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2009

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Narrative, Voice, And Genre In Margaret Mead’S Coming Of Age In Samoa, Sharon W. Tiffany Jun 2009

Narrative, Voice, And Genre In Margaret Mead’S Coming Of Age In Samoa, Sharon W. Tiffany

Pacific Studies

My contemporary reading of Coming of Age in Samoa explores Margaret Mead’s experimental ethnography as a textual artifact whose social history may be interpreted within a framework situated in gender, time, and place. Mead’s ethnography appeared to reinforce consumer-culture representations of female alterity and “free-love” in the South Seas, yet her text challenged these popular images with a radical counternarrative. Mead’s case study approach to the problem of adolescence, as well as her fieldwork photographs, created a narrative and visual space that questioned the dominant anthropological discourse of her day. Mead’s woman-centered book, combined with her publisher’s astute marketing strategies, …

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Of External Habits And Maternal Attitudes: Margaret Mead, Gestalt Psychology, And The Reproduction Of Character, Gerald Sullivan Jun 2009

Of External Habits And Maternal Attitudes: Margaret Mead, Gestalt Psychology, And The Reproduction Of Character, Gerald Sullivan

Pacific Studies

Some critics have thought of Margaret Mead’s research in culture and person- ality as a mechanical reduction of character types to child-rearing techniques. However, a closer reading of her work reveals that, by 1938, Mead understood character to arise in the social and communicative interactions between caregivers and their charges. For Mead, techniques such as swaddling were powerful means by which caregivers communicated attitudes to children, but those same techniques were not sufficient to either form a child’s character or produce an attitude within a caregiver. This article takes up the examination of this more psychologically dynamic Mead. It attends …

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Dreams Of Fortune: Reo Fortune’S Psychological Theory Of Cultural Ambivalence, Roger Ivar Lohmann Jun 2009

Dreams Of Fortune: Reo Fortune’S Psychological Theory Of Cultural Ambivalence, Roger Ivar Lohmann

Pacific Studies

Reo Fortune’s first book, The Mind in Sleep, published in 1927, considers dreams in which one’s attitudes contradict waking opinions. Fortune was keenly aware of his own conflicting perspectives and abhorred ethnocentrism. He argued that rejected beliefs remain subconsciously. Individuals hold contradictory beliefs using two capacities: logical and emotional representation and connection. The former is more accessible when awake, the latter in dreams. Fortune’s subsequent ethnographic studies attended to dreams and ambivalence. His theory encouraged his rejection of stereotyping by the “culture and personality” school of thought, and can be used as a model of cultural ambivalence with ongoing anthropological …

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Writing Lives: Ruth Benedict’S Journey From Biographical Studies To Anthropology, Judith Schachter Jun 2009

Writing Lives: Ruth Benedict’S Journey From Biographical Studies To Anthropology, Judith Schachter

Pacific Studies

Ruth Benedict’s early biographical essays illuminate her anthropology and, especially, the humanism that guided her choice of subjects, her style of writing, and her goals in the profession. I examine the biographical essays, written in response to World War I, and then assess the contribution of The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, written at the end of World War II. With the speech she made to the American Anthropological Association in 1947, Benedict completed the circle, proposing a new anthropology that would include the emotions, ethics, reasoning, and experiences of individuals. A response to the behaviorist social science of the times, …

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Ruth Benedict And The Study Of Thai Culture, Nicola B. Tannenbaum Jun 2009

Ruth Benedict And The Study Of Thai Culture, Nicola B. Tannenbaum

Pacific Studies

In this paper, I place Thai Culture and Behavior in the context of Benedict’s work and life, American anthropology, and Thai studies. The paper begins with a summary of Benedict’s study and a critique of her Thai ethnography. This is followed with a discussion of its initial reception when it was first published and its later place in biographies about Benedict. Finally, I turn to my initial question of the role of Thai Culture and Behavior in Thai studies. Here I examine the two subsequent anthropological studies of Thailand: Embree’s seminal essay, “Thailand—A Loosely Structured Society,” the first field- workbased …

