Digital Commons Network^™

Continuum: Selecting Inquiry-Based Experiences To Promote A Deeper Understanding Of The Nature Of Science, Matthew D. Bannerman

Iowa Science Teachers Journal

Whether explicitly or implicitly, science teachers constantly convey an image of the nature of science (NOS) in their classrooms. The actions of the teacher, how the class is run, and the instructional patterns all convey an image of what authentic science is like. As such, significant attention to inquiry-based instructional practices is required to accurately portray the NOS. However, even teaching through inquiry, while necessary, is insufficient for NOS understanding. This article presents four factors that teachers should consider when teaching the NOS. This article addresses National Science Education Content Standards A and G, and Iowa Teaching Standards 3, 4, …

Nos: Integrating The Nature Of Science Throughout The Entire School Year, Jerrid Kruse

Iowa Science Teachers Journal

Secondary school students possess many significant misconceptions regarding the nature of science (NOS). Accurately portraying the NOS throughout the school year is necessary for promoting desired conceptual change. However, few teachers devote more than an isolated unit to the NOS, and rarely explicitly raise NOS issues while teaching science content during the rest of the year. This practice is problematic considering the implicit inaccurate NOS messages generally present within the science classroom. This paper discusses how to explicitly integrate accurate NOS instruction through the entire school year, and provides examples illustrating how to do so. This article promotes National Science …

Painting An Accurate Picture Of The Nature Of Science, Jesse Wilcox, Elizabeth Potter

Iowa Science Teachers Journal

Understanding the nature of science (NOS) is an essential part of scientific literacy (McComas, 1998; Robinson, 1969; Shamos, 1995; Abd-El-Khalick & Lederman, 2000). When the NOS is taught in context-related inquiry activities and historical examples all school year, students show improvement in NOS understanding (Kruse, 2008; Khishfe & Abd-El-Khalick, 2002) that persists into the next academic year (Clough, 1995). Even so, educators often struggle with how to accurately and explicitly incorporate the NOS in an already packed curriculum. This article presents an activity that explains how science content and the NOS can both be effectively taught at the same time. …

Professional Development: The Need To Assess Yourself, Michael P. Clough

Iowa Science Teachers Journal

Effective science teaching is highly complex and demands sophisticated decision-making. Few administrators are in a position to understand the complexities and nuances of effective science teaching, and rarely are they able to provide the detailed feedback and ongoing support needed to help science teachers meet the vision set forth in science education reform documents. Thus, meaningful improvement in science teaching requires science teachers to accurately and continuously consider their own practice, thoroughly reflect on that practice, and implement strategies to move their practice forward. This article provides approaches useful for monitoring classroom teaching practices, self-assessing those practices, and strategies to …

Are Questions Enough?: An Action Research Investigation To Analyze The Effect Of Questions And Non-Verbal Behaviors On Student Responses With Suggestions For Improving Practice, Ben Herman

Iowa Science Teachers Journal

Action research has been advocated as an effective way to improve teaching practice. I conducted action research to determine the effect of question type and non-verbal behaviors on students' responses. Question type in conjunction with non-verbal behaviors are crucial considerations when motivating quality responses from students in science classrooms. This article addresses National Science Education Standards A and G and Iowa Teaching Standards 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

Observations On The Distribution And Status Of Western Sand Darter, Spotted Gar, And Skipjack Herring In Iowa Rivers, Travis E. Neebling, Michael C. Quist

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

This paper describes new records of western sand darter (Ammocrypta clara), spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), and skipjack herring (Alosa chrysochloris) in Iowa's interior rivers. A western sand darter was collected from the Cedar River, Benton County, in 2007. Western sand darters are occasionally collected from the upper Mississippi River (UMR), but have not been sampled in interior rivers since 1958. Two spotted gar were collected from the Des Moines River, Polk and Wapello counties, in 2007. Two spotted gar were sampled from the UMR in 2000, but no spotted gar have been previously recorded from Iowa's interior rivers. A skipjack …

The General Public License Version 3.0: Making Or Breaking The Foss Movement, Clark D. Asay

Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review

Free and open source software (FOSS) is a big deal. FOSS has become an undeniably important element for businesses and the global economy in general, as companies increasingly use it internally and attempt to monetize it. Governments have even gotten into the act, as a recent study notes that FOSS plays a critical role in the US Department of Defense's systems. Others have pushed for the adoption of FOSS to help third-world countries develop. Given many of its technological and developmental advantages, FOSS's use, adoption, and development are only projected to grow.[...] The FSF created the most popular version of …

Royalty Rate-Setting For Webcasters: A Royal(Ty) Mess, Amy Duvall

Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review

The Internet is a haven for free expression. Not only are content-based restrictions disfavored, but "[the internet] provides relatively unlimited, low-cost capacity for communication of all kinds." Almost half of all Americans have listened to music online, whether rebroadcasts of terrestrial radio or to find niche music that terrestrial radio simply does not play, and 13 percent tune in regularly. Webcasters provide a unique outlet for new artists; however, if royalty rates are set too high for all but the largest webcasters to stay in business, the variety of music available will be severely restricted. Musical diversity stimulates the generation …

Can We Dicker Online Or Is Traditional Contract Formation Really Dying - Rethinking Traditional Contract Formation For The World Wide Web, Tatiana Melnik

Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review

When most people imagine the process of contract formation, they picture two people sitting down and negotiating, arguing about particular contract provisions and particular contract terminology, and maybe even involving attorneys to draft an "official" version of the contract. Regardless of the specific details people imagine, traditional contract formation generally involves some form of negotiation between two parties where they choose one set of terms over another. In modern society, however, such negotiation happens very rarely. People enter into many contracts on a daily basis, for example, when they purchase goods or services online. Online purchases are governed by computers, …

University Of Michigan Law School Faculty, 08/09, University Of Michigan Law School

Miscellaneous Law School History & Publications

Biographies of the University of Michigan Law School faculty.

Data Envelopment Analysis For Establishing The Financial Benchmark Of Korean Hotels, Hokey Min, Hyesung Min, Seong Jong Joo, Joungman Kim

Management Faculty Publications

In the wake of catastrophic natural disasters and rising threats of terrorism, the hotel industry has seen a decline in revenue and an increase in competition. To avoid a downward spiral, the hotel industry needs to develop more competitive business strategies in order to make its operations lean and robust. These strategies may include: customer relationship management, yield management, niche marketing and continuous improvement of financial health. The success of these strategies hinges on the ability of hotel managers to assess the financial efficiency of their hotel in comparison to competition. In an effort to help hotel management enhance its …

Statistically Designed Experiments In The Examination Of Factors Influencing Regioselectivity In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions, Jason Adam Mann

Theses & Honors Papers

Statistically designed experiments were developed and executed in order to determine the effects of several variables on the regiochemistry of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions. One experiment employed the electrophilic aromatic bromination of phenol, and indicated that temperature and concentration had statistically insignificant effects on the product composition of the reaction , while the mole ratio of bromine to phenol and percent water content of the solvent had significant effects at the 95% confidence level (i.e. a=0.05). Another experiment investigated the Friedel-Craf ts acylation of three butylbenzene isomers, and showed that temperature and reaction time had insignificant influences on product …

Unitarily Invariant Norms And Tensor Products Of Maximal Injective Von Neumann Subalgebras, Junsheng Fang

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation consists of four contributions to the study of von Neumann algebras. In the first part, we set up a representation theorem for unitarily invariant norms on finite factor von Neumann algebras. In the second part, we set up a representation theorem for unitarily invariant norms related to infinite factor von Neumann algebras. In the third part, we introduce a notion of completely singular von Neumann subalgebras and characterize the class of completely singular von Neumann subalgebras. In the fourth part, we study a longstanding open question on the tensor product of maximal injective von Neumann subalgebras.

The first …

The Venetian Blind Effect, Binocular Luster, And Binocular Rivalry, Richard S. Hetley

Doctoral Dissertations

When one views a square-wave grating and changes the average luminance or contrast of the monocular images relative to each other, at least three perceptual phenomena occur. These are the Venetian blind effect, or a perceived rotation of the bars around individual vertical axes; binocular luster, or a perceived shimmering; and binocular rivalry, or an alternating perception between the views of the two eyes. In this paper, it is shown that increasing the dichoptic luminance modulation leads to these three phenomena in sequence, while increasing dichoptic contrast modulation generally only leads to perceived rotation.

