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2008

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Articles 27961 - 27977 of 27977

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Information And The Market For Union Representation, Matthew T. Bodie Jan 2008

Information And The Market For Union Representation, Matthew T. Bodie

All Faculty Scholarship

In its oversight of union representation elections, the National Labor Relations Board seeks to create laboratory conditions to determine "the uninhibited desires" of employees. Despite its comprehensive regulation of union and employer campaign conduct, however, the Board fails to insure that employees get basic information relating to their decision. This Article proposes a new paradigm for the representation decision: that of a purchase of representation services. This "purchase of services" model demonstrates that the market for union representation lacks the standard features required under economic theory to drive information into the marketplace. The resulting information deficiencies may render employees poorly …

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The Public Face Of Presumptions, Karen Petroski Jan 2008

The Public Face Of Presumptions, Karen Petroski

All Faculty Scholarship

We commonly think of presumptions as second-best inferential tools allowing us to reach conclusions, if we must, under conditions of limited information. Scholarship on the topic across the disciplines has espoused a common conception of presumptions that defines them according to their function within the decisionmaking process. This focus on the “private” face of presumptions has generated a predominantly critical and grudging view of them, perpetuated certain conceptual ambiguities, and, most important, neglected the fact that what we refer to as “presumptions” have distinguishing features other than the defeasibility and burden-shifting effects associated with their use as inferential tools. When …

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Yosemite National Park: The Continuous Evolution Of Human–Black Bear Conflict Management, Joseph S. Madison Jan 2008

Yosemite National Park: The Continuous Evolution Of Human–Black Bear Conflict Management, Joseph S. Madison

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Human–bear conflicts are all too common throughout much of the United States (Ziegltrum 2008) and the world (Lemelin 2008, Worthy and Foggin 2008). Typically, they are a result of the availability of human food and garbage to bears (Beckmann and Lackey 2008, Thiemann et al. 2008). As people continue to build homes farther into the wildland–urban interface, the level of conflicts with bears can be expected only to increase (Conover 2008). Despite the widespread range of human–bear conflict, there is no place with quite the same problem as the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California, particularly in Yosemite National Park.

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Evaluation Of Physical Barriers To Prevent Prairie Dog Colony Expansion, Gary Witmer, James Gionfriddo, Michael Pipas Jan 2008

Evaluation Of Physical Barriers To Prevent Prairie Dog Colony Expansion, Gary Witmer, James Gionfriddo, Michael Pipas

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Expansion of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies on public and private lands can result in damage to property. Physical barriers to prairie dogs can be used to minimize human–wildlife conflicts. We evaluated 17 existing barriers in the Fort Collins and Boulder, Colorado, areas. Most barriers were made of a single row of vinyl material; these barriers sustained high levels of damage, primarily from wind, and were frequently breached by prairie dogs digging underneath them. Barriers that included a vegetation and a vinyl barrier or a double-vinyl barrier were wind damaged and breached less frequently than the single-vinyl …

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Assessment Of Costs Associated With Deer–Vehicle Collisions: Human Death And Injury, Vehicle Damage, And Deer Loss, John A. Bissonette, Christine A. Kassar, Lawrence J. Cook Jan 2008

Assessment Of Costs Associated With Deer–Vehicle Collisions: Human Death And Injury, Vehicle Damage, And Deer Loss, John A. Bissonette, Christine A. Kassar, Lawrence J. Cook

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Collisions between large vertebrates and vehicles along roadways are an increasing concern, not only because of ecological consequences, but also because of associated economic and social costs. We used a large-scale, long-term data set comprising several databases from Utah to summarize and analyze these costs. The overall cost for 13,020 collisions from 1996 to 2001 in Utah was approximately $45,175,454, resulting in an estimated average per year cost of about $7,529,242 and a mean collision cost of $3,470. These figures include human fatality costs of $24 million (53% of total costs); vehicle damage costs of $18 million (39%); loss of …

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Deer–Vehicle Collision Prevention Techniques, Lauren L. Mastro, Michael R. Conover, S. Nicole Frey Jan 2008

Deer–Vehicle Collision Prevention Techniques, Lauren L. Mastro, Michael R. Conover, S. Nicole Frey

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Every year in the United States approximately 1.5 million deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) occur resulting in >29,000 human injuries, >200 human fatalities, 1.3 million deer fatalities, and >1 billion dollars worth of property damage. Despite the magnitude of this problem, there are relatively few well-designed studies that have evaluated techniques that can be used to reduce DVCs. Techniques to reduce DVCs fall into 4 categories: reducing the number of deer (Odocoileus spp.), reducing the number of vehicles, modifying deer behavior, and changing motorist behavior. Techniques to reduce the number of deer include decreasing the deer population or excluding deer from …

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Factors Affecting Autumn Deer–Vehicle Collisions In A Rural Virginia County, William J. Mcshea, Chad M. Stewart, Laura J. Kearns, Stefano Liccioli, David Kocka Jan 2008

Factors Affecting Autumn Deer–Vehicle Collisions In A Rural Virginia County, William J. Mcshea, Chad M. Stewart, Laura J. Kearns, Stefano Liccioli, David Kocka

