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2008

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Articles 11941 - 11970 of 15505

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Salvadora Persica L. Extracts Against Some Isolated Oral Pathogens In Iraq, Firas A. Al-Bayati, Khudir D. Sulaiman Jan 2008

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Salvadora Persica L. Extracts Against Some Isolated Oral Pathogens In Iraq, Firas A. Al-Bayati, Khudir D. Sulaiman

Turkish Journal of Biology

Aqueous and methanol extracts of Salvadora persica L., a plant used in Iraq for oral hygiene, was investigated for its antimicrobial activities against 7 isolated oral pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using disc diffusion and micro-well dilution assays. According to both antimicrobial assays the aqueous extract inhibited all isolated microorganisms, especially the Streptococcus species, and was more efficient than the methanol extract, which was resisted by Lacto. acidophilus and Ps. aeruginosa. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed using the aqueous extract against Strep. faecalis (zone of inhibition: 22.3 mm; …

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Educating Illinois, 2008-2014: Priorities For Illinois' First Public University, Illinois State University Jan 2008

Educating Illinois, 2008-2014: Priorities For Illinois' First Public University, Illinois State University

Educating Illinois (2000-2018)

Strategic plan of Illinois State University

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Two Cyclocoelids From The Lesser Yellowlegs, Tringa Flavipes (Scolopacidae), From The Central Flyway Of North America, Including The Description Of Haematotrephus Selfi N. Sp. (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae), Norman O. Dronen, Scott L. Gardner, F Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz Jan 2008

Two Cyclocoelids From The Lesser Yellowlegs, Tringa Flavipes (Scolopacidae), From The Central Flyway Of North America, Including The Description Of Haematotrephus Selfi N. Sp. (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae), Norman O. Dronen, Scott L. Gardner, F Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz

Publications

Seven specimens of cyclocoelids (6 specimens representing Haematotrephus selfi n. sp. and 1 specimen representing a second unidentified species of Haematotrephus) collected by the late Dr. J. Teague Self, former professor, Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A., from the body cavities of 3 lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes, (2 birds collected from Roger Mills County, Oklahoma on 23 and 29 August 1963, and 1 collected from Manitoba, Canada on 3 June 1964) and deposited in the Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska are described. Haematotrephus selfi n. sp. can be distinguished from all other …

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The Systematic Position Of Lauroiinae Skrjabin And Schikhobalova, 1951 (Nemata: Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae), As Revealed By The Analysis Of Traits Used In Its Diagnosis, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott L. Gardner, Dely Noronha, Roberto Magalhaes Pinto Jan 2008

The Systematic Position Of Lauroiinae Skrjabin And Schikhobalova, 1951 (Nemata: Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae), As Revealed By The Analysis Of Traits Used In Its Diagnosis, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott L. Gardner, Dely Noronha, Roberto Magalhaes Pinto

Publications

During our work on biodiversity of parasites of mammals of the Neotropics we collected numerous nematodes assignable to species of the family Aspidoderidae (Nemata: Heterakoidea). These nematodes occur as parasites of the cecum and large intestine of marsupials, rodents and xenarthrans (armadillos) only in the New World. As aspidoderid nematodes have been little studied beyond their alpha taxonomy, it is the purpose of the present paper to apply phylogenetic systematic methods to more completely understand the evolutionary relationships of the included species. Members of the aspidoderid subfamily Lauroiinae have had very little work applied to their systematic relationships and no …

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Two New Harlequin Frogs (Anura: Atelopus) From The Andes Of Northern Peru, Pablo J. Venegas, Alessandro Catenazzi, Karen Siu Ting, Jorge Carrillo Jan 2008

Two New Harlequin Frogs (Anura: Atelopus) From The Andes Of Northern Peru, Pablo J. Venegas, Alessandro Catenazzi, Karen Siu Ting, Jorge Carrillo

Publications

Two new species of Atelopus (harlequin frogs) are described from the Andes of northern Peru, one from the northern Cordillera de Huancabamba (Departamento de Piura), 2,950 m elevation, and the other from an inter-Andean valley of the upper Marañon basin, Cordillera Central (Departamento de La Libertad), 2,620 m elevation. We also suggest the possible link between infection by the chytrid fungus and mortality of harlequin frogs in the upper Marañon basin in 999.

