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Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Immunomodulatory And Protective Effects Of Sugar Cane Juice In Chickens Against Eimeria Infection, Masood Akhtar, M. Abdul Hafeez, Faqir Muhammad, Ahsan Ul Haq, M. Irfan Anwar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Present paper reports the effects of sugar cane juice (SCJ) on immune responses and its protection against Eimeria (mixed species) infections in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 was conducted to test the dose efficacy of SCJ and its effects on chickens against coccidiosis. Maximum weight gain per day was recorded in chickens given SCJ @ 400 mg/kg body weight. Significantly (P < 0.01) low mortality and increased body weight gain per day were recorded in chickens administered SCJ orally and challenged with mixed species of genus Eimeria. Furthermore, mild hemorrhages, lower lesion scores (+1), and significantly lower number of oocysts shed in faeces were recorded in immunized chickens compared to control. Experiment 2 was carried out to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of SCJ on cellular and humoral responses. Highest antibody titres (1:1024-1:16; GMT 367.28) were recorded in chickens administered SCJ @ 400 mg/kg body weight in comparison with control (1:16-1:2; GMT 2.82). To demonstrate the cell mediated immunity (CMI), amplitude of toe-web swelling 72 h post avian tuberculin injection was recorded in the experimental and control groups. Maximum swelling (8.13 ± 0.21 mm) was recorded in the experimental group as compared to control (1.04 ± 0.10); indicating higher cell mediated immune response. From these results it was concluded that SCJ elicit a significantly higher cellular and humoral responses compared to control, which may provide protection against Eimeria infections (mixed species) in chickens.

Toxicity Of Heliotropium Dolosum, Heliotropium Circinatum, And Senecio Vernalis In Parental Quail And Their Progeny, With Residue Evaluation Of Eggs, Yesari̇ Eröksüz, Ali̇ Osman Çeri̇başi, Aydin Çevi̇k, Hati̇ce Eröksüz, Fatma Tosun, Uğur Tamer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In all, 160 Japanese quail (80 male and 80 female) were divided into 4 groups (3 test groups and 1 control group). The test groups were fed a diet containing aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers) of Senecio vernalis (SV group), Heliotropium dolosum (HD group), or Heliotropium circinatum (HC group) at the level of 30% for 6 weeks, and the control group was fed 0% in order to evaluate parental and progenial toxicity, along with the transference of alkaloid residues to their eggs. The pyrrolizidine alkaloid content in the feed was 390 mg/kg in the HD group, 450 mg/kg in …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Genetic Parameters Of Residual Energy Intake And Its Correlations With Other Traits In Holstein Dairy Cattle, Pouya Zamani, Seied Reza Miraei Ashtiani, Hosein Mohammadi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Residual energy intake (REI) or residual feed intake (RFI), defined as the difference between actual energy intake, is predicted on the basis of requirements for maintenance, milk production, and body weight change of an animal. Genetic variation of REI and its relationships with dry matter intake, milk yield, fat corrected milk yield and milk fat, and protein yields was investigated using 3503 monthly records collected from 906 Holstein lactating cows. Variance components were estimated using univariate and multivariate animal models with the derivative-free approach of restricted maximum likelihood algorithm, fitting animal models with fixed effects of herd-year-season, parity number and …

Associations Between Ghr And Igf-1 Gene Polymorphisms, And Reproductive Traits In Wenchang Chickens, Hui Fang Li, Wen Qi Zhu, Kuan Wei Chen, Xu Wu, Qing Ping Tang, Yu Shi Gao

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Alleles of physiological candidate genes for reproductive traits, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth hormone receptor (GHR) were assessed to determine their associations with total egg production (NE), average days of continual egg-laying (ADCE), and number of double yolk eggs (DYE) in Wenchang chickens (Chinese indigenous breed). PCR-RFLP was used for genotype identification. The frequency of restriction enzyme C1/C2 alleles in the population was 0.53 (C1) and 0.47 (C2) for IGF-1. For GHR-intron 2 it was 0.06 and 0.94 for (A1) and (A2), respectively, while for GHR-intron 5 it was 0.20 (B1) and 0.80 (B2). Four significant associations were found …

