Digital Commons Network^™

A Comparison Of Alternating Minimization And Expectation Maximization Algorithms For Single Source Gamma Ray Tomography, R. Varma, S. Bhusarapu, J. A. O'Sullivan, M. (Muthanna) H. Al-Dahhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Lange and Carson (1984 J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 8 306-16) Defined Image Reconstruction for Transmission Tomography as a Maximum Likelihood Estimation Problem and Derived an Expectation Maximization (EM) Algorithm to Obtain the Maximum Likelihood Image Estimate. However, in the Maximization Step or M-Step of the EM Algorithm, an Approximation is Made in the Solution Which Can Affect the Image Quality, particularly in the Case of Domains with High Attenuating Material. O'Sullivan and Benac (2007 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 26 283-97) Reformulated the Maximum Likelihood Problem as a Double Minimization of an I-Divergence to Obtain a Family of Image Reconstruction Algorithms, …

Perspectives Of Change: Municipal Park And Recreation Directors Perceptions Of The Importance Of Specified Organizational Goals 1983–2008, Daniel Archie Wheeler

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study examines specified goals park and recreation directors have previously determined are important for their organizations, and how those goals rank in importance in their present estimations, and how those goals rank in future importance. It compares a similar study of goals from 1983, and reports on changes in levels of importance from 1983 to 2008.

Directors' perceptions of goal importance of 2008 present levels and 2008 future levels were determined to be significantly different in 23 of 26 cases. Goals were grouped in four categories, (a) management/adaptation,/positional, having to do with management tasks, (b) groups served, those targeted …

Disability And Difference: Adolescents' Interpretations Based On Television Viewing, Paula Anne Schmidt

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study was conducted in order to decipher adolescent interpretations of disability that were portrayed on television. Employing qualitative methodology and methods, I conducted focus groups with adolescents during which they viewed television programs containing portrayals of characters with disabilities, or otherwise defining differences. The sixth grade participants freely shared their perspectives of the programs and characters in addition to their thoughts about the nature of difference in general.

Although I originally intended to interpret adolescents' reactions toward characters with disabilities, I found that it was not only characters with disabilities that they viewed in a judgmental manner. As the …

Overview Of Biocreative Ii Gene Mention Recognition, Larry Smith, Lorraine K. Tanabe, Rie Johnson Nee Ando, Cheng-Ju Kuo, I-Fang Chung, Chun-Nan Hsu, Yu-Shi Lin, Roman Klinger, Christoph M. Friedrich, Kuzman Ganchev, Manabu Torii, Hongfang Liu, Barry Haddow, Craig A. Struble, Richard J. Povinelli, Andreas Vlachos, William A. Baumgartner, Lawrence Hunter, Bob Carpenter, Richard Tzong-Han Tsai, Hong-Jie Dai, Feng Liu, Yifei Chen, Chengjie Sun, Sophia Katrenko, Pieter Adriaans, Christian Blaschke, Rafael Torres, Mariana Neves, Preslav Nakov, Anna Divoli, Manuel Maña-López, Jacinto Mata, W John Wilbur

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Nineteen teams presented results for the Gene Mention Task at the BioCreative II Workshop. In this task participants designed systems to identify substrings in sentences corresponding to gene name mentions. A variety of different methods were used and the results varied with a highest achieved F₁ score of 0.8721. Here we present brief descriptions of all the methods used and a statistical analysis of the results. We also demonstrate that, by combining the results from all submissions, an F score of 0.9066 is feasible, and furthermore that the best result makes use of the lowest scoring submissions.

Integrating Eastern Philosophy Into Western Psychology: A Primer For Students Of Applied Psychology, Erica Hurley, Jennifer L. Callahan

Modern Psychological Studies

A review of undergraduate texts marketed as providing an introduction to clinical psychology located no chapters devoted to the emerging practice of integrating Eastern philosophy with Western psychological practices. Thus, this paper provides students with a primer of this important emerging area by reviewing cultural differences that challenge the successful integration of Eastern philosophy with Western psychology, before focusing specifically on Taoist philosophy and its implications for Western psychotherapy. The congruence of Taoism with the "common" factors of Western psychotherapy (i.e., those mechanisms of change thought to transcend theoretical psychotherapy orientation) will be discussed, as will congruence with "specific" cognitive …

Biblical Hermeneutics, Glenn Pearl

Syllabus Repository

No abstract provided.