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Multiple Captures Of White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus): Evidence For Social Structure?, George A. Feldhamer, Leslie B. Rodman, Timothy C. Carter, Eric M. Schauber Jan 2008

Multiple Captures Of White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus): Evidence For Social Structure?, George A. Feldhamer, Leslie B. Rodman, Timothy C. Carter, Eric M. Schauber

Publications

Multiple captures (34 double, 6 triple) in standard Sherman live traps accounted for 6.3% of 1355 captures of Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mice) in forested habitat in southern Illinois, from Oct. 2004 through Oct. 2005. There was a significant positive relationship between both the number and the proportion of multiple captures and estimated monthly population size. Multiple captures were all intraspecific and occurred significantly more often from Nov. through Mar. when animals were not reproductively active, but this was confounded by seasonal changes in abundance. Age/gender distribution of animals in double captures did not differ from that expected from random pairing. …

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Predator-Prey Dynamics: The Role Of Olfaction, By Michael R. Conover., Eric M. Schauber Jan 2008

Predator-Prey Dynamics: The Role Of Olfaction, By Michael R. Conover., Eric M. Schauber

Publications

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Population Size And Density On Pollinator Visitation, Pollinator Behavior, And Pollen Tube Abundance In Lupinus Perennis, Christopher E. Bernhardt, Randall J. Mitchell, Helen J. Michaels Jan 2008

Effects Of Population Size And Density On Pollinator Visitation, Pollinator Behavior, And Pollen Tube Abundance In Lupinus Perennis, Christopher E. Bernhardt, Randall J. Mitchell, Helen J. Michaels

Biology Faculty Research

Both the number and the density of flowering plants in a population can be important determinants of pollinator abundance and behavior. We report the joint effects of population size and density on pollinator visitation and pollination success for Lupinus perennis (Fabaceae). Focusing on five pairs of populations, we matched one small population (125-800 flowering plants) with one distinctly larger population (1000-3000 flowering plants). In these pairs, population size did not affect pollinator communities or pollination success. All measures of pollination success increased significantly with density. Only bee behavior (number of flowers probed per inflorescence) exhibited a significant interaction of size …

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2008-2009 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Graduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale Jan 2008

2008-2009 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Graduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale

SIU Bulletins and Course Catalogs Archives

No abstract provided.

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2208-2009 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Undergraduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale Jan 2008

2208-2009 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Undergraduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale

SIU Bulletins and Course Catalogs Archives

No abstract provided.

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Disturbing Constructions Of Tropical Savannas And The People Who Burn Them, Cynthia Fowler Jan 2008

Disturbing Constructions Of Tropical Savannas And The People Who Burn Them, Cynthia Fowler

Faculty Scholarship

The transition from equilibrium to non-equilibrium models of ecosystems in the biological sciences during the past several decades parallels an evolution in the ways that anthropologists understand culture. Reconceptualizations of ecosystem processes (e.g., disturbance) and units (e.g., landscapes) are apparent in fire science where they have influenced a conversion from the belief that fire is a destructive artificial force to the belief that fire is a controllable natural element. What adjustments have fire scientists made in their understandings of people who ignite fires? Even though fire science literature is voluminous, the sociocultural and biophysical relationships surrounding fire are insufficiently understood. …

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Curriculum Reform In Science Education In Pakistan, Nelofer Halai Jan 2008

Curriculum Reform In Science Education In Pakistan, Nelofer Halai

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

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Behavior Of An Escolar Lepidocybium Flavobrunneum In The Windward Passage As Determined By Popup Satellite Archival Tagging, David Kerstetter, P. H. Rice, Derke Snodgrass, Eric Prince Jan 2008

Behavior Of An Escolar Lepidocybium Flavobrunneum In The Windward Passage As Determined By Popup Satellite Archival Tagging, David Kerstetter, P. H. Rice, Derke Snodgrass, Eric Prince

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

In June 2003, fisheries research was conducted in the Windward Passage using a chartered commercial pelagic longline vessel (Rice and Snodgrass 2003). This paper describes the habitat use by an escolar in this location tagged with a pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) that remained attached to the fish for 14 d. Data recovered from the PSAT were used to directly document diel vertical migration and ambient temperature range for the first time in a mesopelagic teleost.

