Digital Commons Network^™

The Exxon Valdez Case And Regularizing Punishment, Jeffrey L. Fisher

Alaska Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Language Of Digital Learning Objects: A Cross-Disciplinary Study, Carla J. Meskill, Gulnara Sadykova

Educational Theory and Practice Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Tax Competition In The Film Industry, Chelsea Villareal

Anthós

Being one of the largest industries in the world, the film industry remains an economic powerhouse in our society. It’s for this reason that film’s messages are not the only political aspects of their creation. Senators and representatives across the country are increasingly seeing the film industry as key towards economic development. With incentive packages being placed around the country, the politics over the film industry have become an overwhelming power game. Politicians are being threatened with recalls and impeachment to keep their economies afloat during harsh economic times. Without raising taxes, representatives have hit a wall. Increasing debt and …

Alternative Life Cycle Strategies And Colonization Of Young Anurans By Gorgoderina Attenuata In Nebraska, Matthew G. Bolek, Scott D. Snyder, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Studies on life cycles and epizootiology of North American frog bladder flukes indicate that adult frogs become infected predominantly by ingesting tadpoles or other frogs that serve as second intermediate hosts for gorgoderid metacercariae. Other studies have indicated that newly metamorphosed frogs are rarely infected with these parasites because they are gape-limited predators that cannot feed on large intermediate hosts such as tadpoles and other frogs. We examined the role of potential intermediate hosts in the recruitment of the frog bladder fluke, Gorgoderina attenuata, to metamorphosed northern leopard frogs, Woodhouse’s toads, and bullfrogs from western Nebraska. We completed the …

Hypericum Perforatum Extracts Healed Gastric Lesions Induced By Hypothermic Restraint Stress In Wistar Rats, Muhammet K. Cayci, Hayri Dayioglu

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the healing effects of Hypericum perforatum (HP) on gastric mucosal damage induced by hypothermic restraint stress (HRS. METHODS: Sixty Wistar breed rats of 200-250 gm were used in this study carried out at the Biology Department of Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey in 2006. The animals were divided into 6 groups, 2 of which were controls. The HRS were induced by strapping the rats on a wooden plank and keeping them for 3 hours at 4 degrees Celsius after a starvation period of 36 hours. After HRS, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day Hypericum perforatum extracts (HPEs) were orally …

The Effect Of Repeated Diazepam Administration On Myocardial Function In The Ischemia-Reperfused Isolated Rat Heart, Dareuosh Shackebaeit, Bijan Kayhanie, Aliashraft Godinie, Aliasghar Pourshanazari, Sohylae Reshadat

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether repeated diazepam administration affects the heart in ischemia- reperfusion. METHODS: This study was performed at the Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran, from March to September 2008. Four groups of rats were subjected to a daily injection of diazepam (group 1 [0.5 mg/kg for 21 days], group II [2.5 mg/kg for 5 days], and group III [5 mg/kg for 5 days] intraperitoneally), and saline solution (21 days) in the control groups. Isolated, perfused hearts were subjected to 40 minutes global ischemia, and 45 minutes reperfusion. The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate, and coronary flow …

Berberine And Total Base From Rhizoma Coptis Chinensis Attenuate Brain Injury In An Aluminum-Induced Rat Model Of Neurodegenerative Disease, Jingo Zhang, Jun Qing Yang, Bai Cheng He, Qi Xin Zhou, Hua Rong Yu, Yong Tang, Bei Zhong Liu

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of the total base from rhizoma coptis chinensis (CTB) and berberine (Ber) on neurodegeneration induced by aluminum overload in rats. METHODS: The study took place in the Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, between February 2005 and May 2007. Wistar rats were divided into control group, model group, Ber-treated group, CTB (55 mg/kg and 110 mg/kg)-treated group, and nimodipine-treated group (n=20). A rat brain damage model was established via intragastric administration of 400 mg/kg element aluminum once a day, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. The CTB, Ber, and nimodipine were …

