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2008

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Function Of Human Retinol Dehydrogenase 12 (Rdh12) In Retinoid Metabolism, Seung-Ah Lee Jan 2008

Function Of Human Retinol Dehydrogenase 12 (Rdh12) In Retinoid Metabolism, Seung-Ah Lee

All ETDs from UAB

Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is a member of the microsomal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily of proteins that is highly expressed in photorecep-tor cells. Mutations in RDH12 are associated with severe early-onset autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy, leading to legal blindness. Disease-associated RDH12 variants exhibit lower protein levels when expressed in eukaryotic cells. However, the physiological role of RDH12 remains unclear. As established previously, RDH12 recognizes both retinoids and lipid peroxidation products (medium-chain aldehydes) as substrates and exhibits the highest catalytic efficiency for all-trans-retinaldehyde. As the main goal of this dissertation, we characterized the catalytic properties of RDH12 and its naturally occurring mutants …

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The Role Of Strychnine-Sensitive Nachrs In Rabbit Retinal Off Ganglion Cells, Jordan Michael Renna Jan 2008

The Role Of Strychnine-Sensitive Nachrs In Rabbit Retinal Off Ganglion Cells, Jordan Michael Renna

All ETDs from UAB

that when heteroskedasticity is present, but ignored, there is significant evidence to suggest

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Changes In Hippocampal Excitability During Withdrawal From Chronic Nicotine, Rachel E. Penton Jan 2008

Changes In Hippocampal Excitability During Withdrawal From Chronic Nicotine, Rachel E. Penton

All ETDs from UAB

seeking behavior following chronic drug use lasts for many months or even years. Short-term withdrawal experiments have suggested that the neuroadaptations thought to underlie learning and memory may also contribute to addictive behavior. However, there is little information about the physiological mechanisms that participate in craving and relapse following long-term withdrawal. Here I show in hippocampal slices from rats treated with nicotine for 1 week that there is a change in the excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells that persists for up to 9 months following the cessation of drug treatment. The expression of this enhanced excitability is dependent on different …

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Wavelet-Based Regression And Classification For Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Data, William R. Prucka Jan 2008

Wavelet-Based Regression And Classification For Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Data, William R. Prucka

All ETDs from UAB

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique capable of in vivo characterization of the spatial and angular dependence of free water diffusion in tissue. By studying intra- and extra-cellular water mobility, inference can be made about the surrounding medium. The non-uniform angular dependence of diffusion, known as anisotropy, is evident in fibrous tissues, which exhibit greater diffusion parallel versus perpendicular to the fiber orientation. DTI’s sensitivity to anisotropy makes it an effective tool for measuring the integrity of fibrous myelinated white matter tracts in the brain. For demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), DTI has …

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Characterizing Semantic Memory In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Kelli L. Netson Jan 2008

Characterizing Semantic Memory In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Kelli L. Netson

All ETDs from UAB

Episodic memory is clearly impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), although recent studies have revealed deficits in other cognitive domains such as attention, executive function, and semantic memory. Studies of semantic memory in MCI have been limited by inconsistent use of diagnostic criteria and variability in the measures used. The purpose of this study was to examine semantic memory in a sample of individuals diagnosed with amnestic MCI using Mayo criteria. Performance of individuals with consensus-diagnosed MCI (n=12) was compared to that of normal controls (n=15) on a battery of semantic memory tasks. MANOVA results indicated that the MCI group …

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Adenovirus As A Platform For Assembly And Targeted Delivery Of Gold Nanoparticles To Tumor Cells, Vaibhav Saini Jan 2008

Adenovirus As A Platform For Assembly And Targeted Delivery Of Gold Nanoparticles To Tumor Cells, Vaibhav Saini