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Patterns Of Migration/Mobility And Hiv Risk Among Female Sex Workers: Tamil Nadu 2007-08, Niranjan Saggurti, Ravi K. Verma, Suvakanta N. Swain, Hanimi Reddy Modugu, Ajay Kumar Singh, Saumya Ramarao, Anrudh K. Jain Jan 2008

Patterns Of Migration/Mobility And Hiv Risk Among Female Sex Workers: Tamil Nadu 2007-08, Niranjan Saggurti, Ravi K. Verma, Suvakanta N. Swain, Hanimi Reddy Modugu, Ajay Kumar Singh, Saumya Ramarao, Anrudh K. Jain

HIV and AIDS

In past years, considerable research has been undertaken on the role of female sex workers (FSWs) in the transmission of HIV infection. FSWs have been seen as a major “source” of infection, and consequently, have been extensively targeted to prevent its spread. There is, however, a gap in our understanding of the dynamics of sex work, sex workers' patterns of mobility, and the relationship of such mobility with risk of HIV infection and gender-based violence. The Population Council collaborated with its local partner, TNS, to carry out a study in Tamil Nadu to examine the patterns of mobility of FSWs …

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Cranial Anatomy And Taxonomy Of Dolichorhynchops Bonneri New Combination, A Polycotylid (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) From The Pierre Shale Of Wyoming And South Dakota, F. Robin O’Keefe Jan 2008

Cranial Anatomy And Taxonomy Of Dolichorhynchops Bonneri New Combination, A Polycotylid (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) From The Pierre Shale Of Wyoming And South Dakota, F. Robin O’Keefe

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

The taxonomic identity of two well-preserved polycotylid plesiosaur skeletons from the Pierre Shale of far northern Wyoming and southern South Dakota has been controversial since their discovery. Originally referred to Dolichorhynchops osborni, the material was almost immediately christened Trinacromerum bonneri Adams 1997; more recently the material has been referred toPolycotylus. Recent preparation of the well-preserved skull of one specimen permits detailed examination of the cranial morphology of this animal for the first time, and allows for its inclusion in a cladistic analysis of the Polycotylidae. This analysis reveals a stable sister-taxon relationship with Dolichorhynchops osborni. However, …

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Annual Secondary Production Of Fungal And Bacterial Decomposers Associated With Standing And Benthic Litter Of The Freshwater Emergent Macrophyte, Typha Angustifolia , Brian Matthew Ohsowski Jan 2008

Annual Secondary Production Of Fungal And Bacterial Decomposers Associated With Standing And Benthic Litter Of The Freshwater Emergent Macrophyte, Typha Angustifolia , Brian Matthew Ohsowski

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Fungi and bacteria are significant decomposers of plants within wetlands, but annual secondary production investigations are lacking. Microbial carbon assimilation into biomass and CO2 mineralization may contribute considerably to wetland biogeochemical cycling and energy flow. Naturally-occurring Typha angustifolia detritus was collected to determine annual areal carbon flow through secondary decomposers. Two decay phases, standing-dead and benthic litter, were analyzed concurrently to determine fungal (14C-acetate incorporation) and bacterial (3H-leucine incorporation) production estimates. Gradual collapse of the 2004 cohort standing-dead stocks resulted in lowest litter biomass at study's end while benthic detrital stocks displayed little biomass fluctuation. …

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Optimization Of 12 Chiral Analytes With 8 Polymeric Surfactants, Eugene Billiot, Fereshteh Billiot, Isiah M. Warner Jan 2008

Optimization Of 12 Chiral Analytes With 8 Polymeric Surfactants, Eugene Billiot, Fereshteh Billiot, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

This manuscript discusses the results of studies that were performed to determine optimum capillary electrophoresis (CE) conditions for the enantiomeric resolution of twelve chiral analytes with eight amino acid based polymeric surfactants. The parameters that were optimized include pH, buffer type, and concentration of surfactant. The results indicated that the optimum conditions for enantiomeric separations with the amino acid based polymeric surfactants examined in this study using CE were analyte dependent, not surfactant dependent. In other words, the optimum conditions for a particular analyte were the same for all the amino acid based polymeric surfactants examined in this study. The …

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Entry Approach Into Pristine Ice-Sealed Lakes-Lake Vida, East Antarctica, A Model Ecosystem, Peter T. Doran, Christian H. Fritsen, Alison E. Murray, Fabien Kenig, Chris P. Mckay, Jay D. Kyne Jan 2008

Entry Approach Into Pristine Ice-Sealed Lakes-Lake Vida, East Antarctica, A Model Ecosystem, Peter T. Doran, Christian H. Fritsen, Alison E. Murray, Fabien Kenig, Chris P. Mckay, Jay D. Kyne

Faculty Publications

Ice-sealed lakes, potentially home to novel microbiota and microbial processes, can provide a window into isolated and geologically ancient systems. These habitats are earth analogs for extraterrestrial systems that have yet to be sampled, though potentially harbor, or have harbored life at some time during their past. They are also small-scale models of the numerous sub-glacial lake systems, which have been identified across Antarctica and in Iceland. Methods are needed to sample these ecosystems with environmental stewardship in mind, in which human impact on the ecosystem is mitigated before and during sampling. This report describes an entry and sampling approach …