Renoprotective Effect Of Mannitol Infusion During Extracorporeal Shock Lithotripsy, Samir A. Muter, Usama N. Rifat, Ziad H. Abd

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of mannitol infusion in preventing or ameliorating renal injury that accompanies shock wave lithotripsy as measured by changes in resistive index (RI). METHODS: Between February and September 2006, 38 patients (28 men and 10 women) underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for radiologically documented renal stones in The Surgical Specialties Hospital ESWL unit, Baghdad, Iraq. The 38 patients aged 20-50 years with renal stones of 10-20 mm size, scheduled for ESWL therapy, were divided into a control group (20 patients) and mannitol group (treatment group of 18 patients). All patients had their renal RI measured …

Preliminary Investigation And Interview Guide Development For Studying How Malaysian Farmers Form Their Mental Models Of Farming, Steven Eric Krauss, Azimi Hamzah, Zoharah Omar, Turiman Suandi, Ismi Arif Ismail, Mohd Zaidan Zahari, Zanariah Mohd Nor

The Qualitative Report

The development of the interview guide is an integral aspect of the process of conducting qualitative research, yet one that receives little attention in the qualitative research literature. It is often assumed that interview guides are merely a list of questions used to guide a qualitative interview. The background analysis and preparation necessary to prepare an appropriate and effective guide cannot be dismissed, however, as they are integral aspects of the interview process. The current study on mental models of Malaysian smallholder farmers employed in-depth interviews as its primary approach to data generation. This paper details the initial processes undertaken …

Statistical Frequency In Perception Affects Children’S Lexical Production, Peter T. Richtsmeier, Louann Gerken, Lisa Goffman, Tiffany Hogan

Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications

Children’s early word production is influenced by the statistical frequency of speech sounds and combinations. Three experiments asked whether this production effect can be explained by a perceptual learning mechanism that is sensitive to word-token frequency and/or variability. Four-year-olds were exposed to nonwords that were either frequent (presented 10 times) or in¬frequent (presented once). When the frequent nonwords were spoken by the same talker, children showed no significant effect of perceptual frequency on production. When the frequent nonwords were spoken by different talkers, children produced them with fewer errors and shorter latencies. The results implicate token variability in perceptual learning.

Robustostrongylus Aferensis Gen. Nov. Et Sp. Nov. (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) In Kob (Kobus Kob) And Hartebeest (Alcelaphus Buselaphus Jacksoni) (Artiodactyla) From Sub-Saharan Africa, With Further Ruminations On The Ostertagiinae, Eric P. Hoberg, Arthur Abrams, Patricia A. Pilitt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Abomasal nematodes (Ostertagiinae: Trichostrongyloidea), representing a previously unrecognized genus and species, were discovered in kob (Kobus kob) and kongoni (hartebeest) (Alcelaphus buselaphus jacksoni) from Uganda during surveys of ungulate parasites in the 1960s. Robustostrongylus aferensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. is characterized by a ventriculus-like, bilobed valve at the junction of the esophagus and intestine, a synlophe with unusually robust ridges, cervical papillae and excretory pore situated posterior to the mid-length of the esophagus, a unique body form and large diameter in males and females, a relatively anterior position for the vulva, and strongly convoluted and …

Hydrodynamics Of Pulsed Jetting In Juvenile And Adult Brief Squid Lolliguncula Brevis: Evidence Of Multiple Jet 'Modes' And Their Implications For Propulsive Efficiency, Ian K. Bartol, Paul S. Krueger, William J. Stewart, Joseph T. Thompson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The dynamics of pulsed jetting in squids throughout ontogeny is not well understood, especially with regard to the development of vortex rings, which are common features of mechanically generated jet pulses (also known as starting jets). Studies of mechanically generated starting jets have revealed a limiting principle for vortex ring formation characterized in terms of a 'formation number' (F), which delineates the transition between the formation of isolated vortex rings and vortex rings that have 'pinched off' from the generating jet. Near F, there exists an optimum in pulse-averaged thrust with (potentially) low energetic cost, raising the question: do …