All ETDs from UAB

Novel combinatorial strategies need to be explored to achieve tumor eradication. In this regard, viral vector based gene therapy and nanotechnology offer unique possibilities for cancer therapy. As an example, multifunctional adenoviral (Ad) vectors capable of targeting, imaging, and successful cancer gene therapy have been advanced into multiple clinical trials. Similarly, novel multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized for drug delivery, targeting, imaging, and hyperthermia tumor therapy. Therefore, to accrue the benefits of both gene therapy and nanotechnology for cancer therapy, we proposed to combine Ad vectors and AuNPs in a single multifunctional nanodevice. Towards this goal, herein, we …

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The Role Of Tgf-Ss And Wnt5a In Mammary Gland Development And Tumurorigenesis, Kevin Patrick Roarty Jan 2008

The Role Of Tgf-Ss And Wnt5a In Mammary Gland Development And Tumurorigenesis, Kevin Patrick Roarty

All ETDs from UAB

cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide behind lung cancer, affecting women of all ages, races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic strata. Concerted efforts have been made to understand this heterogeneous disease from the clinical stage down to the molecular level. Importantly, it has become clear that an understanding of the normal biology of the breast at all stages of development is needed to gain insight into how alterations in normal regulatory networks contribute to the initiation and development of breast cancer. TGF-ß plays a role in growth and patterning of the mammary gland and alterations in its signaling exhibit biphasic …

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Correction Of Sickle Cell Disease By Homologous Recombination, Li-Chen Wu Jan 2008

Correction Of Sickle Cell Disease By Homologous Recombination, Li-Chen Wu

All ETDs from UAB

The hematological disorder sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent human genetic disease. It causes severe tissue damage that can result in strokes, splenic infarction, kidney failure, liver and lung disorders, painful crises, and other complications. Although palliative therapies and allogenic stem cell transplantation therapies have been developed for this disorder, there is still no optimal treatment and SCD patients continue to suffer significant morbidity. Recently, several powerful technologies have been developed that increase the possibility for developing therapeutic treatments for SCD. Previously, our lab group demonstrated that SCD can be corrected in our humanized mouse model by transduction of …

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The Use Of Molecular Imaging To Evaluate Te Efficacy Of Treatments For Metastatic Breast Cancer, April Adams Szafran Jan 2008

The Use Of Molecular Imaging To Evaluate Te Efficacy Of Treatments For Metastatic Breast Cancer, April Adams Szafran

All ETDs from UAB

The development of molecular imaging technologies has allowed biomedical researchers to study the process of cancer metastasis in animal models of disease. Bioluminescence imaging has been a crucial tool for non-invasive monitoring of tumor growth, dissemination, and response to therapies. In this report, we have applied bioluminescence imaging to evaluate the efficacy of Death Receptor 5 agonist therapy for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis, predominately to the skeleton, in an athymic nude mouse model. Initially, we determined that bioluminescence imaging was the most ideal technology for studying secondary bone lesions in vivo when compared to both x-ray Computed Tomography …

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The Role Of Ddx3 In Regulating Apoptosis, P53 And Snail, Mianen Sun Jan 2008

The Role Of Ddx3 In Regulating Apoptosis, P53 And Snail, Mianen Sun

All ETDs from UAB

Cancer is a common disease that causes high rates of lethality. Resistance to cancer therapy is one major obstacle for producing an effective cancer treatment. Clarifying mechanisms of cancer development, such as resistance to apoptosis and metastasis, can provide important information for developing effective cancer treatment strategies. In the present study, DDX3 was demonstrated to have effects on both responses to cancer treatment and cancer development. DDX3 together with glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was found to impede death receptor-induced apoptosis, which is important because death receptors are activated by some cancer treatments. Additionally, DDX3 was shown to regulate two proteins …

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Expression And Function Of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In Human Vascular Endothelial Cells, Ryan C. Splittgerber Jan 2008

Expression And Function Of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In Human Vascular Endothelial Cells, Ryan C. Splittgerber