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Dna Inhibits Catalysis By The Carboxyltransferase Subunit Of Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase: Implications For Active Site Communication, Brian K. Benson, Glen Meades, Anne Grove, Grover L. Waldrop Jan 2008

Dna Inhibits Catalysis By The Carboxyltransferase Subunit Of Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase: Implications For Active Site Communication, Brian K. Benson, Glen Meades, Anne Grove, Grover L. Waldrop

Faculty Publications

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the first committed step in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli carboxyltransferase component of ACC revealed an α2b 2 subunit composition with two active sites and, most importantly, a unique zinc domain in each ab pair that is absent in the eukaryotic enzyme. We show here that carboxyltransferase binds DNA. Half-maximal saturation of different single-stranded or double-stranded DNA constructs is seen at 0.5-1.0 μM, and binding is cooperative and nonspecific. The substrates (malonyl-CoA and biocytin) inhibit DNA:carboxyltransferase complex formation. More significantly, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, and heparin inhibit the …

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Temperature And Vegetation Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Quality Along A Forested Mean Annual Temperature Gradient In North America, Cinzia Fissore, Christian P. Giardina, Randall K. Kolka, Carl C. Trettin, Gary M. King, Martin F. Jurgensen, Christopher D. Barton, S. Douglas Mcdowell Jan 2008

Temperature And Vegetation Effects On Soil Organic Carbon Quality Along A Forested Mean Annual Temperature Gradient In North America, Cinzia Fissore, Christian P. Giardina, Randall K. Kolka, Carl C. Trettin, Gary M. King, Martin F. Jurgensen, Christopher D. Barton, S. Douglas Mcdowell

Faculty Publications

Both climate and plant species are hypothesized to influence soil organic carbon (SOC) quality, but accurate prediction of how SOC process rates respond to global change will require an improved understanding of how SOC quality varies with mean annual temperature (MAT) and forest type. We investigated SOC quality in paired hardwood and pine stands growing in coarse textured soils located along a 22 °C gradient in MAT. To do this, we conducted 80-day incubation experiments at 10 and 30 °C to quantify SOC decomposition rates, which we used to kinetically define SOC quality. We used these experiments to test the …

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Central And Peripheral Administration Of Kisspeptin Activates Gonadotropin But Not Somatotropin Secretion In Prepubertal Gilts, Clay A. Lents, Neely L. Heidorn, C. Richard Barb, J. Joe Ford Jan 2008

Central And Peripheral Administration Of Kisspeptin Activates Gonadotropin But Not Somatotropin Secretion In Prepubertal Gilts, Clay A. Lents, Neely L. Heidorn, C. Richard Barb, J. Joe Ford

Faculty Publications

It is well established that kisspeptin signaling is necessary for the onset of puberty in laboratory animals. However, the role that kisspeptin may have in regulating puberty in large domestic animals is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that either central or peripheral infusion of kisspeptin would stimulate gonadotropin and GH secretion in prepubertal gilts. In experiment 1, prepubertal gilts were fitted with i.c.v. cannula and indwelling jugular catheters. Animals were randomly assigned to receive 0, 10, or 100 μg kisspeptin in saline. In experiment 2, prepubertal gilts, fitted with indwelling jugular catheters, randomly received 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 mg …

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Components, Volume 4 (2008), Lsu Center For Computation & Technology Jan 2008

Components, Volume 4 (2008), Lsu Center For Computation & Technology

Components

No abstract provided.

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Phonotaxis To Amphibian Vocalizations In Culex Territans (Diptera: Culicidae), Kristen Bartlett-Healy, Wayne Crans, Randy Gaugler Jan 2008

Phonotaxis To Amphibian Vocalizations In Culex Territans (Diptera: Culicidae), Kristen Bartlett-Healy, Wayne Crans, Randy Gaugler

Faculty Publications

Culex territans Walker (Diptera: Culicidae) acquires bloodmeals from amphibian hosts. Females overwinter as inseminated adults and exit diapause in New Jersey when spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) are calling. We tested the hypothesis that Cx. territans uses amphibian vocalizations as a long-distance attractant. Two thirds of females oriented toward sound across all experiments. Females allowed to orient toward or away from a frog call, bird song, live frog, or control (a plugged in compact disc player) exhibited positive phonotaxis only to the frog call. Females exhibited positive phonotaxis to calls of P. crucifer, Hyla versicolor (northern gray tree frog), Bufo americanus …