Oxidative Cyclisation Of 3-Oxopropanenitriles Mediated Manganese(Iii) Acetate With 2-Thienyl Substituted Alkenes, Mehmet Yilmaz, Neşe Uzunali̇oğlu, Mehtap Yakut, A. Tarik Pekel

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The oxidative cyclisation of 3-oxopropanenitriles 1a-g with alkenes 2a-c containing 2-thienyl group by manganese(III) acetate was studied. Treatment of 3-oxopropanenitriles 1a-d with 2-[(E)-2-phenylvinyl] thiophene 2a gave 4-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitriles 3a-d in moderate yields (52%-60%). 5-(2-thienyl) substituted 4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitriles 3e-i were obtained by the oxidative cyclisation of these 3-oxopropanenitriles with 2-[(E)-1-methyl-2- phenylvinyl]thiophene 2b in good yields (54%-68%). In addition, the reactions of 2-(1-phenylvinyl)thiophene 2c with various 3-oxopropanenitriles produced 4,5-dihydrofurans 3j-n containing heterocycle in 77%-91% yields.

Novel Analogues Of 2-Pyrazoline: Synthesis, Characterization, And Antimycobacterial Evaluation, Ahmet Özdemi̇r, Gülhan Turan Zitouni, Zafer Asim Kaplancikli

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Fourteen new 1-[(N,N-disubstitutedthiocarbamoylthio)acetyl]- 3-(2-thienyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by reacting 1-(chloroacetyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazolines and appropriate sodium salts of N,N-disubstituted dithiocarbamoic acids in acetone. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, ^1H-NMR, and FAB^+-MS spectral data. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the BACTEC 460 radiometric system and BACTEC 12B medium. The preliminary results showed that all of the tested compounds were inactive against the test organism.

Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Hydroxylamine At A Quinizarine Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: Application To Differential Pulse Voltammetry Detection Of Hydroxylamine, Mohammad Mazloumardakani, Payam Ebrahimi Karami, Hossein Naeimi, Bibifatemeh Mirjalili

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The electrocatalytic behavior of hydroxylamine was studied on a glassy carbon electrode modified by electrodeposition of quinizarine, using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and rotating disk voltammetry as diagnostic techniques. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the catalytic current of the system depends on the concentration of hydroxylamine. The magnitude of the peak current for quinizarine increased sharply in the presence of hydroxylamine and proportional to hydroxylamine concentration. The diffusion coefficient of hydroxylamine and the catalytic rate constant for the catalytic reaction of quinizarine with hydroxylamine were also estimated using a rotating disk electrode experiment. The kinetics parameters of this process were calculated, and …

The Synthesis And Antimicrobial Activity Of \\\\Gamma-Butyrolactone Derivatives, Slobodan Sukdolak, Slavica Solujic-Sukdolak, Nenad Vukovic, Tanja Milosevic

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This paper examines the synthesis of \gamma-butyrolactone compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, and 9, and their potential antimicrobial nature and ability. The structures of all the compounds mentioned above were determined and confirmed with elemental analyses, and IR, ^1H-NMR, and ^{13}C-NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, and 9 was examined and evaluated against the following pathogens: Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. Compound 5 (20 mg/mL) demonstrated high antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis, which was closely comparable to the antimicrobial …

Production Of (S)-(-)-1-(1´-Napthyl) Ethanol By Rhodotorula Glutinis Isolate Using Ram Horn Peptone, Esabi̇ Başaran Kurbanoğlu, Kani̇ Zi̇lbeyaz, Namudar I. Kurbanoğlu, Mesut Taşkin, Hamdullah Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The bioreduction of 1-acetonaphthone 1 by locally isolated Rhodotorula glutinis strains using ram horn peptone (RHP) gave (S)-(-)-1-(1´-naphthyl) ethanol (2), an important pharmaceutical intermediate. R. glutinis strains were isolated from the water of fermented Salix leaves. Optimum fermentation conditions for the production of 2 were 200 rpm, 32 °C, and pH 6.5. The production of 2 with excellent enantiomeric excess (>99%), and good conversion (100%) and yield (78%) under optimum conditions was achieved up to preparative scale via a fermenter. Wide temperature, pH, time, and agitation ranges did not affect the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the bioreduction product. A …