It is also shown that average …

Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Of Relevance To The Marine Boundary Layer, Xuyi Cai

Doctoral Dissertations

The chlorine atom (Cl) is a potential oxidant of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere and is hypothesized to lead to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in coastal areas. The purpose of this dissertation is to test this hypothesis and quantify the SOA formation potentials of some representative biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons when oxidized by Cl in laboratory chamber experiments. The chosen model compounds for biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in this study are three monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and d-limonene) and two aromatics (m-xylene and toluene), respectively. Results indicate that the oxidation of these monoterpenes and aromatics generates significant amounts …

Stratified-Drift Aquifers In New Hampshire With Potential To Serve As Future, Large Public Water-Supplies: Status, Circa 2000; Projected Losses, Circa 2025; And Data Accuracy, John Alexander Lough

Doctoral Dissertations

Given the growing national water crisis, this research quantified and refined the states of stratified-drift aquifers with potential to yield 75+ gpm (OSDA75) and 150+ gpm (OSDA150) in New Hampshire for 2000 and 2025. Surface waters, cultural features and groundwater hazards from 13 federal/state datasets were buffered according to desired well yields, and then overlain within a geographic information system onto stratified-drift aquifer (OSDA) layer. Non-buffered, highly-transmissive polygons defined the aquifer areas remaining available with potential to meet 75+gpm or 150+ gpm well yields (RSDA75 or RSDA150). Aquifer losses for 2025 were modeled by principal-components regression as function of aquifer …

Flow Through And Around Fish Farming Nets, Oystein Patursson

Doctoral Dissertations

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, tow tank and field measurements were used to investigate current flow through and around net panels and cages. For the numerical computations a porous media model was used to represent the net allowing efficient computation of both exterior and interior flow fields. The model was calibrated using tow tank measurements on a net panel at different velocities and angles of attack. The CFD method was able to reproduce the drag- and lift coefficients of the net panel and the velocity reduction behind the net panel with satisfactory accuracy.

The approach was validated for a small …

Dynamics Of Phytoplankton Community Composition In The Western Gulf Of Maine, Timothy S. Moore

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation is founded on the importance of phytoplankton community composition to marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes and motivated by the need to understand their distributions on regional to global scales. The ultimate goal was to predict surface phytoplankton communities using satellite remote sensing by relating marine habitats--defined through a statistical description of environmental properties--to different phytoplankton communities. While phytoplankton community composition is governed by the interplay of abiotic and biotic interactions, the strategy adopted here was to focus on the physical abiotic factors. This allowed for the detection of habitats from ocean satellites based on abiotic factors that were …

Evaluation Of In Vitro Methods To Estimate Digestibility Of Amino Acids In The Rumen Undegraded Protein Fraction Of Feedstuffs, Sarah Boucher

Doctoral Dissertations

Soybean meal, SoyPlusRTM, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and fish meal samples were used in the evaluation of the modified three-step, the immobilized digestive enzyme assay ( IDEA), the guanidination, and the furosine in vitro procedures to estimate intestinal digestibility of amino acids in rumen undegraded protein ( RUP-AA). Identifying an in vitro method to estimate RUP-AA digestibility will allow for routine analysis of feeds for this parameter, which can lead to more accurate formulation of dairy rations. To determine the adequacy of these procedures, in vivo RUP-AA digestibility estimates were obtained using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Rumen …

Planar Algebra Of Families Of Subfactors, Paramita Das

Doctoral Dissertations

The standard invariant is an object that classifies a fairly general class of subfactors and was reformulated by Vaughan Jones as 'planar algebras'. We compute the planar algebra of two families of subfactors arising out of actions of finitely generated groups on a II 1 factor in an attempt to see whether this class can be enlarged. This is a joint work with Dietmar Bisch and Shamindra Ghosh.