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The Termite Menace In New Orleans: Did They Cause The Floodwalls To Tumble?, Gregg Henderson Jan 2008

The Termite Menace In New Orleans: Did They Cause The Floodwalls To Tumble?, Gregg Henderson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Uncovering A Macrophage Transcriptional Program By Integrating Evidence From Motif Scanning And Expression Dynamics, Stephen A. Ramsey, Sandy L. Klemm, Daniel E. Zak, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Vesteinn Thorsson, Bin Li, Mark Gilchrist, Elizabeth S. Gold, Carrie D. Johnson, Vladimir Litvak, Garnet Navarro, Jared C. Roach, Carrie M. Rosenberger, Alistair G. Rust, Natalya Yudkovsky, Alan Aderem, Ilya Shmulevich Jan 2008

Uncovering A Macrophage Transcriptional Program By Integrating Evidence From Motif Scanning And Expression Dynamics, Stephen A. Ramsey, Sandy L. Klemm, Daniel E. Zak, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Vesteinn Thorsson, Bin Li, Mark Gilchrist, Elizabeth S. Gold, Carrie D. Johnson, Vladimir Litvak, Garnet Navarro, Jared C. Roach, Carrie M. Rosenberger, Alistair G. Rust, Natalya Yudkovsky, Alan Aderem, Ilya Shmulevich

Faculty Publications

Macrophages are versatile immune cells that can detect a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns through their Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In response to microbial challenge, the TLR-stimulated macrophage undergoes an activation program controlled by a dynamically inducible transcriptional regulatory network. Mapping a complex mammalian transcriptional network poses significant challenges and requires the integration of multiple experimental data types. In this work, we inferred a transcriptional network underlying TLR-stimulated murine macrophage activation. Microarray-based expression profiling and transcription factor binding site motif scanning were used to infer a network of associations between transcription factor genes and clusters of co-expressed target genes. The time-lagged …

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Exploring Mechanisms Involved In Grapevine Bud Paradormancy, Dong He Jan 2008

Exploring Mechanisms Involved In Grapevine Bud Paradormancy, Dong He

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Regulation of the growth cycle in grapevine is important for crop production and vine survival. In particular, maintenance of the developing bud in paradormancy is critical for the vine to produce shoot and flower primordia for the next seasons while preventing bud outgrowth in the current season. Developing an understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating paradormancy can contribute to better cultural management of vine canopy during the growing season; however, a systematic study of axillary bud paradormancy has not been done. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate factors influencing maintenance of axillary bud paradormancy and explore the underlying …

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Modeling The Fate Of Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products In Sewage Treatment Plants, Craig D. Adams Jan 2008

Modeling The Fate Of Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products In Sewage Treatment Plants, Craig D. Adams

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Chemical fate models can be used to estimate the transformation reactions and the partitioning behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Modeling the fate of PPCPs in a STP requires parameters such as rate constants or partition coefficients that are often unique to a specific STP, and that may exhibit significant temporal variability. Chemical fate models provide both a valuable test of our understanding of the fundamental underlying mechanisms regarding the fate of PPCPs in STPs, as well as a means of providing both qualitative and quantitative estimates for PPCP removal. This paper is …

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"Almost Impossible In Praise" Dedicatory Criticism In English Dramatic Texts Of The Seventeenth Century, David Roberts Jan 2008

"Almost Impossible In Praise" Dedicatory Criticism In English Dramatic Texts Of The Seventeenth Century, David Roberts

1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era

No abstract provided.

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Unnatural Conjugation In Tristram Shandy, Book Vii, Arnd Bohm Jan 2008

Unnatural Conjugation In Tristram Shandy, Book Vii, Arnd Bohm

1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era

No abstract provided.

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Nesting And Brood-Rearing Success And Resource Selection Of Greater Sage-Grouse In Northwestern South Dakota, Nicholas W. Kaczor Jan 2008

Nesting And Brood-Rearing Success And Resource Selection Of Greater Sage-Grouse In Northwestern South Dakota, Nicholas W. Kaczor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Understanding population dynamics and resource selection is crucial in developing wildlife resource management plans, particularly for sensitive species. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations have declined range-wide at a rate of 2% per year from 1965 to 2003. In South Dakota, populations have generally declined. Reasons for the decline are mostly attributed to human-induced factors such as sagebrush degradation and removal, improper range management practices, oil and gas exploration, and West Nile virus infection. Sage-grouse occupy habitats at the eastern edge of their range in western South Dakota. We conducted a 2-year study to investigate the nesting and brood-rearing ecology of …

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