Examination Of The Electroanalytic Performance Of Carbon Nanotube (Cnt) Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes As Xanthine Biosensor Transducers, Ülkü Anik, Meli̇ha Çubukçu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) on carbon paste electrode (CPE) electrochemical response was examined by introducing various portions of CNT into the CPE. The optimum electrode structure was determined by comparing the prepared electrodes´ electroanalytical performance towards ferricyanide. Then these optimum compositions were modified with xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme for obtaining a xanthine biosensor. After the optimization of biosensor working conditions, the developed systems were characterized for xanthine. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range between 1 and 100 \mu M xanthine with an RSD value of 3.35% for MWCNT-CPE, while with SWCNT-CPE …

Preparation, Characterization, And Potentiometric Titrations Of Some New Di-[3-(3-Alkyl/Aryl-4,5-Dihydro-1h-1,2,4-Triazol-5-One-4-Yl)-Azomethinphenyl] Isophthalate/Terephthalate Derivatives, Haydar Yüksek, Özlem Gürsoy Kol

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

3-Alkyl(Aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (2) reacted with di-(3-formylphenyl) isophthalate (3) and di-(3-formylphenyl) terephthalate (6) to afford the corresponding 6 novel di-[3-(3-alkyl/aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl)- azomethinphenyl] isophthalates (4) and 6 novel di-[3-(3-alkyl/aryl-4,5- dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl)-azomethinphenyl] terephthalates (7), respectively. The acetylation reactions of compounds 4 and 7 were investigated, and 5 and 8 type compounds were obtained, respectively. The new compounds synthesized were characterized by using IR, ^1H-NMR, ^{13}C-NMR, and UV spectral data together with elemental analysis. In addition, to investigate the effects of solvents and molecular structure upon acidity, compounds 4 and 7 were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in 5 non-aqueous solvents (isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, …

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Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of 1,4´-Diazaflavone And N-Alkyl Derivative Pigments With Anti-Microbial Activity, Nuran Yayli, Osman Üçüncü, Nuretti̇n Yayli, Emi̇ne Demi̇r, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

1,4'-Diazaflavone pigment (2) was synthesized by a simple environmentally friendly microwave-assisted one-pot method for the cyclization of 2'-amino (E)-4''-aza-chalcone (1) under solventless conditions using K-10 clay. In addition, 10 new N-alkyl (C_{5-12, 14-15}) substituted 1,4' -diazaflavonium bromide pigments (3-12) were prepared from compound 2 or directly from compound 1, with corresponding alkyl halides in acetonitrile under reflux. The anti-microbial activity of compounds 1-12 was tested. The N-alkyl substituted 1,4' -diazaflavonium bromides (3-12) showed good antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacteria tested with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for the reference antibiotic kanamycin. The optimum length of the alkyl chain for …

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Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2008), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2008 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates and Kudos
• Women in Medicine: A Legacy of Achievement
• Reflections from the Past
• Leaders in Academic Medicine
• Advocates of Women’s Health
• Physician Workforce Issues: Bridging the Gender Gap
• Specialties: Breaking Down Barriers
• Founders’ Day
• James H. Black, DO ’62, O.J. Snyder Memorial Medal
• Sallee Ann Eckler, PhD, (DO ’08), Mason W. Pressly Memorial Medal
• Harm Reduction Therapy
• Willing and Able to Make a Difference
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn Essay
• Alumni Weekend 2008
• PCOM Events

Bo36-5-Web.Pdf, Bird Observer

Bird Observer

No abstract provided.

Stress Responsiveness In Nestlings: A Comparison Of Two Sampling Techniques, Alfred M. Dufty

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

I compared the effects on plasma corticosterone levels of two methods of collecting blood samples during standardized capture and handling stress protocols. In one method, individual nestling American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) were bled at three time periods: when initially removed from the nest, and 15 and 30 min later. In the other method, siblings removed from a nest were bled once each, either at the time of removal, or 15 or 30 min later. I found that there was no difference between the two groups in plasma corticosterone levels at the first sampling period, but 15 and 30 min after …

The Philosophy Of Forensic Scientific Identification, Allan Jamieson

UC Law Journal

This paper outlines a convenient categorization of the means by which evidence moves from crime scene to court; the forensic process. This process is proposed to include; Protection, Recording, Collection, Analysis, Interpretation, Evaluation, and Presentation.

