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2008

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Hate Crimes And The War On Terror, Cynthia Lee Jan 2008

Hate Crimes And The War On Terror, Cynthia Lee

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This chapter, which will be part of a 5 volume treatise entitled, Hate Crimes: Perspectives and Approaches (Barbara Perry ed. forthcoming 2009), situates the private acts of hate violence committed against Arab-Americans, Muslim-Americans, Sikh-Americans, and South Asian-Americans in the aftermath of 9/11 into the broader context of the war on terror. In Part I, after providing some general background information on hate crimes, I discuss some of the hate crimes committed in the aftermath of 9/11. In Part II, I examine two common stereotypes about Arabs and Muslims which likely contributed to the post 9/11 backlash against Arabs and Muslims …

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Putting Missouri V. Holland On The Map, Edward T. Swaine Jan 2008

Putting Missouri V. Holland On The Map, Edward T. Swaine

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper, published as part of symposium on Missouri v. Holland, explores how the circumstances of that case relate to modern criticisms of Congress' Necessary and Proper power and the doctrine of non-self-executing treaties. Focusing on some of the original concerns - for example, the need for further domestic implementation by Canada (and not, to the same degree, by the United States), the need for spending legislation, and the provision of criminal penalties - unsettles not only the understanding of the Supreme Court's decision, but also more recent critiques of the doctrines with which it has long been associated.

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Taking Care Of Treaties, Edward T. Swaine Jan 2008

Taking Care Of Treaties, Edward T. Swaine

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

There is little consensus about the scope of the President's powers to cure breaches of U.S. treaty obligations, let alone the influence of decisions by international tribunals finding the United States in breach. Such decisions do not appear to be directly effective under U.S. law. Treaties and statutes address questions of domestic authority sporadically and incompletely, and are suited to the task only if construed heroically; the President's general constitutional authority relating to foreign affairs is sometimes invoked, but its extent is uncertain and turns all too little on the underlying law at issue. Relying on either theory to cope …

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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Fundamentals, Jessica Tillipman Jan 2008

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Fundamentals, Jessica Tillipman

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) enforcement activity is currently at its highest level since enactment of the statute in 1977. There were more enforcement actions brought in 2007 than in the years from 2004 to 2006 combined. The message is clear - the U.S. Government is committed to FCPA compliance and there is no evidence enforcement activity will slow any time soon. This article provides a general overview of the FCPA, including a primer on the legislation’s core components: the antibribery prohibitions and the books and records provisions. The article also provides practical guidance with respect to the more challenging …

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Why Contractor Fatalities Matter, Steven L. Schooner Jan 2008

Why Contractor Fatalities Matter, Steven L. Schooner

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

At the end of July 2008, the media reported that 4,600 service members have died in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. But reporting only military fatalities understates the human cost of America's engagements in these regions by nearly a fourth. On the modern, outsourced battlefield, the U.S. government increasingly has delegated to the private sector the responsibility to stand in harm's way and, if required, die for America. As of 30 June 2008, more than 1,350 civilian contractor personnel had died in Iraq and Afghanistan, while another 29,000 contractors have been injured; more than 8,300 seriously. Nonetheless, contractor fatalities …

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Beyond Course Evaluations: Yaynay Sheets, Jessica L. Clark Jan 2008

Beyond Course Evaluations: Yaynay Sheets, Jessica L. Clark

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Collecting student evaluation data is a common practice among law professors, but the evaluation data can come too late if not collected until the end of a semester. Opportunities for student feedback happen in every class; at the end of each class period, students can evaluate what just happened in class, and professors can use this information to make immediate adjustments to their teaching. This article argues that law teachers should take advantage of these opportunities for collecting student feedback to improve both the students’ learning experience and the teacher’s teaching experience. The article gives an example of one way …

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Climate Change "Crisis" - Struggling For Worldwide Collective Action, Lisa M. Schenck Jan 2008

Climate Change "Crisis" - Struggling For Worldwide Collective Action, Lisa M. Schenck

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Global climate change due to increased levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases caused by human activity has the potential to threaten life on earth. International cooperation is required to effectively address this threat; however the climate crisis represents a classic collective action problem in response to overexploitation of a global commons. This article explains the global climate change issue, traces efforts to confront it, and argues that inherent difficulties plague collective responses to global commons problems. It pinpoints individual reasons for collective action failures, examines background economic and scientific problems, and analyzes how group factors such as strategy and coalition building …