Biblical Exposition & Faith Integration, Robby Waddell Dr.

Syllabus Repository

No abstract provided.

New Testament Survey, Gerry White

Syllabus Repository

No abstract provided.

Seeking A Sanctuary: Seventh-Day Adventism And Teh American Dream, 2nd Ed. [Review] / Bull Malcolm And Keith Lockhart, Roger L. Dudley

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

Deuteronomic Theology And The Significance Of Torah: A Reappraisal [Review] / Vogt, Peter T., Richard M. Davidson

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

The Book Of Proverbs: Chapters 15-31 [Review] / Waltke, Bruce K., Lael O. Caesar

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

On The Future Of Adventism: Reason Or Debate?, Fernando L. Canale

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

Early Methodist Spirituality: Selected Women's Writings [Review] / Paul Wesley Chilcote Ed., Russell L. Staples

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

Bridging The Gap: Ritual And Ritual Texts In The Bible [Review] / Gerald A. Klingbeil, Roy E. Gane

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

In Granite Or Ingrained? What The Old And New Testaments Reveal About The Gospel, The Law, And The Sabbath [Review] / Skip Maccarty, Hans K. Larondelle

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

The Eden Narrative: A Literary And Religio-Historical Study Of Genesis 2–3 [Review] / Tryggve N.D. Mettinger, Jan Åge Sigvartsen

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

Creation, Evolution, And Theology: The Role Of Method In Theological Accomodation [Review] / Fernando Canale, Ervin Taylor

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

Access Assured: Restoring Progressivity In The Tax And Spending Programs For Higher Education, Kerry A. Ryan

All Faculty Scholarship

Presently, the federal government subsidizes the higher education expenses of individual college students through two distribution channels: the tax system and the transfer system. Under each subsystem, there are a multitude of programs available to assist students in meeting their postsecondary educational expenses. The proliferation of so many forms of federal student aid raises issues of intra- and inter-program effectiveness. In their current form, the tax benefits for higher education do not get the right amount to the right people at the right time. The federal college spending programs, on the other hand, get the right amount to the right …

Demystifying Hedge Funds: A Design Primer, Henry Ordower

All Faculty Scholarship

Describes and analyzes hedge fund structures in the context of the United States statutes and regulations that inform those structures.

Book Review Of Gatekeepers: The Professions And Corporate Governance By John C. Coffee, Jr., Lawrence A. Cunningham

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This is a short review of Gatekeepers by John C. Coffee, Jr.

The Sec's Global Accounting Vision: A Realistic Appraisal Of A Quixotic Quest, Lawrence A. Cunningham

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

In the most revolutionary securities law development since the New Deal, the SEC is poised to jettison rules requiring companies to apply recognized US accounting standards by inviting use of a new set of international ones created by a private London-based organization. This radical shift follows decades of gradual movement towards international standards that has gained momentum since 2005 when all listed companies in the European Union were required to use them. For the US, the SEC could give companies the option to use either or establish a medium-term plan to move US companies to international standards within a decade. …

Protean Jus Ad Bellum, Sean D. Murphy

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The jus ad bellum is generally viewed as a static field of law. The standard account is that when the UN Charter was adopted in 1945, it enshrined a complete prohibition on the use of force in inter-state relations, except when action is being taken in self-defense against an armed attack or under authorization of the UN Security Council. Yet it seems likely that in the years to come, many states and non-state actors will increasingly insist upon a different vision of the jus ad bellum, one that conceives of it as more protean in nature.

Protean jus ad bellum …

Bridging Data Gaps Through Modeling And Evaluation Of Surrogates: Use Of The Best Available Science To Protect Biological Diversity Under The National Forest Management Act, Robert L. Glicksman

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The implementation of environmental law and policy typically proceeds in the face of scientific uncertainty. Despite this pervasive uncertainty, Congress has directed environmental and resource management agencies to ground their policy decisions in science. Agencies sometimes cope with the paradox of making science-based decisions in the face of uncertainty by using scientific models or other surrogacy techniques to simulate reality. Such simulation enables agencies to conform to their statutory responsibilities to base decisions on scientific considerations, even though a complete understanding of the relationships between their actions and the resulting environmental effects may be beyond their current capabilities.