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The Ecology Of The Anthropological Mind: Gregory Bateson’S Influence On Three Late Twentieth-Century Pacific Scholars, Phillip V. Guddemi Jun 2009

The Ecology Of The Anthropological Mind: Gregory Bateson’S Influence On Three Late Twentieth-Century Pacific Scholars, Phillip V. Guddemi

Pacific Studies

The influence of Gregory Bateson’s path-breaking ethnography, Naven, is well acknowledged in anthropology, as well as his collaborative work with Margaret Mead on Bali. Bateson’s later work, however, departed from anthropology, as conventionally conceived, to focus on issues of communication, psychiatry, animal ethology, cybernetics, and epistemology. These ideas have been influential for relatively few anthropologists. This essay focuses on the influence of Bateson’s later ideas on three anthropologists, all of them Oceanists: Roger Keesing, Robert I. Levy, and Roy Rappaport. These scholars shared an exposure to Bateson’s ideas prior to their popularization in collected essays published in Steps to an …

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Vol. 32 No. 2-3 (2009): Pacific Island Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies Jun 2009

Vol. 32 No. 2-3 (2009): Pacific Island Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Front Matter for the Vol. 32, No 2-3-Jun/Sept 2009 edition of the Pacific Studies Journal.

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Veiling And Women's Intelligibility, John Borneman Jun 2009

Veiling And Women's Intelligibility, John Borneman

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Moral, Legal, And Functional Dimensions Of Inclusive Service Delivery In Catholic Schools, Martin Scanlan Jun 2009

Moral, Legal, And Functional Dimensions Of Inclusive Service Delivery In Catholic Schools, Martin Scanlan

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Catholic school educators are morally compelled by Catholic social teaching to foster inclusive service delivery for students who have traditionally been marginalized in schools, including students in poverty, students of color, English language learners, and students with special needs. This article applies this moral context to analyze the legal obligations of Catholic schools under Section 504 to serve students with special needs. It argues that as Catholic schools follow Catholic social teaching by developing inclusive service delivery to meet students ' special needs, their legal obligations grow. The article concludes by describing the learning consultant model, a system of service …

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Editorial, Kathryn Kramer Jun 2009

Editorial, Kathryn Kramer

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

No abstract provided.

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What Are The Implications Of Flânerie In The Feminine At The Beginning Of The Twenty-First Century? Reflections Of An Ethnographer At Work On The Plaça De Catalunya In Barcelona, Nadja Monnet Jun 2009

What Are The Implications Of Flânerie In The Feminine At The Beginning Of The Twenty-First Century? Reflections Of An Ethnographer At Work On The Plaça De Catalunya In Barcelona, Nadja Monnet

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

While undertaking an ethnography of a public square in Barcelona, I have been led to wonder about the figure of the flâneur and the difficulties of conceiving this figure in the feminine. Two theories about urban space are in conflict: one views public space as continuing the patriarchy of private space; the other sees public space as a site of freedom and self-development for women as well as men. This same tension is present in analyses of the figure of the flâneur, a figure often evoked when anthropologists work in urban contexts

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The Nomadic Experiment Of A Steppe Land Flâneuse, Dianne Chisolm Jun 2009

The Nomadic Experiment Of A Steppe Land Flâneuse, Dianne Chisolm

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

Imagine the flâneuse in Ulaan Bataar, with its streets unnavigable for pedestrians, and its ever-shifting ger neighborhoods that abut onto crumbling Gulag architecture, not to mention its fierce resurrection of Genghis Khan whose portrait engraved into the overlooking hills declares the city’s imperious nomadic autonomy. This paper investigates the mobilization of the 21st-century flâneuse by the contrary material forces of nomadism and urbanism that confront and transform her as she stumbles, drifts and speeds through Mongolia's city and steppes. The focus of investigation concerns the (im)possible conjunction of nomadism and flânerie on the frontier of the urban and the edge …

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Review Of Revolutionary Women In Postrevolutionary Mexico By Jocelyn Olcott, Duke University Press, Durham, 2005., Gianfranco Piccone Jun 2009

Review Of Revolutionary Women In Postrevolutionary Mexico By Jocelyn Olcott, Duke University Press, Durham, 2005., Gianfranco Piccone

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

No abstract provided.

