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2008

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Responsible Debt Relief: An Algorithmic Assessment Of Household Debt Capacity And Repayment Capacity, Robert Manning Jan 2008

Responsible Debt Relief: An Algorithmic Assessment Of Household Debt Capacity And Repayment Capacity, Robert Manning

Articles

Since the early 1990s, the growth of U.S. household debt in general consumer credit card debt in particular has soared to unprecedented levels-from an aggregate total of less than $4.0 trillion in 1990 to over $13 trillion in 2008. During this period, the average American household dramatically increased its home mortgage debt, from almost $2.5 trillion in 1990 to nearly $10.5 trillion today. Similarly, consumer "revolving" or credit card debt quadrupled from $239 billion to about $950 billion today. Moreover the growth of U.S. credit card debt was paid of through mortgage refinancing, home equity loans, and cash proceeds from …

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Uri Undergraduate And Graduate Course Catalog 2008-2009, University Of Rhode Island Jan 2008

Uri Undergraduate And Graduate Course Catalog 2008-2009, University Of Rhode Island

URI Course Catalogs Archive

No abstract provided.

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The Siren Sounds For Nitrogen, Jeremy S. Scholtes Jan 2008

The Siren Sounds For Nitrogen, Jeremy S. Scholtes

Student Articles and Papers

The international community is intensifying its efforts to combat nitrogen pollution, a threat to human health and the environment. In this Article, Jeremy S. Scholtes examines the nature of this type of pollution and the legal instruments currently in place that deal with it. He begins by explaining the theoretical concerns that negotiators must consider when designing legal instruments, recommending that regional hard law instruments in concert with partnership coordination platforms are the most effective tools for addressing nitrogen pollution. He concludes that the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) should be used as the model for developing …

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The Low-Wage Worker: Legal Rights--Legal Realities, Bryan M. Seiler, Laura J. Cooper, Catherine L. Fisk Jan 2008

The Low-Wage Worker: Legal Rights--Legal Realities, Bryan M. Seiler, Laura J. Cooper, Catherine L. Fisk

Minnesota Law Review, Vols. 1-106:1 (1917-2021)

No abstract provided.

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The Rules Enabling Act And The Procedural-Substantive Tension: A Lesson In Statutory Interpretation, Martin H. Redish, Dennis Murashko Jan 2008

The Rules Enabling Act And The Procedural-Substantive Tension: A Lesson In Statutory Interpretation, Martin H. Redish, Dennis Murashko

Minnesota Law Review, Vols. 1-106:1 (1917-2021)

No abstract provided.

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Horizontal Federalism, Allan Erbsen Jan 2008

Horizontal Federalism, Allan Erbsen

Minnesota Law Review, Vols. 1-106:1 (1917-2021)

No abstract provided.

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Why Monuments Are Government Speech: The Hard Case Of Pleasant Grove City V. Summun, 58 Cath. U. L. Rev. 7 (2008), Mary Jean Dolan Jan 2008

Why Monuments Are Government Speech: The Hard Case Of Pleasant Grove City V. Summun, 58 Cath. U. L. Rev. 7 (2008), Mary Jean Dolan

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Standardization And Pluralism In Property Law , Nestor M. Davidson Jan 2008

Standardization And Pluralism In Property Law , Nestor M. Davidson

Faculty Scholarship

At the heart of contemporary property theory stands an intriguing puzzle. Unlike the relatively unconstrained freedom that contract law provides for private ordering, property law recognizes only a limited and standard list of mandatory forms. This standardization-known as the numerus clausus from the civil law concept that the "number is closed" -poses a basic conundrum: what can explain a persistent feature of the law that seems, at first glance, so clearly to restrict the autonomy and efficiency gains conventionally associated with private property? This Article proceeds in four parts. Part I describes the numerus clausus principle and the problems that …

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The Philosopher's Brief, Paul Horwitz Jan 2008

The Philosopher's Brief, Paul Horwitz

Constitutional Commentary, Vols 1–36 (1984–2022)

No abstract provided.

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Judicial Enforcement Of The Establishment Clause, Richard W. Garnett Jan 2008

Judicial Enforcement Of The Establishment Clause, Richard W. Garnett

Constitutional Commentary, Vols 1–36 (1984–2022)

No abstract provided.