Daggerblade Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes Pugio): A Reservoir Host For Yellow-Head Virus (Yhv), Hongwei Ma, Robin M. Overstreet, Jean A. Jovonovich

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Yellow-head virus (YHV) is a major pathogen in penaeid shrimps. We surveyed 13 crustacean species in eight families from two orders that are commonly found in the Mississippi coastal area and freshwater environments as potential reservoir or carrier hosts of YHV. Using semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on relatively small sample sizes, we did not detect any natural infection. However, when the daggerblade grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, were exposed to YHV by injection and per os, YHV was detected in the tissue of P. pugio and in the hemolymph of C. sapidus …

Association Between Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D And Breast Cancer Risk, Katherine D. Crew, Marilie D. Gammon, Susan E. Steck, Dawn L. Hershman, Serge Cremers, Elzbieta Dworakowski, Elizabeth Shane, Mary Beth Terry, Manisha Desai, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Alfred I. Neugut, Regina M. Santella

Faculty Publications

Vitamin D has been associated with decreased risk of several cancers. In experimental studies, vitamin D has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce differentiation and apoptosis in normal and malignant breast cells. Using a population-based case-control study on Long Island, New York, we examined the association of breast cancer with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels, a measure of vitamin D body stores. In-person interviews and blood specimens were obtained from 1,026 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1996 to 1997 and 1,075 population-based controls. Plasma 25-OHD was measured in batched, archived specimens by Diasorin RIA. The mean (SD) …

Stakeholder Input And Meeting Summary Report, D. B. Truslow Associates

PREP Reports & Publications

The Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership (PREP) is part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Estuary Program, which is a joint local/state/federal program established under the Clean Water Act. PREP’s goal is to protect and restore the Great Bay Estuary watershed and Hampton-Seabrook Estuary watershed. The organization receives its funding from the EPA and is administered by the University of New Hampshire. PREP will complete its update of the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP) in early 2010. The first CCMP was released in 2000 when the organization was the New Hampshire Estuaries Project (NHEP). The NHEP management committee …

Efficacy Of A Chimeric Pcv2 Vaccine: A Field Trial, Termsitthi Paphavasit, Philip Lehrbach, Wichian Navasakuljinda, Roongtham Kedkovid, Sitthichok Lacharoje, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, Komkrich Teankum

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Field trial of a Chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) (Suvaxyn PCV2®, Fort Dodge Animal Health, USA) vaccine was performed in order to investigate the efficacy on decreasing pathological lesions and PCV2 viremia in a PCV2-affected swine herd in Thailand. A herd was selected based on history and serological data. Three-week-old pigs (n = 200) were equally divided into two groups. At 4 weeks old, the pigs (n = 100) were injected intramuscularly with 2 ml of Suvaxyn PCV2® vaccine and the non-vaccinated pigs were injected with 2 ml of normal saline. Sera were collected from 20 pigs per group …

Human Glyoxalase Ii Contains An Fe(Ii)Zn(Ii) Center But Is Active As A Mononuclear Zn(Ii) Enzyme, Pattraranee Limphong, Ross M. Mckinney, Nicole E. Adams, Brian Bennett, Christopher A. Makaroff, Thusitha Gunasekera, Michael W. Crowder

Physics Faculty Research and Publications

Human glyoxalase II (Glx2) was overexpressed in rich medium and in minimal medium containing zinc, iron, or cobalt, and the resulting Glx2 analogues were characterized using metal analyses, steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics, and NMR and EPR spectroscopies to determine the nature of the metal center in the enzyme. Recombinant human Glx2 tightly binds nearly 1 equiv each of Zn(II) and Fe. In contrast to previous reports, this study demonstrates that an analogue containing 2 equiv of Zn(II) cannot be prepared. EPR studies suggest that most of the iron in recombinant Glx2 is Fe(II). NMR studies show that Fe(II) binds to …

Dairies In New Mexico: The Environmental Implications Of A New Industry, Denise D. Fort, Anthony Edwards

Faculty Scholarship

The dairy industry, at first blush, might seem to be an odd growth industry for New Mexico, but the last decade has seen an extraordinary expansion of the industry in the state. The presence of the industry has consequences for the state in several domains, including water quantity and water quality, as well as economics, animal welfare and state finances. This article is an attempt to characterize these implications for water policy and to solicit insights from those who are familiar with the industry.