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Review: 'Fighting Traffic: The Dawn Of The Motor Age In The American City', John Alfred Heitmann Jun 2009

Review: 'Fighting Traffic: The Dawn Of The Motor Age In The American City', John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

During the early 1960s, as the Golden Age of the automobile in America began to wane, several commentators, including Lewis Mumford, raised the critical question of whether the automobile existed for the modern city or the city for the automobile. How and when the automobile became central to urban life is deftly addressed in Peter Norton’s Fighting Traffic: The Dawn of the Motor Age in the American City. This study is certainly one of the most important monographs focusing on the place of the automobile in American society within a historical context to appear in recent times; it interestingly supplements …

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Sounds Like Life: Sound-Symbolic Grammar, Performance And Cognition In Pastaza Quechua, Michael A. Uzendoski Jun 2009

Sounds Like Life: Sound-Symbolic Grammar, Performance And Cognition In Pastaza Quechua, Michael A. Uzendoski

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Book review of Sounds Like Life: Sound-symbolic Grammar, Performance and Cognition in Pastaza Quechua (Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics) by Janis B. Nuckolls. 1996. Oxford University Press [http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/].

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The Crisis Of Late Structuralism. Perspectivism And Animism: Rethinking Culture, Nature, Spirit, And Bodiliness, Terry S. Turner Jun 2009

The Crisis Of Late Structuralism. Perspectivism And Animism: Rethinking Culture, Nature, Spirit, And Bodiliness, Terry S. Turner

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

The paper takes as its point of departure an assessment of the achievements and limitations of structuralism as exemplified by the work of Claude Lévi-Strauss, with particular attention to its applications to Amazonian ethnographic data. I attempt to identify the original contributions of structuralism, while explaining how it has distorted and misunderstood the Amazonian cultural structures and themes that it has sought to analyze by misapplying its own theoretical and methodological concepts, thus giving rise to what I call the “Crisis of Late Structuralism.” I then suggest how recent developments in Amazonianist anthropology, notably the rethinking of animism by Philippe …

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Borat As Tragicomedy Of Anti Us-Americanism, Alexei Lalo Jun 2009

Borat As Tragicomedy Of Anti Us-Americanism, Alexei Lalo

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Alexei Lalo discusses in his article "Borat as Tragicomedy of Anti US-Americanism" the 2006 mockumentary in the context of stereotypes and clichés that exist about the United States and elsewhere, particularly in Europe. Anti US-Americanism is arguably at the core of this project, but Borat's creators seem to mock not only US-Americans, but also those who invent and practice clichés about the U.S. Lalo draws parallels between Sacha Baron Cohen's work and the legacies of Lenny Bruce and Charlie Chaplin (most notably his late film A King in New York). Of the numerous socio-cultural problems of the United States Borat …

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Population Size And Rates Of Language Change, Søren Wichmann, Eric W. Holman Jun 2009

Population Size And Rates Of Language Change, Søren Wichmann, Eric W. Holman

Human Biology

Previous empirical studies of population size and language change have produced equivocal results. We therefore address the question with a new set of lexical data from nearly one-half of the world’s languages. We first show that relative population sizes of modern languages can be extrapolated to ancestral languages, albeit with diminishing accuracy, up to several thousand years into the past. We then test for an effect of population against the null hypothesis that the ultrametric inequality is satisfied by lexical distance among triples of related languages. The test shows mainly negligible effects of population, the exception being an apparently faster …

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Catalogue Of Acculturation Constructs: Descriptions Of 126 Taxonomies, 1918-2003, Floyd W. Rudmin Jun 2009

Catalogue Of Acculturation Constructs: Descriptions Of 126 Taxonomies, 1918-2003, Floyd W. Rudmin

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Acculturation refers to the processes by which individuals, families, communities, and societies react to inter-cultural contact. Advances in communication and transportation technologies, and increasing migration pressures due to demographic, economic, environmental, human rights, and security disparities, make acculturation one of the most important topics for applied research in cross-cultural psychology. However, progress in acculturation research has been frustrated by our inabilities to pit theories against each other in meaningful ways, to summarize results by meta-analytic methods, or to improve constructs and scales all because we have been unaware of the interdisciplinary breadth of acculturation research and its historical depth. This …