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Vehicular collisions with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a safety and economic hazard to motorists. Many efforts to reduce deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) have proven unsuccessful, but deer reduction has been a primary management tool in several states. The Virginia Department of Transportation geo-located all known DVCs in Clarke County, Virginia, from August through December 2005 (n = 246) and 2006 (n = 259). We estimated harvest intensity, deer population density, amount of forest and housing development, presence of row crops, and traffic volume and speed for 228 road segments (each 500 m in length) within the county to …

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Landscape And Traffic Factors Influencing Deer–Vehicle Collisions In An Urban Enviroment, Janet W. Ng, Charlene Nielson, Colleen Cassady St. Clair Jan 2008

Landscape And Traffic Factors Influencing Deer–Vehicle Collisions In An Urban Enviroment, Janet W. Ng, Charlene Nielson, Colleen Cassady St. Clair

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) are steadily increasing across North America. The increase is particularly pronounced in urban green spaces where deer (Odocoileus spp.) populations and road densities are high. In the greater city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 333 DVCs occurred from 2002 to 2004. To identify landscape and traffic correlates of these collisions, we built 3 statistical models. The first model assessed the importance of local variables and was based on a spatial precision of the nearest intersection to which collisions were referenced. The second model was based on landscape characteristics and used the nearest township intersection to aggregate collisions. …

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Prediction Markets And The First Amendment, Miriam A. Cherry, Robert L. Rogers Jan 2008

Prediction Markets And The First Amendment, Miriam A. Cherry, Robert L. Rogers

All Faculty Scholarship

The continuing development of prediction markets is important because of their success in foretelling the future in politics, economics, and science. In this article, we identify the expressive elements inherent in prediction markets and explore how legislation such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 might harm such predictive speech. This article is the first to explore First Amendment protections for prediction markets in such depth, and in so doing, we distinguish prediction markets from other regulated areas such as gambling and securities trading. The article's examination of prediction markets also illustrates the limitations of current commercial speech …

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The Laurels Of Local Public Health, Cathy Raevsky Jan 2008

The Laurels Of Local Public Health, Cathy Raevsky

Michigan Journal of Public Health

No abstract provided.

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Toward The Development Of Cancer Literacy Assessment Tools, Karen Patricia Williams, Mark Reckase, Omara Rivera-Vazquez Jan 2008

Toward The Development Of Cancer Literacy Assessment Tools, Karen Patricia Williams, Mark Reckase, Omara Rivera-Vazquez

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Background: This study represented the first that documents the development of breast and cervical cancer literacy assessments that can be administered orally by laypersons. Methods: Critical indicators of cancer literacy were identified through a review of pertinent literature and interviews with ethnically diverse women. The pilot-test consisted of a 29- question assessment for language appropriateness. A score of 75% was established as the threshold for functional cancer literacy. Results: The assessment tools demonstrated a high level of internal consistency. Paired t-test analysis of pre- and post-intervention tests showed that the instrument was sensitive to changes in literacy of breast and …

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The Detroit Youth Tobacco Survey: Results From Middle School Students, Calvin Trent, Julie Gleason-Comstock, Gary Petroni, William Ridella Jan 2008

The Detroit Youth Tobacco Survey: Results From Middle School Students, Calvin Trent, Julie Gleason-Comstock, Gary Petroni, William Ridella

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Background: The Detroit Youth Tobacco Survey (DYTS) provided representative data from middle school students, 84.7% of whom were African-American/Black, on self-reported prevalence of tobacco use and awareness, smoking cessation, peer and family influence, environmental tobacco smoke, media exposure and access to tobacco. Results: Over half of the students (53.0%; +/-4.1) used some form of tobacco at least once, with the majority trying cigarettes (47.5%; +/-3.9) and about a quarter (23.1%; +/-3.5) trying cigars. Ten percent (10.2%; +/-2.3) tried bidis or kreteks, and 7.4% (+/-1.4) tried smokeless tobacco. Of middle school students who smoked, nearly one out of four (23.2%; +/-3.1) …

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Seeking A Sanctuary: Seventh-Day Adventism And Teh American Dream, 2nd Ed. [Review] / Bull Malcolm And Keith Lockhart, Roger L. Dudley Jan 2008

Seeking A Sanctuary: Seventh-Day Adventism And Teh American Dream, 2nd Ed. [Review] / Bull Malcolm And Keith Lockhart, Roger L. Dudley

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

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On The Future Of Adventism: Reason Or Debate?, Fernando L. Canale Jan 2008

On The Future Of Adventism: Reason Or Debate?, Fernando L. Canale

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

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Bridging The Gap: Ritual And Ritual Texts In The Bible [Review] / Gerald A. Klingbeil, Roy E. Gane Jan 2008

Bridging The Gap: Ritual And Ritual Texts In The Bible [Review] / Gerald A. Klingbeil, Roy E. Gane

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

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In Granite Or Ingrained? What The Old And New Testaments Reveal About The Gospel, The Law, And The Sabbath [Review] / Skip Maccarty, Hans K. Larondelle Jan 2008

In Granite Or Ingrained? What The Old And New Testaments Reveal About The Gospel, The Law, And The Sabbath [Review] / Skip Maccarty, Hans K. Larondelle

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

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How Africa Shaped The Christian Mind: Rediscovering The African Seedbed Of Western Christianity [Review] / Thomas C. Oden, Trevor O'Reggio Jan 2008

How Africa Shaped The Christian Mind: Rediscovering The African Seedbed Of Western Christianity [Review] / Thomas C. Oden, Trevor O'Reggio

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

No abstract provided.

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