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2009

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Occurrence Of Mitochondria-Targeted Late Embryogenesis Abundant (Lea) Gene In Animals Increases Organelle Resistance To Water Stress, Michael A. Menze, Leaf Boswell, Mehmet Toner, Steven C. Hand Apr 2009

Occurrence Of Mitochondria-Targeted Late Embryogenesis Abundant (Lea) Gene In Animals Increases Organelle Resistance To Water Stress, Michael A. Menze, Leaf Boswell, Mehmet Toner, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

Anhydrobiotic animals survive virtually complete loss of cellular water. The mechanisms that explain this phenomenon are not fully understood but often include the accumulation of low molecular weight solutes such as trehalose and macromolecules like Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins. Here we report for the first time the occurrence of a mitochondria-targeted LEA gene (Afrlea3m) product in an animal species. The deduced molecular mass of the 307-amino acid polypeptide from the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana is 34 kDa. Bioinformatic analyses reveal features typical of a Group 3 LEA protein, and subcellular localization programs predict targeting of the mature peptide to …

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Birding Data For Costa Rica, Falk Huettmann Apr 2009

Birding Data For Costa Rica, Falk Huettmann

Faculty

These data describe 703 species with geo-referencing information (latitude longitude) for 42 locations in Costa Rica. They are taken from the species lists presented in B. Lawson (2009; A bird-finding guide to Costa Rica. Comstock Publishing Associates and Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7584-9). This database is based on extensive fieldwork by B. Lawson and as described in his book. Here, these extensive species list data got geo-referenced via Google Maps. The resulting database described here consist of 4,829 rows and 8 columns (Page No,Site No,Site Name, latitude, longitude, SpeciesNo,SpeciestoExpect,Source) and is 969KB in size. The following locations were sampled: Arenal …

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4/17/2009, Slutzker Center For International Students Apr 2009

4/17/2009, Slutzker Center For International Students

Newsletters from Slutzker Center for International Services - SCIS News

No abstract provided.

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Working For Alaskans 2009 - A Wealth Of Opportunity, N/A N/A Apr 2009

Working For Alaskans 2009 - A Wealth Of Opportunity, N/A N/A

Miscellaneous Publications

No abstract provided.

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Palmer Center For Sustainable Living, N/A N/A Apr 2009

Palmer Center For Sustainable Living, N/A N/A

Miscellaneous Publications

No abstract provided.

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Bone As A Biomarker Of Mercury Exposure In Prehistoric Arctic Human Populations: Initial Method Validation Using Animal Models, Carrin M. Halffman Apr 2009

Bone As A Biomarker Of Mercury Exposure In Prehistoric Arctic Human Populations: Initial Method Validation Using Animal Models, Carrin M. Halffman

Anthropology

Marine mammals are dietary staples among many indigenous peoples of the Arctic, but these foods sometimes contain high levels of mercury, a toxic heavy metal that can cause nerve and brain damage. Because mercury can be released into the environment by both industrial and natural processes, prehistoric marine mammal consumers may have been exposed to this toxicant, but little is known about preindustrial mercury levels. This research examined the potential for using the mercury concentration of archaeological bone as a biomarker of mercury exposure. Two requirements of valid biomarkers of exposure were explored: (1) measurement accuracy (trueness and precision) and …

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Evaluating And Designing Urban Food Systems: The Role Of Local Initiatives, Alison Maria Meadow Apr 2009

Evaluating And Designing Urban Food Systems: The Role Of Local Initiatives, Alison Maria Meadow

Anthropology

In the search for solutions to environmental and human health problems linked to the dominant global food system, too much attention has been given to the scale of food systems and too little attention given to the specific practices and outcomes of various food system components and initiatives. The community of Fairbanks, Alaska is used to examine whether local-food system initiatives can improve an urban food system's social equity and environmental sustainability. Three studies of the current food system and nascent local-food system were conducted. The first study examines community-wide physical and economic access to fresh foods in general and …

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Nuniwarmiut Land Use, Settlement History And Socio-Territorial Organization, 1880--1960, Kenneth L. Pratt Apr 2009

Nuniwarmiut Land Use, Settlement History And Socio-Territorial Organization, 1880--1960, Kenneth L. Pratt

Anthropology

Prior efforts to identify traditional socio-territorial groups among the Central Yup'ik Eskimos of southwestern Alaska have been primarily theoretical in nature, examined the subject from very restricted temporal perspectives, and were heavily reliant on a small body of written historical accounts---none of which were informed by contacts with indigenous populations across the entire region. The collective results are inconsistent and largely unverifiable; hence many basic details about Yup'ik socio-territorial organization remain obscure. This study deviates from its predecessors in geographical focus, temporal scope and methodology. The geographical focus is on the Nuniwarmiut (or Nunivak Eskimos), both the most isolated and …