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Respect For Grizzly Bears: An Aboriginal Approach For Co-Existence And Resilience, Douglas A. Clarke, D. Scott Slocombe Jun 2009

Respect For Grizzly Bears: An Aboriginal Approach For Co-Existence And Resilience, Douglas A. Clarke, D. Scott Slocombe

Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Aboriginal peoples’ respect for grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) is widely acknowledged, but rarely explored, in wildlife management discourse in northern Canada. Practices of respect expressed toward bears were observed and grouped into four categories: terminology, stories, reciprocity, and ritual. In the southwest Yukon, practices in all four categories form a coherent qualitative resource management system that may enhance the resilience of the bear-human system as a whole. This system also demonstrates the possibility of a previously unrecognized human role in maintaining productive riparian ecosystems and salmon runs, potentially providing a range of valued social-ecological outcomes. Practices of respect …

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Derek Freeman And Margaret Mead: What Did He Know, And When Did He Know It?, Paul Shankman Jun 2009

Derek Freeman And Margaret Mead: What Did He Know, And When Did He Know It?, Paul Shankman

Pacific Studies

Derek Freeman’s published autobiographical statement and his biographers’ account of his life report that, before he went to Samoa in 1940, Freeman was a cultural determinist strongly influenced by Margaret Mead’s work. While in the islands, Freeman stated that he discovered that Mead was wrong about Samoan culture and felt responsible for refuting her work, thus establishing a linear progression in his critique of Mead from his own first trip to the islands to the eventual publication, some four decades later, of Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth (1983). Interviews with Freeman suggest, however, …

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Introduction: On Four Anthropologists And Their Histories, Virginia Yans Jun 2009

Introduction: On Four Anthropologists And Their Histories, Virginia Yans

Pacific Studies

This introduction discusses ten essays concerning Pacific anthropologists Gregory Bateson, Reo Fortune, Margaret Mead, and their colleague, Ruth Benedict. The intellectual and personal engagement of these four social scientists with each other is well known and heavily documented in archival collections: they worked as “before-the-text” collaborators in fieldwork and in formulating culture theory. My Introduction highlights the epistemological and textual strategies the contributors to this special issue employ to describe the “Gang of Four.” These essays demonstrate how a group of contemporary anthropologists think about the past and the history of their discipline. As a remedy for the disruption of …

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Clyde Kluckhohn And The New Anthropology: From Culture And Personality To The Scientific Study Of Values, John S. Gilkeson Jun 2009

Clyde Kluckhohn And The New Anthropology: From Culture And Personality To The Scientific Study Of Values, John S. Gilkeson

Pacific Studies

This essay examines Clyde Kluckhohn’s relations with Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, and Gregory Bateson in two contexts: the school of culture and personality, and the Conference on Science, Philosophy, and Religion in Their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life convened during the Second World War. Kluckhohn strongly identified with the Boasian tradition. Enlisting in the Boasian campaign to make Americans more “culture-conscious,” Kluckhohn joined Benedict and Mead as a public intellectual. In this capacity, Kluckhohn sought to clarify the concept of culture and to widen its currency, emphasized the affinity between anthropology and psychiatry, and, after 1945, searched for …

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“More Like Fighting Than Like Waiting”: Mead, Method, And The Proper Object Of Knowledge In Anthropology, Maureen Molloy Jun 2009

“More Like Fighting Than Like Waiting”: Mead, Method, And The Proper Object Of Knowledge In Anthropology, Maureen Molloy

Pacific Studies

This paper examines the critical reviews of Margaret Mead’s and Reo Fortune’s early books and Mead’s responses to them. It argues that these reviews demonstrate a consensus about proper anthropological practice and the proper object of anthropological knowledge. Mead’s response was to go the offensive. She demonstrated her competence in the traditional fields of anthropology through her authorship of Kinship in the Admiralty Islands (Mead 1934) and her ability to generate “pure” knowledge and to provide historical context in The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe (Mead 1932a). Most significantly, however, Mead challenged the consensus about the proper object of …