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The Case For Tolerant Constitutional Patriotism: The Right To Privacy Before The European Courts, Francesca Bignami Jan 2008

The Case For Tolerant Constitutional Patriotism: The Right To Privacy Before The European Courts, Francesca Bignami

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The theory of constitutional patriotism has been advanced as a solution to the European Union's legitimacy woes. Europeans, according to this theory, should recognize themselves as members of a single human community and thus acknowledge the legitimacy of Europe-wide governance based on their shared belief in a common set of liberal democratic values. Yet in its search for unity, constitutional patriotism, like nationalism and other founding myths, carries the potential for the exclusion of others. This article explores the illiberal tendencies of one element of the liberal canon - the right to privacy - in the case law of Europe's …

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Soft Law, Dinah L. Shelton Jan 2008

Soft Law, Dinah L. Shelton

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

International law is a largely consensual system, consisting of norms that states in sovereign equality freely accept to govern themselves and other subjects of law. International law is thus created by states, using procedures that they have agreed are legislative, that is, through procedures identified by them as the appropriate means to create legally-binding obligations. In contrast to the agreed sources listed in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Statute, state practice in recent years, inside and outside international organizations, increasingly has placed normative statements in non binding political instruments such as declarations, resolutions, and programs of action, and has …

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The Ecology Of Corporate Governance In China, Donald C. Clarke Jan 2008

The Ecology Of Corporate Governance In China, Donald C. Clarke

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The substantive norms of Chinese corporate governance have been studied extensively inside and outside China. Yet much less attention has been paid to the Chinese institutional environment that determines whether and how far those norms will be made meaningful. While complaints about general lack of enforcement are common, less common are analyzes that concretely tie institutional capacity to specific enforcement problems. This article aims to fill that gap. It surveys a number of state and non-state channels for the enforcement of corporate governance rules and standards in China, from markets to regulatory bodies, looking at the specific capacities of each. …

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Less Realism : More Meaning : Evaluating Imagery For The Graphic Designer, Stuart Medley Jan 2008

Less Realism : More Meaning : Evaluating Imagery For The Graphic Designer, Stuart Medley

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Typography' as a defining term has become interchangcable with 'graphic design'. and while font choice and application is seen as of paramount importance. image choice, virtually half , . of the communication design equation, is neglected in the theory and in pratice is left to the instinct of the designer. In this thesis I try to find approaches for graphic designers to understand image to the degree that they understand type. These approaches are tested through assignments for graphic design students and the results recorded and analysed. I seek to address the paradox that we are able to communicate more …

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Towards Inclusive Standards, Michelle Pearce Jan 2008

Towards Inclusive Standards, Michelle Pearce

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The context of this study is the inclusion of students with dillabilities in secondary schools. The introduction of legislation in the United States and Australia has resulted in large numbers of students with disabilities being included in regular classes by subject teachers. Inclusion in secondary schools has proved especially challenging to teachers. Reviews and research highlight the need for teacher training. but do not specify the knowledge and skills that teachers need to become inclusive. It has been proposed that professional teaching standards have the potential to guide preservice and inservice training. Before standards could be assessed for their inclusivity, …

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Adaptive Estimation Of Autoregressive Models With Time-Varying Variances, Ke-Li Xu, Peter C. B. Phillips Jan 2008

Adaptive Estimation Of Autoregressive Models With Time-Varying Variances, Ke-Li Xu, Peter C. B. Phillips

Research Collection School Of Economics

Stable autoregressive models are considered with martingale differences errors scaled by an unknown nonparametric time-varying function generating heterogeneity. An important special case involves structural change in the error variance, but in most practical cases the pattern of variance change over time is unknown and may involve shifts at unknown discrete points in time, continuous evolution or combinations of the two. This paper develops kernel-based estimators of the residual variances and associated adaptive least squares (ALS) estimators of the autoregressive coefficients. Simulations show that efficiency gains are achieved by the adaptive procedure.

