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The All-Woman Texas Supreme Court: The History Behind A Brief Moment On The Bench., Alice G. Mcafee

St. Mary's Law Journal

On the surface, there is nothing particularly noteworthy about the case of Johnson v. Darr, and, in fact it was not the merits of the case that made the headlines. It was the makeup of the tribunal. Long before women in Texas were even granted the right to serve on juries and before any woman ever served as a judge on any of the lower Texas courts, the judges appointed to hear the case of Johnson v. Darr were all women. This was the first time a woman was appointed in any capacity to serve on the Texas judiciary and …

On The Trail To Increased Client Protection: Attorney Contingent Fee Contract Termination In Light Of Hoover V. Walton Recent Development., Tiffanie S. Clausewitz

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

A Marginal Tax: The New Franchise Tax In Texas Comment., David A. Vanderhider

St. Mary's Law Journal

Taxation has long been a point of contention for both individuals and businesses. Primarily, taxation serves as a convenient and calculated method of allocating precious resources to areas in need. Although many states use property and income taxes as the preferred methods for funding these programs, Texas has a constitutional restriction on state taxation of individuals’ incomes. This means Texas has largely relied on property and business taxes to fund these programs. In 1991, while trying to avoid unconstitutional taxes on individuals’ incomes, the Texas Legislature adopted a franchise tax which taxed Texas businesses according to their capital. In 2006, …

Surreptitious Recording By Attorneys: Is It Ethical., Carol M. Bast

St. Mary's Law Journal

Ethical rules generally set forth commonly held ethics principles in broad terms which usually generate little debate. What has generated a great deal of debate is whether it is ethical for an attorney to record a conversation. The American Bar Association’s (ABA) view of the issue has shifted over the years. Originally, the practice was held to be unethical except for certain well-defined exceptions involving government attorneys. The 2001 ABA opinion officially withdrew the original opinion allowing attorneys to secretly record a conversation with a non-client where it is not illegal. States’ opinions as to whether conversation recording is ethical …

Bullying In America's Middle Schools : Identifying Factors That Affect School Environment, Marnie M. L. Leiferman

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this literature review is to explore bullying, and to examine how school environment can affect it. Bullying can (a) place a student at harm or fear of harm, (b) have a detrimental effect on a student's physical or mental health, (c) interfere with a student's academic performance, and/or (d) interfere in the student's ability to participate or benefit from activities at school. Many experts think that a positive school environment can reduce the incidences of bullying at school.

Using Web 2.0 Technology To Support Collaborative Learning In Distance Education, Sarah E. Ling

Graduate Research Papers

Distance education continues to grow in popularity with higher education institutions across the country. A shift in pedagogy towards collaborative learning activities within the online learning environments is designed to bring students together as a group. This review of research investigates how Web 2.0 technology has proven to be useful in these collaborative activities. Various issues and obstacles are addressed which may arise in the use of this social software for collaborative learning within a distance education setting. The introduction of Web 2.0 software to distance education may hold the key to creating powerful collaborative learning experience for students who …

Music And The Brain, Kimberly D. Madison

Graduate Research Papers

A great deal of literature focuses on the subject of music and the brain and how music can affect learning. Music stimulates brain patterns, and therefore should be considered essential in an academic setting. This review was written to provide an analysis of the published literature and studies in the area of music and cognitive development, to examine how the brain is wired for music, and to determine whether music is an effective tool in enhancing environmental and cognitive learning conditions in classrooms.

Highly Elevated Adenosine Deaminase Level In Brucellar Pleural Effusion, Mustafa Kasim Karahocagi̇l, Hayretti̇n Akdeni̇z, Azi̇z Dursun Kirikçi, Hasan Karsen, Bünyami̇n Sertoğullari

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Pleural involvement is a rare presentation of brucellosis. There are only a few case reports in the literature presenting with pleural involvement due to brucellosis. In this report, we present a case with exudative pleural fluid first considered as tuberculous pleurisy due to lymphocyte predominance and elevated level of pleural adenosine deaminase, but later diagnosed as brucella pleurisy with positive serologic and microbiologic test results. In conclusion, in the differential diagnosis of pleurisies, routine serologic and bacteriologic methods appear to be more important than pleural adenosine deaminase elevation, especially in regions endemic for both tuberculosis and brucellosis.

A Personal Ethics Responsibility Example: The Relationship Between Child Development And Drugs Taken By Pregnant Mother, Çağatay Üstün, Özge Özgürler

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Personal responsibility is an important ethical concept. The pregnant mother should regard this concept as of prime importance. The pregnant mother should take some precautions in order to protect her own health and that of her baby in order to provide for its normal development. In this communication, we address the general effects of medications or drugs ingested by a pregnant mother on the baby. Thus, we target refinement of the personal ethic responsibility of the mothers.