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Seasons Out Of Balance: Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability, And Sustainable Adaptation In Interior Alaska, Shannon Michele Mcneeley Apr 2009

Seasons Out Of Balance: Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability, And Sustainable Adaptation In Interior Alaska, Shannon Michele Mcneeley

Anthropology

Koyukon Elders of Alaska's Interior observe that "cold weather is growing old" and recent warming is contributing to a world out of balance. Alaska is among the most rapidly warming places globally, with the Interior experiencing the most pronounced warming statewide, and with significant regional-scale ecosystem services disruptions affecting subsistence hunting and harvest success. Vulnerability of individuals, households, and communities to climate change is exacerbated by rising energy costs and a regulatory system that constrains the adaptive flexibility needed to cope with impacts on livelihoods. Socioeconomic and cultural change notwithstanding, the well-being of rural native communities is still dependant on …

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Aurora Vol. 02 No. 1 (Fall 2009), N/A N/A Apr 2009

Aurora Vol. 02 No. 1 (Fall 2009), N/A N/A

Aurora

No abstract provided.

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Aurora Vol. 01 No. 2 (Spring 2009), N/A N/A Apr 2009

Aurora Vol. 01 No. 2 (Spring 2009), N/A N/A

Aurora

No abstract provided.

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Evidentiality In Dena'ina Athabaskan, Gary Holton, Olga Lovick Apr 2009

Evidentiality In Dena'ina Athabaskan, Gary Holton, Olga Lovick

Alaska Native Language Center Faculty

Dena'ina evidentials are enclitics with a complex paradigmatic morphology. Their first component varies with person, while the second com- ponent varies with animacy and number, thus marking source and nature of knowledge. Although evidentiality in Dena'ina is not coded as an obligatory inflectional category on the verb, it is also not scattered throughout the gram- mar. The existence of an incipient inflectional evidential system demonstrates the ability of Athabaskan languages to innovate morphological structures outside the verb. The uniqueness of the Dena'ina system demonstrates the heterogeneity of Athabaskan grammar beyond the verb word.

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Relearning Athabascan Languages In Alaska: Creating Sustainable Language Communities Through Creolization, Gary Holton Apr 2009

Relearning Athabascan Languages In Alaska: Creating Sustainable Language Communities Through Creolization, Gary Holton

Alaska Native Language Center Faculty

No abstract provided.

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A Geobotanical Analysis Of Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation, Climate, And Substrate, Martha K. Raynolds Apr 2009

A Geobotanical Analysis Of Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation, Climate, And Substrate, Martha K. Raynolds

Forest Sciences

The objective of the research presented in this dissertation was to better understand the factors controlling the present and potential future distribution of arctic vegetation. The analysis compares the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM) with circumpolar data sets of environmental characteristics. Geographical information system (GIS) software was used to overlay the CAVM with a satellite index of vegetation (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) and environmental factors that are most important in controlling the distribution of arctic vegetation, including summer temperature, landscape age, precipitation, snow cover, substrate chemistry (pH and salinity), landscape type, elevation, permafrost characteristics, and distance to sea. Boosted …

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Comparing Marine Mammal Co-Management Regimes In Alaska: Three Aspects Of Institutional Performance, Chanda L. Meek Apr 2009

Comparing Marine Mammal Co-Management Regimes In Alaska: Three Aspects Of Institutional Performance, Chanda L. Meek

Natural Resources

Arctic marine mammals and the communities that depend on them for subsistence are facing unprecedented rates of environmental change. Comparative studies of policy implementation are necessary in order to identify key mechanisms of successful environmental governance under challenging conditions. This study compares two federal agencies responsible for the conservation of Arctic marine mammals. Drawing on multiple methods, I develop in-depth case studies of the policy implementation process for managing bowhead whale and polar bear subsistence hunting. I examine how and why agency approaches to conservation differ and assess policy effectiveness. The analysis focuses on three aspects of institutional performance as …

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The Role Of Social Paradigm In Human Perception And Response To Environmental Change, Paula Williams Apr 2009

The Role Of Social Paradigm In Human Perception And Response To Environmental Change, Paula Williams

Psychology

The role of social paradigms in resilience to change is poorly understood. Past research suggests that social paradigms shape human values through socialization, including those for our environment and alter an individual's attentiveness to information. Thus, there is a relationship among personal cognition, the objective environment, social paradigm, and human behavior, which I posit may affect perception of and response to change, hence human adaptive capacity. The western industrialized dominant social paradigm (WISP) is a set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that influence our relationship to the environment. It includes beliefs in continuous economic growth; limited governmental intervention in …

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From In-Vitro To In-Vivo: Corporate Development And Efficacy Of A Topical Hair Growth Agent Derived From Natural Extracts, Kelly Michael Glynn Apr 2009