All ETDs from UAB

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in neural and non-neural tissues and have been reported to play a role in neovascularization and vascular diseases of the eye, specifically age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). However, the subunit composition of functional nAChRs, their mechanisms of action, and the downstream signaling pathways in non-neuronal tissues are not well understood. Since some nAChR subtypes have high Ca2+ permeability, we investigated the possible role of Ca2+ in activating signaling cascades that underlie the affects of nAChR activation in Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HDMECs). RT-PCR experiments revealed message for nearly all of the known …

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Friction Produced By Esthetic Brackets With Varying Ligation, Christine Knox Abenoja Jan 2008

Friction Produced By Esthetic Brackets With Varying Ligation, Christine Knox Abenoja

All ETDs from UAB

Controlling friction is an important aspect of orthodontics because it allows more predictable tooth movement with less anchorage loss. Friction at the bracket/archwire/ligation interface can reduce the force available for desired tooth movement. Initial stages of orthodontic treatment depend on the ability of the archwire to slide freely through the bracket, making friction an important aspect of all orthodontic brackets in the early phases of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to measure the force to move esthetic brackets over an archwire using different ligation methods. A stainless steel model reproducing the maxillary right dentition …

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Degradation Of The Huntingtin Polyglutamine Domain By The Proteasome: Implication To Huntington’S Disease, Marie Antoinette Blaize Jan 2008

Degradation Of The Huntingtin Polyglutamine Domain By The Proteasome: Implication To Huntington’S Disease, Marie Antoinette Blaize

All ETDs from UAB

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. HD results from the genetic mutation that leads to an abnormally expanded polyglutamine (PolyQ) sequence within the protein. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of ubiquitinated mutant htt, suggesting dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Interestingly, there is data suggesting that the proteasome may not have the ability to efficiently degrade abnormally expanded polyglutamine. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that there is proteasome impairment in HD and in cell models that expressed mutant htt, suggesting that mutant htt may cause dysfunction of the proteasome. Therefore, in this study, we further …

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Age And Gender Differences In Hip Extension And Flexion Torque Steadiness, Iveta Grunte Jan 2008

Age And Gender Differences In Hip Extension And Flexion Torque Steadiness, Iveta Grunte

All ETDs from UAB

Purpose of this study was to compare age and gender differences in hip extension (HE) and flexion (HF) relative (5, 25, and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]) and absolute (25 Nm) torque steadiness measured as standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of torque fluctuations, and torque accuracy (TA). MVC and steadiness were assessed for 20 young (24.0 + 2.2 yrs) and 11 older (65.4 + 4.5 yrs) men and women. MVC was lower for HF, but HE had greater torque fluctuations. For HE, CV of 5% MVC was greater for older compared to young adults and women …

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Bone Formation Around Implants In Adult Transgenic Mice With Selective Runx2-Ii Deficiency, Jaime Rodrigo Rivera Jan 2008

Bone Formation Around Implants In Adult Transgenic Mice With Selective Runx2-Ii Deficiency, Jaime Rodrigo Rivera

All ETDs from UAB

Titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) tacks were placed in the tibiae of 10 female wild type (Runx2 flox/+ or Runx2 flox/flox) and heterozygous (Runx2+/-, ColII Cre) mice littermates to examine healing and bone response. Animals were divided into control and test groups of 5 each. A novel generation of Runx2 knock-out mice where the gene is only deleted in chondrocytes was used. Ten days after implant surgery, specimens were recovered and prepared for histological, histomorphometric, and micro-CT morphometric analysis. Histological examination revealed that wild type animals presented larger regions of bone formation and endochondral ossification when compared to heterozygous mice. Micro-CT morphometric analysis …

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Oral Mucositis In Children Receiving Bone Marrow Transplantation, Francisco Jose Rodriguez Jan 2008

Oral Mucositis In Children Receiving Bone Marrow Transplantation, Francisco Jose Rodriguez