Seminal Plasma Transforming Growth Factor-\Beta (Tgf-\Beta) And Epidermal Growth Factor (Egf) Levels In Patients With Varicocele, Üçler Kisa, M. Murad Başar, Mehmet Ferhat, Osman Çağlayan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze seminal plasma epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-\beta (TGF-\beta) levels in infertile patients with varicocele and normal fertile cases, and to evaluate the relationships between seminal plasma EGF and TGF-\beta, seminal parameters and serum hormone levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with varicocele were enrolled into the study. Semen analyses were performed after 2 and 5 days of sexual abstinence. These patients were divided into two groups based on the results of semen analysis as oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (Group 1) and normal semen analysis (Group 2). Additionally, 100 …

The Effects Of Intravenous Glutamine On Bacterial Translocation And Intestinal Morphology In Experimental Pancreatitis, Hüseyi̇n Berkem, Bülent C. Yüksel, Ruki̇ye Berkem, S. Yi̇ği̇t Yildiz, Kubi̇lay Gündoğdu, İ. Hakan Özel, Serdar Topaloğlu, Süleyman Hengi̇rmen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intravenous glutamine administration on bacterial translocation and intestinal morphology in rats with induced acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 12 for each group). Pancreatitis was induced with ligation of the main pancreatobiliary duct except in the sham group, in which only periportal dissection was performed. Rats in the sham and control groups were exposed to standard rat pellet. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was administered solely to the pancreatitis + TPN group and together with glutamine (Gln) to the pancreatitis …

Is Ghrelin A Natural Anti-Microbial Agent?, Süleyman Aydin, Hi̇kmet Geçki̇l, Nermi̇n Kiliç, Fazi̇let Erman, S. Sirri Kiliç, Özfer Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Conservation In Developing Countries, Shahina A. Ghazanfar

Turkish Journal of Botany

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) set a number of targets to work towards by 2010 in order to aid conserve the world´s biodiversity. Several countries are now aiming at ex-situ and in-situ programmes for the protection and conservation of plant species through the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation targets (GSPC). Is it possible to achieve these targets in rapidly developing countries where the usage of land for urban expansion and agriculture to support basic human needs holds priority? How can conservation and development be sustainable? I take examples from a rapidly developing country in the Arabian Peninsula to show …

Standardized Testing And Alternative Assessment As A Means Of Measuring The Science Student, Johnpaul L. Collins

Graduate Research Papers

Should standardized tests be used as a means to effectively measure the work that is being done in today's science classroom. Accountability is a major issue in the subject of standardized testing, and constitutes the importance of this study. A review of literature has indicated that standardized testing has not necessarily improved education; and that alternative assessments are a more accurate measure of a student's knowledge. However cost, distribution, speed /accuracy of correction and distribution of data are on the side of the standardized format. There is a move by some states to alter the format of standardized tests, so …

Curriculum Reform: A Comparison Of A Teacher Created Rock Unit And The Sepup Rock And Mineral Unit, Derek Thomas Wibe

Graduate Research Papers

When the Cedar Rapids Community School District selected a new science curriculum for the fall of 2007, questions arose about how this new curriculum compared with the old curriculum. The new curriculum is similar to the old curriculum when compared by content standards and benchmarks but when the curricula as a whole are compared there are some differences. The seventh grade content curriculum did not experience many significant changes since the new curriculum still covers a large amount of Earth science. Specifically both curricula covered rocks so I decided to focus my research study on comparing the two curricula and …

No One Will Love You If You Are Fat, Mary Lynn Gerzema

Graduate Research Papers

Research shows that media plays a dominant role in influencing teenage females' perception of the world around them, as well as helping them to define their sense of self. This paper examines the influence that media has on the adolescent females' feelings towards their sexuality and self-esteem with their perception of a thin body image as emphasized in six of the most popular magazines that teenage girls read: CosmoGirl, Elle, Glamour, Seventeen, Teen People, and Teen Vogue. The study examined magazine advertisements, feature articles, and photographs of other teens in influencing what body types are acceptable, attractive, and popular. Advertisements, …

Effective Homework In The Middle School, Kelly J. Simon

Graduate Research Papers

This literature review examines the studies and research of the best practices and most effective implementation of homework in the middle school classrooms. It is found that parental involvement, teacher design and proper implementation of the homework are the most important factors for homework to have the desired effect on an adolescent's success in a subject. There are significant differences of opinion on many homework related issues, especially with regard to the overall contribution of homework academic success. However, one aspect that is universally agreed upon is that students, teachers, and parents are all important in determining the degree to …

Body Image Disturbance : Cultural Differences, How It Develops, Its Impact, And Clinical Implications, Priscilla Villarreal

Graduate Research Papers

This paper is a review of literature written about women and body image. Body image is influenced by family, peers, media, and culture. Through these influences, women have learned thinness is the ideal body size. If a woman believes she does not fit a desired body shape, she can develop a negative body image. Body image disturbance can impact a woman's social life, romantic relationships, and her sexual functioning. This paper also describes interventions which could be utilized by counselors when working with clients who have a negative body image.