This article …

Sustainable Federal Land Management: Protecting Ecological Integrity And Preserving Environmental Principal, Robert L. Glicksman

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This article explores the application of the principles of sustainability to management of lands and resources under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management. These two agencies operate a mandate to manage the resources under their control to achieve sustained yield. In this context, sustainability has operated to date primarily in an aspirational fashion, as a broad objective of public land management, rather than as a useful management tool or an enforceable constraint on agency management discretion. The article urges the adoption of amendments to the laws under which the Forest Service and the …

Groundwater Contamination In Caves: Four Case Studies In Spain, Monserrat Jiménez-Sánchez, Heather Stoll, Iñaki Vadillo, Manolo López-Chicano, María Domínguez-Cuesta, Wenceslao Martín-Rosales, Mónica Meléndez-Asensio

International Journal of Speleology

Groundwater quality was monitored in four Spanish caves using concentrations of nitrate, potassium, phosphorus and in some cases total organic carbon. Three of the caves are located in NW Spain and contain prehistoric cave paintings and hence have special conservation interest. Of these, two are open show caves (Tito Bustillo and Pindal Caves), while the other one (Herrerías Cave) is not managed for tours and is partially closed off to public access. The fourth cave (Las Maravillas Cave) is located in SW Spain and is opened to the public because of its geological features and natural beauty. In this paper, …

Hate Crimes And The War On Terror, Cynthia Lee

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This chapter, which will be part of a 5 volume treatise entitled, Hate Crimes: Perspectives and Approaches (Barbara Perry ed. forthcoming 2009), situates the private acts of hate violence committed against Arab-Americans, Muslim-Americans, Sikh-Americans, and South Asian-Americans in the aftermath of 9/11 into the broader context of the war on terror. In Part I, after providing some general background information on hate crimes, I discuss some of the hate crimes committed in the aftermath of 9/11. In Part II, I examine two common stereotypes about Arabs and Muslims which likely contributed to the post 9/11 backlash against Arabs and Muslims …

Putting Missouri V. Holland On The Map, Edward T. Swaine

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper, published as part of symposium on Missouri v. Holland, explores how the circumstances of that case relate to modern criticisms of Congress' Necessary and Proper power and the doctrine of non-self-executing treaties. Focusing on some of the original concerns - for example, the need for further domestic implementation by Canada (and not, to the same degree, by the United States), the need for spending legislation, and the provision of criminal penalties - unsettles not only the understanding of the Supreme Court's decision, but also more recent critiques of the doctrines with which it has long been associated.

Taking Care Of Treaties, Edward T. Swaine

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

There is little consensus about the scope of the President's powers to cure breaches of U.S. treaty obligations, let alone the influence of decisions by international tribunals finding the United States in breach. Such decisions do not appear to be directly effective under U.S. law. Treaties and statutes address questions of domestic authority sporadically and incompletely, and are suited to the task only if construed heroically; the President's general constitutional authority relating to foreign affairs is sometimes invoked, but its extent is uncertain and turns all too little on the underlying law at issue. Relying on either theory to cope …

Federalism And International Law Through The Lens Of Legal Pluralism, Paul Schiff Berman

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Sovereignty has long been the dominant lens through which we view both federalism and international law. From the perspective of sovereignty, both federalism and international law are primarily about drawing clear boundaries and demarcations between separate, autonomous power centers. Recently, however, a group of scholars have embraced a more pluralist approach to both American federalism and international law. They have touted the important virtues of jurisdictional redundancy and inter-systemic governance models in which multiple legal and regulatory authorities weigh in regarding the same acts and actors. And they argue that such jurisdictional redundancies are not just a necessary accommodation to …

Climate Change "Crisis" - Struggling For Worldwide Collective Action, Lisa M. Schenck

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Global climate change due to increased levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases caused by human activity has the potential to threaten life on earth. International cooperation is required to effectively address this threat; however the climate crisis represents a classic collective action problem in response to overexploitation of a global commons. This article explains the global climate change issue, traces efforts to confront it, and argues that inherent difficulties plague collective responses to global commons problems. It pinpoints individual reasons for collective action failures, examines background economic and scientific problems, and analyzes how group factors such as strategy and coalition building …