A rational scientific approach to the process is discussed in terms of a cycle of observation, and hypothesis building and testing. The matching process, common to almost all forensic sciences, is assessed in the forensic and scientific contexts. Particular emphasis is recommended to differentiate between the processes of interpretation and evaluation. 'Interpretation' is proposed to be the results of the analytical process with no case-dependent …

Duty To The Unborn: A Response To The Smolensky, Jaime King

UC Law Journal

Advances in assisted reproductive technology and genetic testing continue to offer parents a plethora of new reproductive choices. As a result, we now face significant moral and legal challenges regarding how to balance the interests of parents, children born through the procedure, and society as a whole. This Essay analyzes Professor Kirsten Smolensky's argument in favor of permitting children the right to sue their parents in tort law for manipulating their DNA prior to implantation to produce a disabling trait. While Smolensky's basic argument is sound, a more encompassing standard would create a duty to potential offspring to act as …

Continuing Abuse Of The Hatch-Waxman Act By Pharmaceutical Patent Holders And The Failure Of The 2003 Amendments, Mathew Avery

UC Law Journal

The Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984 established a system whereby generic manufacturers can seek to market generic equivalents of a pioneer's patented drug prior to the patent's expiry. But the original Act also contained provisions that were exploited by patent holders to delay generic competition and thereby extend their monopoly sales. Congress amended the Hatch-Waxman Act to address these abusive practices with the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003. This Note analyzes how the 2003 amendments failed to remedy exploitation of the Hatch-Waxman Act by pharmaceutical patent holders who use reverse payments and authorized generics to manipulate the 180-day market exclusivity given …

Creating Children With Disabilities: Parental Tort Liability For Preimplantation Genetic Interventions, Kirsten Rabe Smolensky

UC Law Journal

Using preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), parents can now screen embryos for genetic traits such as deafness and achondroplasia (dwarfism). Studies show that some parents intentionally choose embryos with disabilities because that genetic trait runs in the family. This recent trend raises the important legal question of whether a child can sue his parents in tort for selecting or engineering disabling genetic traits.

This Article suggests that children both can and should be able to successfully sue parents who engage in certain direct genetic interventions. First, tort law should protect a child's moral right to an open future where parents' preimplantation …

Intentional Diminishment, The Non-Identity Problem, And Legal Liability, I. Glenn Cohen

UC Law Journal

This Article, lying at the intersection of law and bioethics, examines whether it is wrongful to use assisted reproductive technology to intentionally create disabled children, and whether legal liability should attach to such acts. In particular, this Article considers the way these issues are intertwined with what philosophers have called the "Non-Identity Problem," the idea that so long as a resulting child will have a life worth living the child cannot be harmed by being brought into existence, because even an impoverished life is better than not existing at all.

In her article in this Issue, Kirsten Smolensky suggests that …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 30, No. 4, Winter 2008, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Non-Nutritive Suck Parameter In Preterm Infants With Rds, Meredith Estep, Steven M. Barlow, Rajesh Vantipalli, Donald Finan, Jaehoon Lee

Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications

Objective—To characterize the integrity of non-nutritive suck (NNS) parameters among three groups of preterm infants ranging from normal to those with progressive degrees of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Study Design—NNS compression waveforms were sampled from 55 infants in the neonatal intensive care unit using a silicone pacifier electronically instrumented for intraluminal pressure. Seven select NNS parameters were measured at two different sessions, and statistically analyzed using a General Linear Model Analysis of Covariance.

Results and Conclusions—Preterm infants with a more extensive history of RDS and oxygen therapy manifest significantly (p≤0.001) degraded performance on six of the seven NNS measures. This …

Refuge Update – January/February 2008, Volume 5, Number 1

RefugeUpdate (USFWS-NWRS)

Table of Contents:
Forces of Nature Wreak Havoc, page 3
Focus on…Contaminants, pages 8-15
Volunteers Tell Their Stories, pages 18-19
Whatever Happened to . . ., page 22