All ETDs from UAB

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the factors that influence the incidence, severity, onset, and resolution of oral mucositis in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Methods: One hundred and fifty medical records were reviewed of patients that received BMT. Daily values of white blood cell (WBC) counts were obtained to associate it’s correlation with the incidence, severity, onset, and resolution of oral mucositis. Age group and gender of the patients, type of bone marrow transplant, the use of methotrexate, the use of total body irradiation, and the previous treatment with chemotherapy were obtained to analyze …

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A Rhetoric Of Resolution: The Limits Of Competition, Michael Schandorf Jan 2008

A Rhetoric Of Resolution: The Limits Of Competition, Michael Schandorf

All ETDs from UAB

The idea of competition underlies most all Western cultural practices making conflict inevitable, but understanding the world in terms of constant, perpetual competition limits the development of lasting, adaptive, and constructive solutions to human problems and conflicts. While competition serves the vital functions of quality control and the identification of best practices, the function of “Competition” as a god term betrays a misunderstanding of both the value and process of competition as an instrument, and demonstrates how human conceptualization, mediated by language, can direct the development and acquisition of knowledge into narrow channels and exclude ways of understanding that are …

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Success Rates Of Temporary Anchorage Devices Placed In An Orthodontic Clinic, Alex C. Schreiber Jan 2008

Success Rates Of Temporary Anchorage Devices Placed In An Orthodontic Clinic, Alex C. Schreiber

All ETDs from UAB

In recent years, the use of a variety of temporary placed implants to attain absolute anchorage has been described in the orthodontic literature. The use of temporary implants, fixed to bone, overcomes some of the limitations of traditional anchorage and their reliance on patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors relating to the successful placement of miniscrew temporary anchorage devices in an orthodontic clinic. The orthodontic records of patients who had miniscrews placed during their treatment at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic were selected. After application of the inclusion …

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Conservational Implications Of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination, Corie L. Therrien Jan 2008

Conservational Implications Of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination, Corie L. Therrien

All ETDs from UAB

A variety of reptiles have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), where incubation temperature determines gender. This form of sex determination has significant conservational implications because it has the potential of producing highly biased sex ratios which can affect the reproductive output of a population. TSD is of particular interest to conservation programs that use hatcheries to artificially incubate the eggs of endangered sea turtles because such programs need to select specific incubation temperatures in an effort to produce a desired sex ratio. This type of sex determination also has evolutionary implications as it may be advantageous for an animal to produce …

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Study Of Nano-Mechanical Properties Of 3d Scaffolds Prepared From Polycaprolactone And Hydroxyapatite, Parul Tyagi Jan 2008

Study Of Nano-Mechanical Properties Of 3d Scaffolds Prepared From Polycaprolactone And Hydroxyapatite, Parul Tyagi

All ETDs from UAB

Nanocomposite scaffolds based on nanofibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) with fixed polymer compositions (7.5wt%) but different total wt% were prepared by electrostatic co-spinning to mimic the nanofeatures of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) for natural bone tissue. Electrospinning is used to produce ultra-fine fibers using a high-voltage electrostatic field. The proposed concentrations of NanoHA in polymer were 0wt%, 10wt%, 20wt%, 30wt%, 40wt%, 50wt%. NanoHA was found to be well dispersed in polymers up to the addition of 30wt%, whereas substantial beading, electro-spraying and agglomeration of HA particles was observed in 40wt% and 50wt%. There are several factors which may …

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Quantitative Protein Detection In Serum Samples Using Fiber-Optic Biosensors, Chun-Wei Wang Jan 2008

Quantitative Protein Detection In Serum Samples Using Fiber-Optic Biosensors, Chun-Wei Wang

All ETDs from UAB

We report highly specific and sensitive detection of proteins in serum samples using a combination tapered fiber-optic biosensor (CTFOB) dip-probe. Sandwich immunoassay was used to generate specific fluorescence signal. A novel competitive adsorption strategy was used to reduce the false signal from non specific binding to a negligible level. Moreover, the similar strategy was also used to reduce the loss of target protein and increase the accuracy of immunoassay. The probes do not require pre-treatment with any blocking buffer. The specificity of the sensor was established by using negative control probes. The CTFOB probes were able to detect human interleukin-6 …