From In-Vitro To In-Vivo: Corporate Development And Efficacy Of A Topical Hair Growth Agent Derived From Natural Extracts, Kelly Michael Glynn

Masters Theses

Androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness) affects up to 50% of the world’s population, propelling the development for a possible treatment. The hair follicle is influenced by several genetic and physiologic factors, which, when gone awry, lead to androgenetic alopecia. Vascular endothelial and keratinocyte growth factors are believed to be promoters of hair growth, as is inhibition of the proteasome complex. The cytokine IL-1α is also known to regulate follicle dynamics. The research objective described herein was an attempt to develop a botanical blend, which could mediate the above biomarkers, be successfully incorporated into a safe topical product and be evaluated …

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Chancellor's Report 2009-04, John Pugh Apr 2009

Chancellor's Report 2009-04, John Pugh

Chancellor's Report

No abstract provided.

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Agroborealis, Vol. 40, No. 1. (Spring 2009), School Of Natural Resources And Agricultural Sciences Apr 2009

Agroborealis, Vol. 40, No. 1. (Spring 2009), School Of Natural Resources And Agricultural Sciences

Agroborealis

Geography -- Counting on tradition: Math in a Cultural Context Adds Up: This award-winning educational program provides resources for teachers in math, geography, social studies, and other curricula, using Yup'ik concepts. / Nancy Tarnai -- Forest Sciences -- Log cabin building workshop: From Hangar to Woods: A hands-on workshop using local material resulted in a recreational cabin for the Sitka Ranger District. / Valerie Barber -- High-Latitude Agriculture -- The Midnight Sun-flower: Selection for early maturity in a sunwheat cultivar began sixteen years ago, resulting in a new but unofficial variety. / Bob Van Veldhuizen -- Natural Resources -- Biomass …

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Incorporating Small-Scale Gis Into Long-Term Monitoring Studies: A Pilot Study Investigating Population Productivity Of The Red-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa Brevirostris), Cortney Pylant Apr 2009

Incorporating Small-Scale Gis Into Long-Term Monitoring Studies: A Pilot Study Investigating Population Productivity Of The Red-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa Brevirostris), Cortney Pylant

Senior Theses

Red-Legged Kittiwakes (Rissa brevirostris) are small, cliff-nesting gulls endemic to the Bering Sea region. Of the four known breeding colonies, the island of St. George, the second largest of the Pribilof Island group, supports 80% of the breeding population annually. Despite a location in one of the most energy-rich regions of the western hemisphere, coupled with minimal depredation of nests and adult birds, long-term monitoring trends show low average reproductive success to complete failure. Although numerous studies have correlated changes in oceanic systems with the long-term decline of many seabird species, little effort has been allocated to understanding how alterations …

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Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression In Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Justin Mcclain Apr 2009

Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression In Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Justin Mcclain

Theses and Dissertations

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra. Accumulating evidence indicates that microglia-driven neuroinflammation contributes significantly to chronic neurodegeneration in PD. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in several neuroinflammatory paradigms; however, their relationship to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD remains relatively unexplored. To address this, the temporal relationship between MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 expression and dopaminergic neurodegeneration was compared in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) models of PD. In dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, 6-OHDA treatment significantly increased MMP-13 mRNA expression; however, examination of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats …

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The New Hampshire, Vol. 98 [99], No. 46 (April 17, 2009), The New Hampshire Apr 2009

The New Hampshire, Vol. 98 [99], No. 46 (April 17, 2009), The New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Print Edition

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire. This volume was printed as 98, but it is the 99th volume in the series. This was corrected in pencil.

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Molecular Systematics Of Spiny Pocket Mice (Subfamily Heteromyinae) Inferred From Mitochondrial And Nuclear Sequence Data, Melina Crystal Williamson Apr 2009

Molecular Systematics Of Spiny Pocket Mice (Subfamily Heteromyinae) Inferred From Mitochondrial And Nuclear Sequence Data, Melina Crystal Williamson

Theses and Dissertations

This study aims to determine species-level relationships within the genus Heteromys, as well as generic-level relationships among members of the subfamily Heteromyinae using a phylogenetic framework. Molecular sequence data were generated from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I) and three nuclear gene segments (β-fibrinogen, engrailed protein II, and myosin heavy chain II), and analyzed under maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian optimality criteria to infer relationships. Chapter 1 focuses on the phylogenetic and taxonomic implications for Heteromys from the analyses of sequence data. Phylogenies also provided a framework for delimiting species boundaries within the wide-ranging Heteromys desmarestianus …

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Reproductive Patterns In King Eiders, Rebecca L. Bentzen Apr 2009

