Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2008

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 19861 - 19890 of 20037

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Alternatives To Fuel Tax: A State Level Perspective, Jungeun (Jen) Oh, Kumares C. Sinha Jan 2008

Alternatives To Fuel Tax: A State Level Perspective, Jungeun (Jen) Oh, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

Under the current fuel-tax-based highway financing system, the funding gap between highway needs and revenue available is expected to grow as vehicle fuel economy improves and use of alternative fuels increases. Consequently, the highway financing mechanism needs to be restructured or a different financing strategy undertaken. Previous research provided examples of successful implementation of pricing schemes in terms of design of pricing scheme, technology issues, legal and institutional issues, and public acceptability. Synthesizing this information, a methodological framework was established for evaluation of alternative user charging schemes. Based on the assessment of the current and projected highway revenue and the …

Go to article

Risk Assessment Of Various Median Treatments Of Rural Interstates, Natalie M. Villwock, Nicolas Paul Blond, Andrzej P. Tarko Jan 2008

Risk Assessment Of Various Median Treatments Of Rural Interstates, Natalie M. Villwock, Nicolas Paul Blond, Andrzej P. Tarko

JTRP Technical Reports

This report presents results of a comprehensive study that evaluates the safety impacts of alternative median treatments on rural freeways. Extensive data were obtained from Indiana, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. The studied median treatments include AASHTO-recommended treatments: depressed medians, depressed medians with high and lowtensioned cable barriers, and flush medians with concrete barriers. Other treatments used in the freeway design were also studied: medians with berms, sloped medians, and depressed medians with berms. Negative binomial models were developed to predict the frequency of crashes in three categories: single vehicle (SV), multiple vehicles same …

Go to article

Implementation Of Station Health Monitoring Procedures For Its Sensors, Volume 2: Implementation Report, Joseph M. Ernst, Darcy M. Bullock Jan 2008

Implementation Of Station Health Monitoring Procedures For Its Sensors, Volume 2: Implementation Report, Joseph M. Ernst, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Navigate Your Way Through A Sea Of Data, Korin S. Gath Jan 2008

Navigate Your Way Through A Sea Of Data, Korin S. Gath

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Measuring Outcomes: Post-Graduation Measures Of Success In The U.S. News & (And) World Report Law School Rankings, Andrew P. Morriss, William D. Henderson Jan 2008

Measuring Outcomes: Post-Graduation Measures Of Success In The U.S. News & (And) World Report Law School Rankings, Andrew P. Morriss, William D. Henderson

Faculty Scholarship

The U.S. News & World Report annual rankings play a key role in ordering the market for legal education, and, by extension, the market for entry level lawyers. This Article explores the impact and evolution of placement and post-graduation data, which are important input variables that comprise twenty percent of the total rankings methodology. In general, we observe clear evidence that law schools are seeking to maximize each placement and post-graduation input variable. During the 1997 to, 2006 time period, law schools in all four tiers posted large average gains in employment rates upon graduation and nine months, which appear …

Go to article

Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers Today, Jeniffer M. Lane Jan 2008

Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers Today, Jeniffer M. Lane

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This portfolio documents the learning journey of a preservice teacher educator in Western Australia. The problem investigated is how should we best to prepare preservice teachers for teaching in future contexts. This document has several sections, firstly the literature review discusses topics that have relevance for teacher educators preparing teachers of the future to work in a knowledge-based economy. Then four phases of research both quantitative and qualitative are presented interlinked by a personal narrative. The narrative describes how the studies and research impacted on the teaching practices of the researcher. The powerful findings of the research with teachers in …

Go to article

Dimensions Of Information Technology Governance: A Study Of Theory And Practice, Pui S. Ko Jan 2008

Dimensions Of Information Technology Governance: A Study Of Theory And Practice, Pui S. Ko

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The emergence of corporate governance is the response to recent high profile collapses of organisations such as Enron and WorldCom. Because of the ubiquitous nature of Information Technology (IT) and its influence on organisational activities, IT governance is increasingly seen as an integral part of corporate governance. However, existing literature shows the lack of a common understanding of IT governance due to various perspectives held amongst academics and practitioners. For example, schools of thought group IT governance according to structure with an emphasis on control and co-ordination or process with an emphasis on capability and continuity. The purpose of this …

Go to article

Relational Duties, Regulatory Duties, And The Widening Gap Between Individual Health Law And Collective Health Policy, William M. Sage Jan 2008

Relational Duties, Regulatory Duties, And The Widening Gap Between Individual Health Law And Collective Health Policy, William M. Sage