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Comparison Of Two Methods For Differentiating Negative From Inconclusive Gc-Ms Test Results Using An Isotopic Analog Of The Analyte As The Internal Standard - 11-Nor-Δ9- Tetrahydrocannabinol-9-Carboxylic Acid Example, Laura S. Waters Jan 2008

Comparison Of Two Methods For Differentiating Negative From Inconclusive Gc-Ms Test Results Using An Isotopic Analog Of The Analyte As The Internal Standard - 11-Nor-Δ9- Tetrahydrocannabinol-9-Carboxylic Acid Example, Laura S. Waters

All ETDs from UAB

In the testing of urine samples for illicit drugs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a drop in internal standard response is an indicator of possible sample adulteration. In 2007, Dennis V. Canfield (Liu et al. 2007) developed a formula to calculate factor A, an empirically determined value for the lowest acceptable internal standard (IS) signal-to-noise (S/N) response. Using this method, Liu et al. were able to distinguish true negatives from samples showing interference by ibuprofen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the detection of 11-nor-9-carboxy-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) in urine samples. To determine if Liu’s method can be universally applied, a set of …

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The Public Domain: Enclosing The Commons Of The Mind, James Boyle Jan 2008

The Public Domain: Enclosing The Commons Of The Mind, James Boyle

Faculty Scholarship

Our music, our culture, our science and our economic welfare all depend on a delicate balance between those ideas that are controlled and those that are free, between intellectual property and the public domain. In his award-winning book, The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind (Yale University Press) James Boyle introduces readers to the idea of the public domain and describes how it is being tragically eroded by our current copyright, patent, and trademark laws. In a series of fascinating case studies, Boyle explains why gene sequences, basic business ideas and pairs of musical notes are now owned, …

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A Construct With Fluorescent Indicators For Conditional Expression Of Mirna., Linghua Qiu, Hongyan Wang, Xugang Xia, Hongxia Zhou, Zuoshang Xu Jan 2008

A Construct With Fluorescent Indicators For Conditional Expression Of Mirna., Linghua Qiu, Hongyan Wang, Xugang Xia, Hongxia Zhou, Zuoshang Xu

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Transgenic RNAi holds promise as a simple, low-cost, and fast method for reverse genetics in mammals. It may be particularly useful for producing animal models for hypomorphic gene function. Inducible RNAi that permits spatially and temporally controllable gene silencing in vivo will enhance the power of transgenic RNAi approach. Furthermore, because microRNA (miRNA) targeting specific genes can be expressed simultaneously with protein coding genes, incorporation of fluorescent marker proteins can simplify the screening and analysis of transgenic RNAi animals. RESULTS: We sought to optimally express a miRNA simultaneously with a fluorescent marker. We compared two construct designs. One expressed …

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New Strategy For The Search Of Natural Biologically Active Substances., Vyacheslav Dushenkov, Ilya Raskin Jan 2008

New Strategy For The Search Of Natural Biologically Active Substances., Vyacheslav Dushenkov, Ilya Raskin

Publications and Research

The modern pharmaceutics actively screens an immense diversity of substances occurring in plants and other natural resources in the search for new effective medicinal agents. The Global Institute for Bioexploration (GIBEX) established by joint efforts of Rutgers University and the University of Illinois (United States) represents the organizational core of international scientific community whose activity is directed towards the search and development of new medicinal preparations from natural raw materials. The basis of GIBEX activity is the transfer of modern screening technologies to countries and geographical regions characterized by remarkable biodiversity. The GIBEX goals are to encourage the search for …

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Development Of New Stimuli-Responsive Vesicles Using A Novel Surfactant, Yuming Yang Jan 2008