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Religious Reasons And The Liberty Of Citizens: The Integration Of The Religious And The Secular In Kent Greenawalt's Religion And The Constitution, Robert Audi Jan 2008

Religious Reasons And The Liberty Of Citizens: The Integration Of The Religious And The Secular In Kent Greenawalt's Religion And The Constitution, Robert Audi

Constitutional Commentary, Vols 1–36 (1984–2022)

No abstract provided.

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Rethinking Trademark Fair Use, William Mcgeveran Jan 2008

Rethinking Trademark Fair Use, William Mcgeveran

Articles

The ever-expanding scope and strength of trademark rights has caused justifiable fears of a threat to free expression. Until now, however, concerned scholars generally focused on perfecting the substance of legal rules that balance free speech against other goals. This effort is misplaced because most cases raising these issues in recent years ended in judicial decisions that favored speech. The real danger arises from the procedural structure of trademark law's various fair use doctrines, which generate excessive ambiguity and prolong litigation before ever reaching such positive outcomes. Resulting administrative costs discourage speakers from using trademarks expressively in the first place, …

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A Problem Of Remedy: Responding To Treasury's (Lack Of) Compliance With Administrative Procedure Act Rulemaking Requirements, Kristin Hickman Jan 2008

A Problem Of Remedy: Responding To Treasury's (Lack Of) Compliance With Administrative Procedure Act Rulemaking Requirements, Kristin Hickman

Articles

In earlier work, I found that more than 40% of Treasury regulations studied are susceptible to legal challenge for their failure to satisfy Administrative Procedure Act rulemaking requirements. Given this finding, why is it that taxpayers rarely raise such claims? The article explores this question and focuses particularly on statutory and doctrinal limitations on pre-enforcement judicial review in the tax context and their role in further limiting post-enforcement challenges. Although the article proposes ways in which the courts could relax the limitations on pre-enforcement judicial review in tax cases, the article also acknowledges that the courts are unlikely to change …

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Possible Prehistoric Fishing Effects On Coastal Marine Food Webs In The Gulf Of Maine, Bruce J. Bourque, Beverly J. Johnson, Robert S. Steneck Jan 2008

Possible Prehistoric Fishing Effects On Coastal Marine Food Webs In The Gulf Of Maine, Bruce J. Bourque, Beverly J. Johnson, Robert S. Steneck

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Real-Time Realistic Rendering Of Nature Scenes With Dynamic Lighting, Kevin Boulanger Jan 2008

Real-Time Realistic Rendering Of Nature Scenes With Dynamic Lighting, Kevin Boulanger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rendering of natural scenes has interested the scientific community for a long time due to its numerous applications. The targeted goal is to create images that are similar to what a viewer can see in real life with his/her eyes. The main obstacle is complexity: nature scenes from real life contain a huge number of small details that are hard to model, take a lot of time to render and require a huge amount of memory unavailable in current computers. This complexity mainly comes from geometry and lighting. The goal of our research is to overcome this complexity and to …

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Evaluating The Performance Of Animal Shelters: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis, Brandy Heyde Jan 2008

Evaluating The Performance Of Animal Shelters: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis, Brandy Heyde

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The focus of this thesis is the application of data envelopment analysis to understand and evaluate the performance of diverse animal welfare organizations across the United States. The results include identification of the most efficient animal welfare organizations, at least among those that post statistics on their operations, and a discussion of various partnerships that may improve the performance of the more inefficient organizations. The Humane Society of the United States estimates that there are 4000 - 6000 independently-run animal shelters across the United States, with an estimated 6-8 million companion animals entering them each year. Unfortunately, more than half …

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Without A Camera, Brian Kulbaba Jan 2008

Without A Camera, Brian Kulbaba

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The method for creating my art is a matter of experimental process, manipulation of photographic elements, and time spent. I am a photographer in a digital age that does not use a camera. My moment of creativity occurs without the snap of a shutter, but relies on my understanding and control of the chemical components of photography. My work deconstructs the notion of duplication commonly found in photography. The procedure can be repeated but the results are variable. The process of creating my work often results in a multitude of prints, but the pieces that I select as art capture …

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Learning African-American History In A Synthetic Learning Environment, Adams Greenwood-Ericksen Jan 2008