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The Social History In Death Penalty Defense Advocacy, Jesse Cheng Jun 2009

The Social History In Death Penalty Defense Advocacy, Jesse Cheng

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

This article offers an epistemologically focused descriptive account of the “social history” in American death penalty defense advocacy. Under British scientific empiricism, sufficient investigation forms the basis for representations that aspire to be adequate to investigated realities. As defense advocates see it, however, the very idea of humanity resists the goal of epistemological finality that comes with empiricist adequation. I argue that the social history investigation instrumentalizes this aesthetic of investigation-then-representation, allowing advocates to affirm to themselves the humanity of their clients while sidestepping the goal of adequation.

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Terra Nova 2.0 - The New World Of Mmorpgs, David J. Gunkel, Ann Hetzel Gunkel Jun 2009

Terra Nova 2.0 - The New World Of Mmorpgs, David J. Gunkel, Ann Hetzel Gunkel

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

The dominant metaphor used to describe and situate MMORPGs, or massively multiplayer online role playing games (e.g. Ultima Online, EverQuest, World of Warcraft, Second Life, etc.), has been “new world” and “new frontier.” By deploying this powerful imagery, game developers, players, the popular media, and academic researchers draw explicit connections between the technology of MMORPGs and the European encounter with the Americas and the western expansion of the United States. Although providing a compelling and often recognizable explanation of the innovations and opportunities of this new technology, the use of this terminology comes with a considerable price, one that had …

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Cultural Responses To Climate Change In The Holocene, Richard Prentice Jun 2009

Cultural Responses To Climate Change In The Holocene, Richard Prentice

Anthós

Variable Holocene climate conditions have caused cultures to thrive, adapt or fail. The invention of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals allowed sedentary societies to develop and are the result of the climate becoming warmer after the last glaciation. The subsequent cooling of the Younger Dryas forced humans to concentrate into geographic areas that had an abundant water supply and ultimately favorable conditions for the use of agriculture and widespread domestication of plants and animals. Population densities would have reached a threshold and forced a return to foraging, however the end of the Younger Dryas at 10,000 BP …

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Portrayal Of Physicists In Fictional Works, Daniel Dotson Jun 2009

Portrayal Of Physicists In Fictional Works, Daniel Dotson

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In his article "Portrayal of Physicists in Fictional Works" Daniel Dotson analyzes how physicists (including professors, teachers, physics students, and amateur physicists) are portrayed in novels, films, and television programs. Eighty characters are analyzed to see if they possessed any of ten personality traits: obsessive, having major mental health problems, withdrawn, brave, timid, socially inept, arrogant, too career-focused, out of touch, and stubborn. Dotson lists a summary of the characters with their traits followed by an overview of the traits and select examples of how characters possessed that trait. Male and female characters are compared to determine if one gender …

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Literature, Ideology, And The Imaginary, Marcello Potocco Jun 2009

Literature, Ideology, And The Imaginary, Marcello Potocco

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In his paper "Literature, Ideology and the Imaginary," Marcello Potocco analyses the elusive relation between literature and ideology. The notion of the "social imaginary" -- as developed by Castoriadis -- brings the possibility to reconsider the relation between the literary structure, its reception, and ideology. While ideology is seen as a radical expression of the social imaginary in modern society, it can only manifest itself through the ideological function, which does not necessarily destruct the aesthetic experience. In a literary structure, elements may exist that enable a strong identification with the extra-textual world, but this involves primarily identifications with significations …

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Obama, Africa, And The Post-Racial, Michael Janis Jun 2009

Obama, Africa, And The Post-Racial, Michael Janis

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In his article "Obama, Africa, and the Post-Racial" Michael Janis examines aspects of U.S. president Barack Obama's election in the context of the epistemology and history of racism. Following an introduction to the history of racism in Europe and in the U.S., Janis discusses the media in the U.S. and in Africa in relation to African American and African politics. The debates on race ignited by the campaign are considered in the light of Africana perspectives on relations between Africa and the West and on the history of slavery and colonialism. Based on selected data in the media of the …

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