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Unit Root Model Selection, Peter C. B. Phillips Jan 2008

Unit Root Model Selection, Peter C. B. Phillips

Research Collection School Of Economics

Some limit properties for information based model selection criteria are given in the context of unit root evaluation and various assumptions about initial conditions. Allowing for a nonparametric short memory component, standard information criteria are shown to be weakly consistent for a unit root provided the penalty coefficient Cn?? and Cn/n?0 as n??. Strong consistency holds when Cn/(log logn)3?? under conventional assumptions on initial conditions and under a slightly stronger condition when initial conditions are infinitely distant in the unit root model. The limit distribution of the AIC criterion is obtained.

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The Effect Of A Reflex Replication Program On Retained Primary Reflexes, Motor Coordination, Vocabulary, Visual Motor Ability And Rapid Naming In Preprimary Aged Children, Deborah Callcott Jan 2008

The Effect Of A Reflex Replication Program On Retained Primary Reflexes, Motor Coordination, Vocabulary, Visual Motor Ability And Rapid Naming In Preprimary Aged Children, Deborah Callcott

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The link between movement and cognition is not new, but remains steeped in controversy in the educational community. One of the reasons for this controversy has been the lack of substantial research that supports the link between movement programs and observable academic benefits. The results of recent research have indicated that the retention of primary reflexes, particularly the tonic neck reflexes in young children, can result in difficulties that affect the overall functioning of the child. The retainment of reflexes may lead to clumsiness, poor eye hand coordination, poor manipulative skills and consequently academic achievement may be compromised in some …

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Computerized Adaptive Testing In Mathematics For Primary Schools In Thailand, Chaowprapha Chuesathuchon Jan 2008

Computerized Adaptive Testing In Mathematics For Primary Schools In Thailand, Chaowprapha Chuesathuchon

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

A new system-wide educational change has been introduced in Thailand requiring, amongst other things, that technologies for education be utilized in all levels of education. This study focuses on Mathematics Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) designed to provide Thai primary school teachers with an innovative method of assessment, one of the effective tools of new technology to be used in Thai primary schools. This study aims to: (1) construct multiple-choice test items for a Mathematics course on the topic of Equations for Year 6 (Prathom Suksa 6) students in Thailand; (2) calibrate the test items using a Rasch Measurement Model, investigate …

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Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers Today, Jeniffer M. Lane Jan 2008

Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers Today, Jeniffer M. Lane

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This portfolio documents the learning journey of a preservice teacher educator in Western Australia. The problem investigated is how should we best to prepare preservice teachers for teaching in future contexts. This document has several sections, firstly the literature review discusses topics that have relevance for teacher educators preparing teachers of the future to work in a knowledge-based economy. Then four phases of research both quantitative and qualitative are presented interlinked by a personal narrative. The narrative describes how the studies and research impacted on the teaching practices of the researcher. The powerful findings of the research with teachers in …

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Dimensions Of Information Technology Governance: A Study Of Theory And Practice, Pui S. Ko Jan 2008

Dimensions Of Information Technology Governance: A Study Of Theory And Practice, Pui S. Ko

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The emergence of corporate governance is the response to recent high profile collapses of organisations such as Enron and WorldCom. Because of the ubiquitous nature of Information Technology (IT) and its influence on organisational activities, IT governance is increasingly seen as an integral part of corporate governance. However, existing literature shows the lack of a common understanding of IT governance due to various perspectives held amongst academics and practitioners. For example, schools of thought group IT governance according to structure with an emphasis on control and co-ordination or process with an emphasis on capability and continuity. The purpose of this …

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Adapting Information Operations To A Changing World: Future Options For The United States Government, Edwin L. Armistead Jan 2008

Adapting Information Operations To A Changing World: Future Options For The United States Government, Edwin L. Armistead

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

In 1998, the Department of Defense in the United States released the first of a series of seminal policies on Information Operations (IO). Entitled Joint Publication 3-13, this instruction laid out for the first time, in an unclassified format, how the American military forces could utilise this particular element of power. As a relative newly defined activity, this publication proposed to revolutionise the manner in which warfare, diplomacy, business and a number of other areas are conducted. However, this radical transformation in the United States government with regard to IQ has not occurred over the last decade and a significant …

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Corporate Social Disclosures By Indonesian Listed Companies, Juniati Gunawan Jan 2008