Fault At The Contract-Tort Interface, Roy Kreitner

Michigan Law Review

The formative period in the history of contract and tort (in the second half of the nineteenth century) may be characterized by the cleavage of contract and tort around the concept of fault: tort modernized by moving from strict liability to a regime of "no liability without fault," while contract moved toward strict liability. The opposing attitudes toward fault are puzzling at first glance. Nineteenth-century scholars of private law offered explanations for the opposition, reasoning that alternative ideas about fault account for the different character of state involvement in enforcing private law rights: tort law governs liabilities imposed by law …

An Interdisciplinary Framework For Understanding And Cultivating Law Student Enthusiasm, Emily Zimmerman

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Investigating The Roles Of Ndj1 And Tid1 In Distributive Segregation Using Non-Exchange Chromosomes, Jonathan V. Henzel

Master's Theses

Meiosis is a specialized cell division that leads to a reduction of ploidy in sexually reproducing organisms through segregation of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division. Improper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis results in anueploidy, which is usually fatal during embryonic development. The meiotic process is therefore tightly regulated. Typically, proper segregation of homologs at meiosis I requires pairing of homologous chromosomes, followed by crossover recombination between homologs. Crossovers enable proper chromosomal segregation during the first meiotic division in part by establishing tension in the meiotic spindle. However, in the absence of crossovers, some cells maintain the ability to …

Mount San Jacinto State Park Visitor Attributes, Preferences, And Perceptions, Katherine Elizabeth Wassenberg

Master's Theses

The purpose of the study was to assess Mount San Jacinto State Park visitor attributes, visit attributes, preferences, and perceptions. Visitor surveys were conducted at two predetermined points within Mount San Jacinto State Park Wilderness Area, the entrance to Long Valley and adjacent to the Long Valley Ranger Station, during summer 2008. Three hundred and seventy-eight subjects completed one of the two visitor surveys (97.68% response rate), 256 (67.7%) completed the Long Valley Survey and 122 (32.3%) completed the Wilderness Survey. The subjects were mostly male, married, from California, and White or Latino/Hispanic. The average age was 45 years old …

Acute Nitrate Exposure Causes Proteomic Changes Consistent With The Regulation Of Reactive Oxygen And Nitrogen Species, Lauren R. Hitt, Lars Tomanek

Master's Theses

Nitrate is the most common ionic form of nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems. Although nitrate is known to affect ecosystems at high levels through eutrophication, hypoxia and loss of biodiversity, it is considered to be physiologically inert to the individual aquatic organism. To test the physiological effects of nitrate on aquatic life, we exposed gill tissue of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, to nitrate and characterized changes in protein expression, using a gel-based proteomics approach. Of the 642 protein spots detected, we found that 24 proteins (15 identified) changed expression in response to a 6-hour exposure to nitrate concentrations ranging from …

Store And Forward Routing For Sparse Pico-Satellite Sensor Networks With Data-Mules, Trevor Joseph Koritza

Master's Theses

Satellites are playing an increasingly important role in collecting scientific information, providing communication services, and revolutionizing navigation. Until recently satellites were large and very expensive, creating a high barrier to entry that only large corporations and government agencies could overcome. In the past few years the CubeSat project at California Polytechnic University in San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) has worked to refine the design and launching of small, lightweight, and less expensive satellites called pico-satellites, opening space up to a wider audience. Now that Cal Poly has the launch logistics and hardware under control, a new problem has arisen. These …

The Relationship Between Plasma Steroid Hormone Concentrations And The Reproductive Cycle Of The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake, Crotalus Oreganus, Craig Michael Lind