The History Of Athletic Scholarships, Nathan O. Courtney

Graduate Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Hearing Loss And The Role Of Physical Education For Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing Children, Anastassia Alexandrovna Grineva

Graduate Research Papers

There is interest in the role of physical education for deaf or hard of hearing children. Knowledge about hearing disorders is important because it can help educators to understand how deafness can influence human physical, psychological, and emotional characteristics. Moreover, deafness is related to nervous system and motor apparatus development. Hearing loss is a problem around the world. Hearing loss combines the effects of noise, aging, disease, and heredity. Hearing is a complex sense of the ear and involves the ability to understand speech. To understand hearing loss in an individual it is important to find out the degree of …

Cultivating Baby Boomers And Generation Xers: An Examination Of The Pertinent Literature Of The Motivational Techniques For Nonprofit Organizational Fundraisers To Consider When Cultivating Donors Categorized As Baby Boomers And Generation Xers, Jane A. Flanagan

Graduate Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Self-Determination Theory And Applications To Physical Education And Coaching, Eric Wayne Crandall

Graduate Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Physical Activity Among Women 50 Years And Older, Nikke Carrion

Graduate Research Papers

No abstract provided.

History Of Inclusive Recreation, Renee Raap

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this research paper is to look at the history of the treatment of individuals with disabilities and how that has influenced the development of inclusive recreation. This paper will review the types of community recreation, definition of inclusion, benefits of inclusion, barriers to inclusion, inclusive recreation, and attitudes toward inclusion.

This research paper reviews the history of individuals with disabilities, including how individuals with disabilities were viewed in Ancient Greece, during Aristotle's time, during the Industrial Revolution, and during World War I and World War II. The paper also reviews federal legislation beginning with the Civil Rights …

Disordered Eating In The Athletic Population: A Review Of Literature, Randi Lyn Mehmen

Graduate Research Papers

Sports medicine professionals have been taught that the athletic population is at a heightened risk of developing eating disorders (Prentice, 2003). However, the key components of eating disorder pathology are not thoroughly covered in the education of an athletic trainer. Vaughn (2004) found that 93% of athletic trainers felt that increased attention needs to be placed on the prevention of eating disorders in female collegiate athletes. Currently, no document exists that provides a comprehensive evaluation of eating disorders as they relate to athletics. A document such as this would be able to provide sports medicine professionals, or those dealing with …

Comparison Of Effort Measured By Heart Rate Of 5th Grade Boys And Girls, Laura Jennelle

Graduate Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Coeducational And Single-Sex Physical Education In Middle School: Impact On Physical Activity Levels, Sarah Huffer

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in physical activity levels between co-educational and single sex classes in both male and female middle school physical education students. It was hypothesized that males and females in single-sex physical education classes would have a different amount of time in and above the target heart rate zone (135-185bpm) as well as a different average heart rate than in coeducational classes.

The study sample consisted of 45 sixth grade students from Grundy Center, Iowa who had accurate heart rate data for all data collection. The first day the students played flashball …

Agritourism: Success Factors Of Leisure Farm Business In Taiwan, Yin-Ya Huang

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this study was to examine success factors of agritourism diversification in Taiwan and provide agritourism development strategies to be used to improve success of the agritourism industry in the future. The objectives of this study were to identify success factors, challenges, and motivations of agritourism businesses in Taiwan.

Due to the agricultural depression, agritourism diversification has become a popular option for farmers to increase income and keep rural landscapes. Taiwanese agritourism plays a significant role in Taiwanese agricultural industry. Since Taiwan joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2002, the Taiwanese agriculture has faced more challenges. Also, …

A Literature Review Examining The § 501 (H) Election And § Irc 501 (C)(3) Organizations, Kimberly Anne Hefernan Moss

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of the study was to conduct a literature review to determine what IRC § 501(c)(3) organizations know about the§ 501 (h) election, and why they do or do not take it. The literature review is divided into three sections: 1) IRC 501 (c) Organizations and Legislation; 2) IRC § 501 (c) lobbying; and 3) IRC § 501(c)(3) Lobbying Rules/Regulations. There has been scant research conducted surrounding lobbying by nonprofit organizations. The first national study that addressed IRC § 501 (c)(3) organizations' lobbying was the Strengthening Nonprofit Advocacy Project (SNAP). Despite the fact that very few organizations have taken …

Environmental Influences On Adherence To Self-Management Behaviors And Glycemic Control In African American Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Brooke L. Barbera

LSU Master's Theses

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness effecting approximately 20.8 million individuals in the United States. Minorities are adversely affected, with age-adjusted prevalence 1.7 times higher in African Americans than Caucasians. Type 2 diabetes is significantly affected by behavioral and environmental risk factors, including the presence of co-occurring diseases (i.e., hypertension, hyperlipidemia), obesity, age, and lack of physical activity, and each of these risk factors is more prevalent among African Americans. The treatment of diabetes is largely self-managed, with patients and their families handling 95% of their own care. Adherence to the multi-component diabetic treatment regimen requires daily care, often occurring …