Faculty Scholarship

In response to a prominent editorial by Dr. Jeffrey M. Drazen, Professor Sage explains how a relational approach has impeded health law's ability to effectively govern the American health care system, arguing that health law has traditionally focused on the physician-patient encounter rather than on achieving collective objectives (which he calls regulatory duties). Professor Sage traces health law's relational emphasis to private and public law, professional ethics and bioethics, budgetary and general politics, and health care consumerism. He concludes that four areas of health policy-conflicts of interest in biomedical research, managed care and pay-for-performance, health care transparency and education, and …

Go to article

Cover And Contents Jan 2008

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Biological Control Of Bacterial Spot Disease Of Pepper With Bacillus Strains, Mustafa Mi̇ri̇k, Yeşi̇m Aysan, Özden Çinar Jan 2008

Biological Control Of Bacterial Spot Disease Of Pepper With Bacillus Strains, Mustafa Mi̇ri̇k, Yeşi̇m Aysan, Özden Çinar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) is a devastating pepper (Capsicum annuum) disease in Turkey. Biological control of Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. vesicatoria is of great interest, in terms of environmental safety and economic return. In this study, 3 Bacillus strains isolated from soil samples of the rhizospheres of peppers grown in greenhouses and fields were used to suppress the size of the population of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. Results indicated that disease development decreased by 11%-62% and 38%-67% in pepper plants inoculated with the 3 Bacillus strains alone and in combination, respectively, in …

Go to article

Performance Analysis Of Collective Set-Move Lateral Sprinkler Irrigation Systems Used In Central Anatolia, İdri̇s Bahçeci̇, Ali̇ Fuat Tari, Nazmi̇ Di̇nç, Pinar Bahçeci̇ Jan 2008

Performance Analysis Of Collective Set-Move Lateral Sprinkler Irrigation Systems Used In Central Anatolia, İdri̇s Bahçeci̇, Ali̇ Fuat Tari, Nazmi̇ Di̇nç, Pinar Bahçeci̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Performance assessment (PA) of irrigation and drainage systems has been an important area of research and debate in recent years. The present study was carried out to determine some performance parameters of sprinkler irrigation systems. Thirty-eight subunits (lateral) were monitored and assessed in the Konya Basin of Turkey. Sprinkler nozzle-pressure, flow rate, and their variations, and the amount of irrigation water were determined. Application and distribution uniformity, irrigation adequacy, and characteristics of system design and application were analyzed. Christensen Uniformity coefficient (CUC) and distribution uniformity (DU) values were between 41% and 88%, and between 18% and 81%, respectively. Variation in …

Go to article

Development Of A Precision Seed Drill For Oilseed Rape, Ebrahim Ahmadi, Hamid Reza Ghassemzadeh, Mohammad Moghaddam, Kyeong Uk Kim Jan 2008

Development Of A Precision Seed Drill For Oilseed Rape, Ebrahim Ahmadi, Hamid Reza Ghassemzadeh, Mohammad Moghaddam, Kyeong Uk Kim

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

At the present time, the most widely used machine for seed and oilseed planting is a seed drill with a roller-type-metering device. Due to nonuniform spacing of seeds along the rows and lack of control on planting depth, this machine aggravates the growth related problems and degrades the quality of a sensitive crop such as oilseed rape. To solve the above-mentioned problems, an attempt was made to develop a precision seed drill with a roller-type-metering device and a depth control system. Some of the design parameters affecting the uniformity of seed distribution were studied from the view point of roller …

Go to article

Cover And Contents Jan 2008

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Seed Quality, And Fatty Acid And Sugar Contents Of Pepper Seeds (Capsicum Annuum L.) In Relation To Seed Development And Drying Temperatures, İbrahi̇m Demi̇r, Azi̇z Teki̇n, Z. Aytanga Ökmen, Gamze Okçu, Burcu B. Kenanoğlu Jan 2008

Seed Quality, And Fatty Acid And Sugar Contents Of Pepper Seeds (Capsicum Annuum L.) In Relation To Seed Development And Drying Temperatures, İbrahi̇m Demi̇r, Azi̇z Teki̇n, Z. Aytanga Ökmen, Gamze Okçu, Burcu B. Kenanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of drying temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C) and the developmental stage (55, 65, 75, and 85 days after anthesis (DAA)) on germination, vigor, and the sugar (sucrose, glucose, fructose) and fatty acid contents of pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum L.) over 2 consecutive years. In seeds harvested at 75 DAA and after, seed viability and vigor were not influenced by drying at temperatures up to 45 °C. Linoleic acid (18:2) was the main fatty acid in pepper seeds, comprising 75-80% of total fatty acids. It was followed by oleic …

Go to article

Some Properties Of Eucalyptus Wood Flour Filled Recycled High Density Polyethylene Polymer-Composites, Fati̇h Mengeloğlu, Kadi̇r Karakuş Jan 2008