Development Of New Stimuli-Responsive Vesicles Using A Novel Surfactant, Yuming Yang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Many amphiphilic molecules (surfactants) possess the ability to aggregate in aqueous solution to form thermodynamically stable aggregates that have potential for use as molecule containers and delivery systems in analytical or pharmaceutical applications. However, it is difficult to release the encapsulated molecules from these aggregates under a controllable manner, and this problem has dramatically limited the application of these aggregated systems. This study addresses this problem through fundamental structure modification by development of a novel redox stimuli-responsive amphiphile capable of forming vesicle aggregates. Aggregate structure can be adjusted through redox stimulation. The release of agents from the core of the …

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Denaturation Transition Of Stretched Dna, Andreas Hanke, Martha G. Ochoa, Ralf Metzler Jan 2008

Denaturation Transition Of Stretched Dna, Andreas Hanke, Martha G. Ochoa, Ralf Metzler

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

We generalize the Poland-Scheraga model to consider DNA denaturation in the presence of an external stretching force. We demonstrate the existence of a force-induced DNA denaturation transition and obtain the temperature-force phase diagram. The transition is determined by the loop exponent c, for which we find the new value c=4ν−1/2 such that the transition is second order with c=1.85DNA, corresponding to a lower melting temperature T(F), in agreement with single-molecule DNA stretching experiments.

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Size-Controlled Synthesis Of Monodisperse Core/Shell Nanogels, William H. Blackburn, L. Andrew Lyon Jan 2008

Size-Controlled Synthesis Of Monodisperse Core/Shell Nanogels, William H. Blackburn, L. Andrew Lyon

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Small, monodisperse nanogels (similar to 50-nm radius) were synthesized by free-radical precipitation polymerization and were characterized using a suite of light scattering and chromatography methods. Nanogels were synthesized with either N-isopropylacrylamide or N-isopropylmethacrylamide as the main monomer, with acrylic acid or 4-acrylamidofluorescein as a comonomer and N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) as a cross-linker. By varying the surfactant and initiator concentrations, particle size was controlled while maintaining excellent monodispersity. An amine-containing shell was added to these core particles to facilitate subsequent bioconjugation. Successful conjugation of folic acid to the particles was demonstrated as an example of how such materials might be employed in a …

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Monte Carlo Modeling Of Spatial Coherence: Free-Space Diffraction, Donald D. Duncan, David G. Fischer, Scott A. Prahl Jan 2008

Monte Carlo Modeling Of Spatial Coherence: Free-Space Diffraction, Donald D. Duncan, David G. Fischer, Scott A. Prahl

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a Monte Carlo method for propagating partially coherent fields through complex deterministic optical systems. A Gaussian copula is used to synthesize a random source with an arbitrary spatial coherence function. Physical optics and Monte Carlo predictions of the first- and second-order statistics of the field are shown for coherent and partially coherent sources for free-space propagation, imaging using a binary Fresnel zone plate, and propagation through a limiting aperture. Excellent agreement between the physical optics and Monte Carlo predictions is demonstrated in all cases. Convergence criteria are presented for judging the quality of the Monte Carlo predictions.

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Student Satisfaction With Online Learning Effectiveness At A Connecticut Community College, Alina R. Payne Jan 2008

Student Satisfaction With Online Learning Effectiveness At A Connecticut Community College, Alina R. Payne

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In recent years, institutions of higher education have dramatically increased the number of online courses and degree programs offered to students, and yet it remains unclear what factors determine student satisfaction with online course and instructor effectiveness. Accordingly, the purpose of this exploratory correlation study was to examine how factors related to courses and instructors contributed to student perceptions of course quality (CQ) and instructor effectiveness (IE). Six stepwise regression procedures assessed the effects of specific course and instructor characteristics on perceptions of CQ and IE across one year of course evaluation data collected in a northeastern 2-year college. Results …

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