Learning African-American History In A Synthetic Learning Environment, Adams Greenwood-Ericksen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic Learning Environments (SLEs) represent a hybrid of simulations and games, and in addition to their pedagogical content, rely on elements of story and interactivity to drive engagement with the learning material. The present work examined the differential impact of varying levels of story and interactivity on learning. The 2x2 between subjects design tested learning and retention among 4 different groups of participants, each receiving one of the 4 possible combinations of low and high levels of story and interactivity. Objective assessments of participant performance yielded the unexpected finding that learners using the SLE performed more poorly than any other …

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Structure-Function Analysis Of The Drosophila Stubble Type Ii Transmembrane Serine Protease, Rachel Morgan Jan 2008

Structure-Function Analysis Of The Drosophila Stubble Type Ii Transmembrane Serine Protease, Rachel Morgan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hormonally-triggered regulatory hierarchies play a major role in organismal development. Disruption of a single member of such a hierarchy can lead to irregular development and disease. Therefore, knowledge of the members involved and the mechanisms controlling signaling through such pathways is of great importance in understanding how resulting developmental defects occur. Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) make up a family of cell surface-associated proteases that play important roles in the development and homeostasis of a number of mammalian tissues. Aberrant expression of TTSPs is linked to several human disorders, including deafness, heart and respiratory disease and cancer. However, the …

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Tmdl Bioassessment Sampling Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates For Lake Jesup And Lake Seminary, Gloria Eby Jan 2008

Tmdl Bioassessment Sampling Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates For Lake Jesup And Lake Seminary, Gloria Eby

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to obtain a bioassessment using benthic macroinvertebrates to meet TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) criteria for an oligotrophic (Lake Seminary) and an eutrophic (Lake Jesup) freshwater system in Seminole County, Florida. Monthly sampling of the benthic macroinverterbrate communities provided important biological data necessary to construct TMDL protocol and trophic state. Since macroinvertebrates are near the base of the food chain, they not only provide a critical role in the natural flow of energy and cycling of nutrients through the food web, but also provide a good indication of water quality by their presence and …

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Cis-Regulatory Analysis Of The Pigment Cell Differentiation Gene Polyketide Synthase, David Rogers Jan 2008

Cis-Regulatory Analysis Of The Pigment Cell Differentiation Gene Polyketide Synthase, David Rogers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) is essential to understanding the complete process of embryo development. Elucidating every gene regulatory circuit from maternal regulatory inputs all the way to the activation of differentiation gene batteries is an important step in increasing our understanding of developmental biology. In this work I study the cis-regulatory architecture of a pigment cell differentiation gene, polyketide synthase (SpPks) in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. SpPks encodes an enzyme that is responsible for the biosynthesis of the sea urchin pigment echinochrome in larval pigment cells. The analysis of the promoter of a differentiation gene will …

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Virtually Abstract, Michael Kappers Jan 2008

Virtually Abstract, Michael Kappers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

My most recent body of work frees me from traditional animation and graphic design principles that had become second nature in my creative practice over years of commercial work in industry. I now find myself unconsciously creating shape and form without a preconceived vision of the final outcome. This allows for a free-flowing approach to my canvas. The canvas in which my forms are created is virtual space and can be described as an infinite cube. The first step I take in each of my pieces is creating a cube with the center residing at Cartesian coordinates 0,0,0. From there, …

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Amphibian, Reptile, And Small Mammal Associates Of Ozark Pocket Gopher Habitat In Izard County, Arkansas, M. Connior, I. Guenther, Thomas S. Risch, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 2008

Amphibian, Reptile, And Small Mammal Associates Of Ozark Pocket Gopher Habitat In Izard County, Arkansas, M. Connior, I. Guenther, Thomas S. Risch, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a study of the amphibian, reptile, and small mammal community assemblage of Ozark pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius ozarkensis) habitat in north-central Arkansas. We used 2 methods to capture individuals: hand capture and drift fences. During the study, we captured and marked a total of 9 anuran, 4 salamander, 5 lizard, 3 turtle, 16 snake, and 8 small mammal species exclusive of pocket gophers. We found one hatchling three-toed box turtle (Terrapene carolina triunguis) and one rough earth snake (Virginia striatula) inside a pocket gopher burrow and mound, respectively. Additionally, we witnessed both eastern racers (Coluber constrictor) and eastern …

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Arkansas Endemic Biota: An Update With Additions And Deletions, H. Robison, C. Mcallister, C. Carlton, G. Tucker Jan 2008