Some Properties Of Eucalyptus Wood Flour Filled Recycled High Density Polyethylene Polymer-Composites, Fati̇h Mengeloğlu, Kadi̇r Karakuş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The mechanical properties of eucalyptus wood flours (EWF) filled recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were investigated. First thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were conducted for recycled HDPE and EWF. Later the effects of EWF and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) concentrations were studied. TGA analysis revealed that EWF and recycled HDPE started degrading around 230 °C and 280 °C, respectively. Melting temperature of the recycled HDPE was around 129 °C. Mechanical property evaluation showed that the increased concentration of EWF in polymer-composites reduced the tensile, flexural, and impact strength while increased the tensile and …

Go to article

Cover And Contents Jan 2008

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Effects Of Gamma Irradiation On The Quality Of Ready-To-Cook Meatballs, Ayşe Karadağ, Gürbüz Güneş Jan 2008

The Effects Of Gamma Irradiation On The Quality Of Ready-To-Cook Meatballs, Ayşe Karadağ, Gürbüz Güneş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of gamma irradiation on microbial quality, lipid oxidation, and sensory characteristics of meatballs were studied, and these effects were compared with the effects on ground beef. Meat samples were irradiated at 0, 3, 6, and 9 kGy, then stored at 4 ± 1 ºC for 14 days. Irradiation resulted in greater microbial inactivation, lower lipid oxidation, and less adverse effects on sensory characteristics in meatballs compared to ground beef. Irradiation of meatballs at 3 kGy resulted in about a 4-log reduction in total microbial count without significantly affecting the quality of the product during the first 3 days …

Go to article

Judicial Hellholes, Lawsuit Climates, And Bad Social Science: Lessons From West Virginia, Elizabeth G. Thornburg Jan 2008

Judicial Hellholes, Lawsuit Climates, And Bad Social Science: Lessons From West Virginia, Elizabeth G. Thornburg

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

The American Tort Reform Association (ATRA) was founded in 1986 by the American Medical Association and American Council of Engineering Companies, and now has hundreds of corporate members. Every year, ATRA releases a list of Judicial Hellholes: court systems alleged to be unfair to defendants. The name is definitely catchy: the thought of a judicial hellhole invokes images of Kafka, Satan and the Queen of Hearts. No wonder ATRA's hellhole campaign has embedded itself in media vocabulary. And no wonder state courts and state legislatures bend over backwards to get out from under the hellhole label. Similarly, the U.S. Chamber …

Go to article

The Quest For Number One In College Football: The Revised Bowl Championship Series, Antitrust, And The Winner Take All Syndrome, C. Paul Rogers Iii Jan 2008

The Quest For Number One In College Football: The Revised Bowl Championship Series, Antitrust, And The Winner Take All Syndrome, C. Paul Rogers Iii

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Beyond the varying opinions and critiques of the BCS, a more fundamental issue regarding the system is whether it is legal. Specifically, does it violate the antitrust laws? This is not a specious question. The Senate Judiciary Committee conducted hearings on the legality of the BCS in October 2003, and the House Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection conducted similar hearings in December 2005. Another important aspect of the BCS is its prominent place as a visual symptom of America's winner-take-all society. Is extreme competition, where everyone strives to be the best but very few actually achieve that goal, …

Go to article

Conciliatory Institutions And Constitutional Processes In Post-Conflict States, Donald L. Horowitz Jan 2008

Conciliatory Institutions And Constitutional Processes In Post-Conflict States, Donald L. Horowitz

Faculty Scholarship

There are two important questions in post-conflict constitution making, and at present neither of them has a definitive or uniformly accepted answer. The first relates to the best configuration of institutions to adopt in order to ameliorate the problem of the intergroup conflict. The second concerns the process most apt to produce the best configuration of institutions, whatever it might be. The first question is unanswered because there is a dispute among scholars and practitioners between two opposing views of appropriate institutions to mitigate conflict. Constitutional processes have not generally been geared to yield coherent exemplars of either configuration in …

Go to article

Radiative Forcing: Climate Policy To Break The Logjam In Environmental Law, Jonathan B. Wiener Jan 2008

Radiative Forcing: Climate Policy To Break The Logjam In Environmental Law, Jonathan B. Wiener

Faculty Scholarship

This article recommends the key design elements of US climate law. Much past environmental law has suffered from four design problems: fragmentation, insensitivity to tradeoffs, rigid prescriptive commands, and mismatched scale. These are problems with the design of regulatory systems, not a rejection of the overall objective of environmental law to protect ecosystems and human health. These four design defects raised the costs, reduced the benefits, and increased the countervailing risks of many past environmental laws. The principal environmental laws successfully enacted since the 1990s, such as the acid rain trading program in the 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments …

Go to article

Fixing Innovation Policy: A Structural Perspective, Stuart M. Benjamin, Arti K. Rai Jan 2008

Fixing Innovation Policy: A Structural Perspective, Stuart M. Benjamin, Arti K. Rai