Biologically Inspired Composite Image Sensor For Deep Field Target Tracking, Pavlo Melnyk

Doctoral Dissertations

The use of nonuniform image sensors in mobile based computer vision applications can be an effective solution when computational burden is problematic. Nonuniform image sensors are still in their infancy and as such have not been fully investigated for their unique qualities nor have they been extensively applied in practice. In this dissertation a system has been developed that can perform vision tasks in both the far field and the near field. In order to accomplish this, a new and novel image sensor system has been developed. Inspired by the biological aspects of the visual systems found in both falcons …

The Effect Of Component Recognition On Flexibility And Speech Recognition Performance In A Spoken Question Answering System, Mike Dalton

Doctoral Dissertations

A spoken question answering system that recognizes questions as full sentences performs well when users ask one of the questions defined. A system that recognizes component words and finds an equivalent defined question might be more flexible, but is likely to have decreased speech recognition performance, leading to a loss in overall system success. The research described in this document compares the advantage in flexibility to the loss in recognition performance when using component recognition.

Questions posed by participants were processed by a system of each type. As expected, the component system made frequent recognition errors while detecting words (word …

Improved Estimation Of Fourier Coefficients For Ill-Posed Inverse Problems, Mikhail V. Shubov

Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation we present and solve an ill-posed inverse problem which involves reproducing a function f(x) or its Fourier coefficients from the observed values of the function. The observations of the f(x) are made at n equidistant points on the unit interval with p observations being made at each point. The observations are effected by a random error with a known distribution.

First of all we present a very simple estimator for the Fourier coefficients of f(x). Then we present an iteration algorithm for improving the estimator for the Fourier coefficients. We show that the improved estimator we use …

The Social Production Of Community Garden Space: Case Studies Of Boston, Massachusetts And Havana, Cuba, Charles A. French

Doctoral Dissertations

This research incorporates 'production of space' theory to explore how individual and societal characteristics influence community gardening practices and outcomes for individuals and neighborhoods in Havana, Cuba and Boston, Massachusetts. Methods used for this research include demographic analysis, interviews, surveys, field mapping, photo documentation and direct observation. The hope is that this research will bring to light certain policies and actions that will help ensure access to community garden space by diverse individuals. The following describes the main findings of this research.

In Boston, some neighborhoods experiencing rapidly escalating rents are also experiencing an outmigration of ethnic minorities, particularly Hispanic-Latinos …

The Fallacy Of Endless Growth: Exposing Capitalism's Insustainability, William S. Strauss

Doctoral Dissertations

What if we were to have 100 years of no growth? What if conditions were such that there is no future scenario under which growth will ever occur again? We might characterize this as impossible, as a vision that violates the outcome that we as innovative people must realize.

In the document that follows I will show you our world as it must be sometime in the future. I will describe a world in which the real growth of the world economy is zero and remains zero. I will tell a story of a world that is so different from …

Free Entropy Dimensions And Approximate Liftings, Weihua Li

Doctoral Dissertations

In the first chapter of the dissertation, we give a very elementary proof of a more detailed version of one of D. Voiculescu's results, which was a key ingredient in Voiculescu's proof that his free entropy is additive when the variables are free.

In the second chapter of the dissertation, based on the notion of upper free orbit-dimension introduced by D. Hadwin and J. Shen, we introduce a new invariant on finite von Neumann algebras that do not necessarily act on separable Hilbert space. We show that this invariant is independent of the generating set, and we obtain a number …

Eckstein Hall Groundbreaking, Joseph D. Kearney, Robert A. Wild S.J., Shirley S. Abrahamson, Chief Judge Frank H. Easterbrook, Natalie A. Black, Rev. James P. Flaherty S.J., Thomas P. Ganey

Marquette Law Review

No abstract provided.

Management Department History, John J. Vitton

UND Departmental Histories

This departmental history was written on the occasion of the UND Quasquicentennial in 2008.

Enrollment Management Unit, Alice L. Hoffert

UND Departmental Histories

This departmental history was written on the occasion of the UND Quasquicentennial in 2008.

"Ephemeral Data" And The Duty To Preserve Discoverable Electronically Stored Information, Kenneth J. Withers

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.