Arkansas Endemic Biota: An Update With Additions And Deletions, H. Robison, C. Mcallister, C. Carlton, G. Tucker

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

It has been over a decade since the publication of Robison and Allen (1995) that provided the definitive list of endemic flora and fauna of Arkansas. The present study brings up-to-date the endemic biota of the state. Since 1995, several new species have been described and new discoveries have been made, adding species to the state biota. Other species are deleted and new distributional information on other state endemics is presented. Specifically, 3 new plant species are added to the state list while 4 plant species are deleted. Sixteen new animal species/subspecies are added to the state list while numerous …

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Distribution And Taxonomic Status Of Tarantulas In Arkansas(Theraphosidae: Aphonopelma), Michael D. Warriner Jan 2008

Distribution And Taxonomic Status Of Tarantulas In Arkansas(Theraphosidae: Aphonopelma), Michael D. Warriner

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The genus Aphonopelma (Theraphosidae) is marked by a dearth of distributional data and a problematic taxonomy. To develop occurrence information for the genus in Arkansas, I conducted a citizen-science based survey augmented by field work and examination of museum collections. Results of these efforts yielded a significant amount of data that enabled the construction of a county level map of Aphonopelma distribution in Arkansas; a resource hitherto unavailable. Three Aphonopelma species have been described as occurring in Arkansas: A. baergi, A. hentzi, and A. odelli. Specimens were collected from Arkansas and Oklahoma to evaluate taxonomic and historical issues concerning the …

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Title Of A Paper Prepared For The Arkansas Academy Of Science Journal [Instructions For Prospective Authors], Academy Editors Jan 2008

Title Of A Paper Prepared For The Arkansas Academy Of Science Journal [Instructions For Prospective Authors], Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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O'Connor's "God, Evil, And Design: An Introduction To The Philosophical Issues Malden" - Book Review, Mark Mcleod-Harrison Jan 2008

O'Connor's "God, Evil, And Design: An Introduction To The Philosophical Issues Malden" - Book Review, Mark Mcleod-Harrison

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

Review of David O’Connor, God, Evil, and Design: An Introduction to the Philosophical Issues Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing, 2008 (viii, 226, with index) ISBN 978-1-4051- 5770-4 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-4051-5771-1 (pbk)

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Investigation Of Redox-Active Ruthenium(Ii) Polypyridyl Complexes As Potential Anti-Cancer Drugs, Abhishek Yadav Jan 2008

Investigation Of Redox-Active Ruthenium(Ii) Polypyridyl Complexes As Potential Anti-Cancer Drugs, Abhishek Yadav

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Stereospecific binding of ruthenium metallointercalators with DNA is of particular interest because of the potential for improved targeting of specific sites in DNA. The present studies are focused on new metallointercalator, ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complex [(phen) 2 Ru(tatpp)(phen) 2 ]Cl 4 , [P p ] 4+ , and it's structural analog [Ru(phen) 2 (tatpp)]Cl 2 , [MP p ] 2+ ; the latter contains a redox active bridging ligand tatpp (where tatpp = 9,11,20,22-tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-l:2''',3'''-n]-pentacene and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Complex [P p ] 4+ exists as a mixture of ΔΔ-, ΔΔ- and ΔΔ- stereisomers whereas [MP p ] 2+ exists as …

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Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2008 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police Jan 2008

Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2008 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

KENTUCKY’S TRAFFIC COLLISION FACTS report for 2008 is based on collision reports submitted to the Kentucky State Police Records Branch. As required by Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.635, “every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made...shall file a report of the accident...within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau.” The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize data on traffic collisions for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the Commonwealth. Data contained in this report are based solely on the observations …

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From Religiosity To Consumerism: Press Coverage Of Thanksgiving, 1905-2005, Bonnie Brennen Jan 2008

From Religiosity To Consumerism: Press Coverage Of Thanksgiving, 1905-2005, Bonnie Brennen

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

This research looks at the coverage of Thanksgiving during the past 100 years on 11 daily urban newspapers published in the United States in an effort to assess journalistic practices related to the coverage of routine news stories and to understand how through its coverage newspapers represent and interpret social, political, and economic change. The Thanksgiving holiday was chosen because it has been a traditional news story consistently covered each year in the press and an analysis of the coverage provides insights into the basic routines of journalism including news conventions, journalistic values, and norms over the past 100 years.

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