Faculty Scholarship

Innovation is central to economic growth and human welfare. Government officials and commentators have recognized this reality and have called for a variety of different substantive incentives for stimulating innovation. But the question of how an innovation regulator should be structured has received little attention. Such consideration is important not only because of the significance of innovation but also because current government innovation policy is so haphazard. There is no government entity that looks at innovation broadly, and the narrower agencies that regulate aspects of innovation policy not only fail to pay systematic attention to innovation goals but often act …

Go to article

The Upside Of Overbreadth, Samuel W. Buell Jan 2008

The Upside Of Overbreadth, Samuel W. Buell

Faculty Scholarship

Overbreadth in criminal liability rules, especially in federal law, is abundant and much lamented. Overbreadth is avoidable if it results from normative mistakes about how much conduct to criminalize or from insufficient care to limit open texture in statutes. Social planners cannot so easily avoid overbreadth if they cannot reach behaviors for which criminalization is well justified without also reaching behaviors for which it is not. This mismatch problem is acute if persons engaging in properly criminalized behaviors deliberately alter their conduct to avoid punishment and have resources to devote to avoidance efforts. In response to such efforts, legal actors …

Go to article

About Facebook - Change At The Social-Networking Juggernaut Creates New Opportunities For Law Library Outreach, Jennifer L. Behrens Jan 2008

About Facebook - Change At The Social-Networking Juggernaut Creates New Opportunities For Law Library Outreach, Jennifer L. Behrens

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Go to article

A Hidden Markov Model For Alphabet-Soup Word Recognition, Shaolei Feng, Nicholas Howe, R. Manmatha Jan 2008

A Hidden Markov Model For Alphabet-Soup Word Recognition, Shaolei Feng, Nicholas Howe, R. Manmatha

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Recent work on the “alphabet soup” paradigm has demonstrated effective segmentation-free character-based recognition of cursive handwritten historical text documents. The approach first uses a joint boosting technique to detect potential characters - the alphabet soup. A second stage uses a dynamic programming algorithm to recover the correct sequence of characters. Despite experimental success, the ad hoc dynamic programming method previously lacked theoretical justification. This paper puts the method on a sounder footing by recasting the dynamic programming as inference on an ensemble of hidden Markov models (HMMs). Although some work has questioned the use of score outputs from classifiers like …

Go to article

Discovery About Discovery: Does The Attorney-Client Privilege Protect All Attorney-Client Communications Relating To The Preservation Of Potentially Relevant Information?, Paul W. Grimm, Michael D. Berman, Leslie Wharton, Jenna Beck, Conor R. Crowley Jan 2008

Discovery About Discovery: Does The Attorney-Client Privilege Protect All Attorney-Client Communications Relating To The Preservation Of Potentially Relevant Information?, Paul W. Grimm, Michael D. Berman, Leslie Wharton, Jenna Beck, Conor R. Crowley

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Legislating To Address Climate Change: Some Lessons From The Field, Christopher H. Schroeder Jan 2008

Legislating To Address Climate Change: Some Lessons From The Field, Christopher H. Schroeder

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Go to article

A Structural Critique Of Trader Taxation, Shu-Yi Oei Jan 2008

A Structural Critique Of Trader Taxation, Shu-Yi Oei

Faculty Scholarship

This article scrutinizes the structural elements underlying the unusual tax treatment of securities traders under current law. After summarizing the distinguishing features of trader taxation, this article explains how the treatment of securities traders today has occurred due to a long-standing, legislatively created disjuncture at the point where the “to customers” requirement in the capital asset rules (i.e., the requirement that traders must sell “to customers” in order to escape capital asset classification and court findings that they do not) and the “trade or business” concept intersect. The article reviews some of the traditional critiques that have been levied against …

Go to article

Ethical Issues Associated With Preserving, Accessing, Discovering, And Using Electronically Stored Information, Paul W. Grimm Jan 2008

Ethical Issues Associated With Preserving, Accessing, Discovering, And Using Electronically Stored Information, Paul W. Grimm

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Nothing But The Truth? Experiments On Adversarial Competition, Expert Testimony, And Decision Making, Cheryl Boudreau, Mathew D. Mccubbins Jan 2008

Nothing But The Truth? Experiments On Adversarial Competition, Expert Testimony, And Decision Making, Cheryl Boudreau, Mathew D. Mccubbins

Faculty Scholarship

Many scholars debate whether a competition between experts in legal, political, or economic contexts elicits truthful information and, in turn, enables people to make informed decisions. Thus, we analyze experimentally the conditions under which competition between experts induces the experts to make truthful statements and enables jurors listening to these statements to improve their decisions. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to game theoretic predictions and contrary to critics of our adversarial legal system, competition induces enough truth telling to allow jurors to improve their decisions. Then, when we impose additional institutions (such as penalties for lying or the threat of …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last