Corporate Social Disclosures By Indonesian Listed Companies, Juniati Gunawan

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The issue of corporate social disclosure (CSD) has been of growing concern among businesses and communities globally, including those in Indonesia. As one of the big developing countries which offers a large domestic market and workforce. lndonesia is exposed to this issue. This study examines the extent of CSD in Indonesian listed companies by applying the content analysis method to company annual reports for the years 2003 to 2006. Prior studies have focused on exploring the theoretical framework, seeking the motivation for disclosures and obtaining certain stakeholder's opinions regarding CSD. However, those studies were limited to developed countries and to …

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Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, January 29, 2008, Conference Call, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board Jan 2008

Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, January 29, 2008, Conference Call, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

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Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, January 8-10, 2008, Amelia Island, Fl; Asb Highlights January 2008, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board Jan 2008

Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, January 8-10, 2008, Amelia Island, Fl; Asb Highlights January 2008, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

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Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, May 6-8, 2008, Chicago, Il, Approved Highlights; Asb Highlights May 2008, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board Jan 2008

Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, May 6-8, 2008, Chicago, Il, Approved Highlights; Asb Highlights May 2008, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

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Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, December 11-12, 2008, Washington, Dc, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board Jan 2008

Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, December 11-12, 2008, Washington, Dc, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

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Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, October 27-30, 2008, Phoenix, Az; October 27-30, 2008 Asb Meeting Highlights, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board Jan 2008

Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, October 27-30, 2008, Phoenix, Az; October 27-30, 2008 Asb Meeting Highlights, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

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Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, December 11-12, 2008, Washington, Dc, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board Jan 2008

Auditing Standards Board (Asb) Meeting, December 11-12, 2008, Washington, Dc, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

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Uniform Accountancy Act, Standards For Regulation Including Substantial Equivalency, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants (Aicpa), National Association Of State Boards Of Accountancy Jan 2008

Uniform Accountancy Act, Standards For Regulation Including Substantial Equivalency, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants (Aicpa), National Association Of State Boards Of Accountancy

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

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Pandemic Preparedness Among Sudanese Migrants In Greater Cairo, Yasmine Ahmed, Rebecca Dibb Jan 2008

Pandemic Preparedness Among Sudanese Migrants In Greater Cairo, Yasmine Ahmed, Rebecca Dibb

Faculty Journal Articles

This study looked at the perceptions and vulnerabilities of Sudanese migrants to an influenza pandemic in Egypt. Migrants’ limited access to health and non-health public services in Egypt and the absence of a specific migrants’ component in the Egyptian National Pandemic Preparedness Plan provide indication of the vulnerability of migrants, both in terms of prevention and actual protection during a pandemic. This research project, commissioned by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and conducted by the Centre for Migration and Refugee Studies (CMRS) at the American University in Cairo, aimed to provide a situational analysis of pandemic preparedness among the …

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Assessment Of Noise Impact Of Air Traffic At Dubai International Airport, Maryam Ali Ahmad Al Balooshi Jan 2008

Assessment Of Noise Impact Of Air Traffic At Dubai International Airport, Maryam Ali Ahmad Al Balooshi

Theses

The aviation industry in UAE has experienced rapid expansion over the past decade due to increase in economic growth and technological advancements. UAE’s total fiscal investment on airport development over the coming 20 years is estimated to exceed Dh 71 billion (US$19.35 billion). Civil aviation now a day is considered one of the greatest environmental concerns which lead to many different environmental problems. The International Aviation Organization (ICAO) secretariat considered aircraft noise as the most significant cause of adverse community reaction relating to the operation and expansion of airports. This is expected to remain the case in most regions of …

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Public Recreation And Neighborhood Sense Of Community: An Exploration Of A Hypothesized Relationship, Svetoslav D. Gueorguiev, Edwin Gómez, Eddie Hill Jan 2008

Public Recreation And Neighborhood Sense Of Community: An Exploration Of A Hypothesized Relationship, Svetoslav D. Gueorguiev, Edwin Gómez, Eddie Hill

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

This study explores the relationship between park attributes (perceived safety and perceived benefits) and their relationship to sense of community in urban neighborhoods. The study finds that the perception of benefits derived from park use has a direct relationship with sense of community, and that park safety is indirectly related to sense of community, with the perception of park benefits mediating the relationship between park safety and sense of community. Theoretical and practical considerations are discussed.

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