe Chitiyo

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Ortho-iodophenyl sydnones are key intermediates in Sonogashira coupling reactions and the resulting ortho alkynyl sydnones are useful precursors to functionalized sydnonquinolines. In this work, three synthetic routes leading to the synthesis of these versatile intermediates were explored.

Lithiation reactions of 3-(4-chlorophenyl) sydnone and 3-(4-methylphenyl) sydnone followed by trapping with iodine electrophiles yielded the expected disubstituted species 3-(4-chloro-2-iodophenyl)-4-iodosydnone and 3-(4-methyl-2-iodophenyl)-4-iodosydnone in yields ranging from 14% to 75%. Subsequent reduction with sodium sulfite removed the iodine at the C-4 position in both species yielding the ortho iodophenyl sydnones in 80% and 85% yield, respectively.

A surprising result was the discovery that careful …

Central Mechanisms Regulating Pituitary-Adrenal Activity In Infant Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus) During Exposure To Psychological Stressors: Independent And Combined Effects Of Maternal Separation And Novelty, Deborah Suzanne Maken

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Separation from the maternal attachment figure, particularly when it occurs in a novel or threatening environment, reliably increases pituitary-adrenal activity in a number of species, and is thought to increase later susceptibility to psychopathology in humans. However, little is known about the central mechanisms mediating these effects. Therefore, I investigated cortisol and ACTH levels in plasma, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and c-Fos activity in a circuit [medial amygdala (MeA)- bed nucleus of the stria terminalus (BNST)] thought to drive pituitary-adrenal activity during exposure to psychological stressors, as well as in the PVN. Measurements …

Dynamic Kernel Function For High-Speed Real-Time Fast Fourier Transform Processors, Yu-Heng George Lee

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The fast Fourier transform (FFT) plays a critical role in many modern applications, such as acoustics, optics, telecommunications, wireless sensor networks, location sensing, patient monitoring, speech, signal detection, and image processing. The input dynamic range, data throughput rate, frequency resolution, bandwidth, design flexibility, hardware consumption, and power requirements for the various applications are vastly different, leading to significant research focusing on different aspects of FFT performance improvement.

The proposed dynamic kernel function uses an efficient fixed-point numerical representation of the twiddle factor and replaces the cumbersome multipliers with simple shift-and-add operations to enhance the data throughput rate for high-speed wideband …

Performing Discretion Or Performing Discrimination: Race, Ritual, And Peremptory Challenges In Capital Jury Selection, Melynda J. Price

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

Research shows the mere presence of Blacks on capital juries-- on the rare occasions they are seated--can mean the difference between life and death. Peremptory challenges are the primary method to remove these pivotal participants. Batson v. Kentucky developed hearings as an immediate remedy for the unconstitutional removal of jurors through racially motivated peremptory challenges. These proceedings have become rituals that sanction continued bias in the jury selection process and ultimately affect the outcome of capital trials. This Article deconstructs the role of the Batson ritual in legitimating the removal of African American jurors. These perfunctory hearings fail to meaningfully …

Obstacles On The Road To Gender Justice: The International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda As Object Lesson , Beth Van Schaak

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Lessons From The Special Court For Sierra Leone On The Prosecution Of Gender-Based Crimes, Valerie Oosterveld

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Joint And Shared Parenting: Valuing All Families And All Children In The Adoption Process With An Expanded Notion Of Family , Cynthia R. Mabry

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Is There A Neurobiology Of Hate, Edmund M. Glaser

Journal of Hate Studies

Some months ago at a Holocaust conference in Scottsdale, I had the pleasure of hearing a provocative presentation by Kenneth Stern on the sources of antisemitism and how antisemitism might be related to hatred. This occurred shortly after I had talked at the same conference about my experiences in 1946-1947 as a U.S. Army motion picture photographer at the Nuremberg Medical Trials, where I had witnessed and made sound movies of the trial of the 23 defendants, mostly physicians, accused of experimenting on concentration camp victims and causing the deaths of untold numbers of them. So I thought I had …

From Hatred To Compassion: An Interview With Thupten Phelgye, Joanie Eppinga

Journal of Hate Studies

Thupten Phelgye was born in Tibet in 1957. He remembers the chaos brought by the Chinese invasion of his country in 1959. After several failed attempts to escape that resulted in their being placed in concentration camps, Phelgye’s parents managed to travel with him to India. There Phelgye heard His Holiness the Dalai Lama explicate four lines of a sutra, an experience that changed his life. He became a monk and, after an individual audience with the Dalai Lama at the age of 17, went into isolation for five years. Since rejoining society he has worked hard to better the …

Israel Charny’S Fighting Suicide Bombing: A Worldwide Campaign For Life, Steven K. Baum

Journal of Hate Studies

We begin with the book jacket photo that commands the reader’s attention as the horror on a Muslim woman’s face reminds us that the terror is not reserved for Infidels only. Then the dedication of the book is “to life,” while the volume’s last words are a plea for peace—in Charny’s words, a “worldwide campaign for life” to be led by religious and secular leaders across the globe. The book concludes with a vignette from Islamic culture that speaks nobly of furthering peace and life, ending with the last word: “inshallah.” What is evident in between is Charny’s humanistic approach …

Leadership As It Promotes A Culture Of Trust And An Open School Climate: A Catholic Secondary School Perspective, Constance Slavin Mccue

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Negotiating Multiple Identities:The Experiences Of African-Ancestral Lesbians, Damaliah D. Gibson

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Risk And Protective Factors In Mothers With A History Of Incarceration: Do Relationships Buffer The Effects Of Trauma Symptoms And Substance Abuse History, Erin K. Walker

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Social Cognitive Career Theory As Applied To The School-To-Work Transition, Mary E. Kelly

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Sustaining Faith- Informed Mission At Religiously-Affiliated Colleges And Universities: A Qualitative Case Study Of Three Institutions, Paul J. Witek

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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