Reproductive Patterns In King Eiders, Rebecca L. Bentzen

Biological Sciences

Mammalian predation, avian predation, female body condition and food availability on the breeding ground are likely the main factors influencing nesting success in tundra-nesting waterfowl. These driving factors are mediated by the primary life history characteristics; incubation behavior, female body size, nesting associations, and nest site selection. I created a conceptual model illustrating how these factors are inter-related and how they impact nest success through a variety of pathways to better understand the evolution of a species' nesting strategy and patterns observed in the field. The importance of the driving factors likely varies between sites and with the species nesting …

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Resilience Of A Deer Hunting System In Southeast Alaska: Integrating Social, Ecological, And Genetic Dimensions, Todd J. Brinkman Apr 2009

Resilience Of A Deer Hunting System In Southeast Alaska: Integrating Social, Ecological, And Genetic Dimensions, Todd J. Brinkman

Biological Sciences

I examined the interactions of key components of a hunting system of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska to address concerns of subsistence hunters and to provide a new tool to more effectively monitor deer populations. To address hunter concerns, I documented local knowledge and perceptions of changes in harvest opportunities of deer over the last 50 years as a result of landscape change (e.g., logging, roads). To improve deer monitoring, I designed an efficient method to sample and survey deer pellets, tested the feasibility of identifying individual deer from fecal DNA, and used …

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Competition And Recruitment In Southeast Alaskan Subtidal Kelp Communities, Daniel Kenji Okamoto Apr 2009

Competition And Recruitment In Southeast Alaskan Subtidal Kelp Communities, Daniel Kenji Okamoto

Fisheries

Shallow subtidal rocky reefs in the Northeast Pacific host frequent physical and biological disturbances as well as multiple competing algal species, including kelps and algal crusts. Kelps serve a critical role in local ecosystems by generating primary productivity and essential fish habitat. While kelp forests rank among the best understood ecosystems in the marine environment, protected and subarctic systems remain largely ignored. Because of the importance of kelp habitat in Southeast Alaska, and the susceptibility of kelps to both disturbance and competition, I estimated the variability in kelp community structure of subtidal, kelp dominated reefs in the Lynn Canal and …

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Organochlorines In Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus), Matthew John Myers Apr 2009

Organochlorines In Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus), Matthew John Myers

Marine Biology

Existing populations of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus ) have declined precipitously over the last half-century. Investigations into the cause of this downward trend have focused on many different possible factors. Toxicity caused by the accumulation of organochlorines (OCs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), has been demonstrated in marine mammals and was considered here as one possible factor that may have contributed to the decline of Steller sea lions or their failure to recover. The focus of this project was to investigate the relationship of contaminant loads to hormone levels, specifically thyroid hormones and cortisol …

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Municipality Of Anchorage Baseline Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Base Year 2008, Ralph Kelcie, Marcus Welker Apr 2009

Municipality Of Anchorage Baseline Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Base Year 2008, Ralph Kelcie, Marcus Welker

ISER Reports

The Municipality of Anchorage (MOA) conducted a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory with a 2008 base year in order to quantify the results of initiatives to reduce the MOA’s current carbon footprint, place those initiatives into a broader strategic plan, and measure reductions going forward. The MOA conducted the carbon baseline because it is a signatory of the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. Over 710 U.S. Mayors have signed the agreement. Under the agreement, Anchorage must attempt to meet or beat the Kyoto Protocol targets of 7% reduction from 1990 levels by 2012, encourage their state governments and federal government …

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Effects Of Adult Salmon Carcasses On The Energy Allocation Strategies Of Juvenile Salmonids, Ron A. Heintz Apr 2009

Effects Of Adult Salmon Carcasses On The Energy Allocation Strategies Of Juvenile Salmonids, Ron A. Heintz

Fisheries

When adult salmon return to their natal streams to spawn they deliver energy in the form of carcass tissues and eggs. Currently, the effect of this marine-derived energy on the growth and energy allocation strategies of juvenile salmonids is unknown. This thesis examined the effects of marine-derived energy on the growth and energy allocation strategies of juvenile coho salmon and resident Dolly Varden. Fatty acid analysis was developed as a tool for monitoring the flow of marine-derived lipids and hence energy from carcass tissues to consumers in laboratory and field settings. Fish in these settings were examined before and after …

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Early Life History Dynamics Of Lake Sturgeon, David C. Caroffino Apr 2009

Early Life History Dynamics Of Lake Sturgeon, David C. Caroffino

Fisheries

Populations of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in the Laurentian Great Lakes have not recovered after dramatic declines in the late 1800s despite the implementation of numerous recovery plans. Although extensive lake sturgeon research has and continues to occur, critical knowledge gaps remain. Recruitment of lake sturgeon is variable, but the extent of that variation, its limiting factors, and mortality rates experienced by early life stages are unclear. The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of lake sturgeon early life stages by examining characteristics of a remnant population in the Peshtigo River, Wisconsin. Specifically, this research sought to …

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