Master's Theses

To gain a better understanding of the role of steroid hormones in vertebrate reproduction, we quantified steroid hormone concentrations in a free ranging population of the Northern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus oreganus. Plasma steroid hormone concentrations were quantified for both male and female snakes throughout the active season (Mar-Oct). We measured testosterone (T), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and corticosterone (B) concentrations in male and female snakes. 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in females only. We also observed breeding behaviors (e.g. consortship, courtship, and copulation) in the field and measured testis and follicle size in male and female snakes from museum collections. …

Specific Plans: An Implementation Tool For Downtown Revitalization. A Specific Plan Proposal For Downtown Delano, California, Emily Suzanne Henderson

Master's Theses

ABSTRACT

Specific Plans: An Implementation Tool for Downtown Revitalization A Specific Plan Proposal for Downtown Delano, California

Emily Suzanne Henderson

This study builds off the assumption that downtowns are socially and economically important to cities and the people who live, work, and visit them. For these reasons, many suffering downtowns are pursuing revitalization strategies. The strategies summarized in this paper represent mainstream revitalization techniques currently practiced by cities, planners, and developers. The strategies and techniques presented in this paper are supported by two case study specific plans. The case studies serve as model specific plans that were able to successfully …

Santa Barbara Tea Fire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Benefit Cost Analysis, David S. Flamm

Master's Theses

ABSTRACT

Santa Barbara Tea Fire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Benefit Cost Analysis

David S Flamm

This study examines the benefits and costs associated with the outright purchase of properties for hazard mitigation (“property acquisition mitigation”) in Santa Barbara, California which reduced four properties’ exposure to multiple hazards. The results indicate that the estimated overall benefit-cost ratio for property acquisition mitigation projects is 1.75:1 when the exposed properties meet a threshold of eminent threat for total loss. This study further suggests that when property acquisitions are performed in an area threatened by multiple hazards the mitigation becomes two to three times more beneficial …

Viability Of Alternative Genetic Improvement Strategies Using Whole Genome Selection On Commercial Dairy Operations, Levi W.M. Gassaway

Master's Theses

The objective of this thesis was to determine the viability of alternative genetic improvement strategies (GIS). Each alternative GIS combined the use of whole genome selection (WGS) with common reproductive methods (non-sexed semen artificial insemination (AI), sexed semen AI, embryo transfer utilizing non-sexed semen AI) that can be found on a commercial dairy operation. The viability of each GIS was determined using a discounted gene flow model, designed with parameters of a typical western dairy operation, to evaluate the following variables: reproductive method, selection intensity, accuracy of prediction and female age-class. Of the GIS investigated, a heifer-based strategy that used …

Preparation For Nerve Membrane Potential Readings Of A Leech, Laboratory Setup And Dissection Process, Jason Patrick Caulfield

Master's Theses

A well documented laboratory setup, leech preparation process, and bio-potential data recording process are needed. Repeatability and quality data recordings are essential and thus dictate the requirements of the laboratory setup and processes listed above. Advances in technology have both helped and hindered this development. While very precise equipment is required to record the low voltage bio-potentials, noisy electronic equipment and wires surrounding the work area provide high levels of interference. Proper laboratory setup and data recording processes, however, limit the unwanted interference. Quality data can only be recorded from a properly handled and prepared leech subject. Proper setup and …

Do Canines Experience The Effects Of Heart Rate Turbulence?, Melanie Ann Gurunathan

Master's Theses

Background

The canine cardiac system has been the model against which many Class III cardiac devices are validated. Thus, it is expected that the canine heart has very similar electrical model to that found in humans. In 1999, the absence of Heart Rate Turbulence (HRT) after a single Pre-Ventricular Contraction (PVC) was linked to high-risk patient after acute myocardial infarction. Studies of HRT were performed on high-risk patients with Holter-Monitors as were most subsequent HRT studies. If HRT could potentially be used as a risk factor of heart disease, it is interesting to study whether HRT is present following a …