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2007

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A Decent Proposal: The Constitutionality Of Indecency Regulation On Cable And Direct Broadcast Satellite Services, Matthew S. Schwartz Jan 2007

A Decent Proposal: The Constitutionality Of Indecency Regulation On Cable And Direct Broadcast Satellite Services, Matthew S. Schwartz

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Little Timmy’s parents both work late, and he often finds himself sitting alone in front of the television after school. He doesn’t know the difference between “broadcast,” “cable,” or “direct broadcast satellite,” but he does know how to work the remote control. One day, as he is clicking through the channels – 2, 4, 7, 93, 128, they’re all the same to him – he comes across a provocative scene. What are those two people doing? he wonders with wide eyes. And where are most of their clothes? At that moment, Timmy’s father walks in and is shocked by the …

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To Mark Or Not To Mark: Application Of The Patent Marking Statute To Websites And The Internet, Eugene Goryunov, Mark Polyakov Jan 2007

To Mark Or Not To Mark: Application Of The Patent Marking Statute To Websites And The Internet, Eugene Goryunov, Mark Polyakov

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Patentees, and persons making, offering for sale, or selling within the United States any patented article for or under them, or importing any patented article into the United States, may give notice to the public that the same is patented, either by fixing thereon the word "patent" or the abbreviation "pat.", together with the number of the patent, or when, from the character of the article, this can not be done, by fixing to it, or to the package wherein one or more of them is contained, a label containing a like notice. In the event of failure so to …

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Introduction: Contains Cover, Table Of Contents, Letter From The Editor, And Masthead, Eileen R. Geller Jan 2007

Introduction: Contains Cover, Table Of Contents, Letter From The Editor, And Masthead, Eileen R. Geller

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The Richmond Journal of Law and Technology is proud to present its second issue of the 2007–2008 academic school year. Our authors tackle a number of emerging issues in ways we think you’ll find especially interesting.

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From Facebook To Folsom Prison Blues: How Banning Laptops In The Classroom Made Me A Better Law School Teacher, Nancy G. Maxwell Jan 2007

From Facebook To Folsom Prison Blues: How Banning Laptops In The Classroom Made Me A Better Law School Teacher, Nancy G. Maxwell

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

A well-respected judge recently was asked to speak to a law school Administrative Law class. When he took the podium, he noticed that most of the students had laptops in front of them. As he was talking, the students’ fingers were flying across the keyboards, making clicking noises, their eyes fixed on the screens in front of them. Several times he noticed grins or frowns on the students’ faces, but the facial expressions were clearly unrelated to what he was saying. About twenty minutes into his talk, the judge, exasperated, clapped his hands together several times, calling out, “Is anyone …

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Assemblage Dynamics Of Exotic Herpetofauna On Jupiter Campus Of Florida Atlantic University, Kimber Kingsland Jan 2007

Assemblage Dynamics Of Exotic Herpetofauna On Jupiter Campus Of Florida Atlantic University, Kimber Kingsland

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

Many species considered exotic, by both biological definition and social construction, have been introduced into South Florida. These species compete for resources with native species and with each other. In this study, I surveyed the John D. MacArthur Campus of Florida Atlantic University in Jupiter Florida during spring and fall of 2005 to determine the assemblage dynamics of several exotic herpetofauna species, primarily the nocturnal Wood Slave gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia), the Indo- Pacific gecko (H. garnotii), and the diurnal Cuban brown anole (Anolis sagrei). I found that the more recently established (H. mabouia) was out-competing (H. garnotii) on most of …

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Bioprospecting For Useful Compounds In The Venom Of Crematogaster Ants, Robert E. Mccurdy Jan 2007

Bioprospecting For Useful Compounds In The Venom Of Crematogaster Ants, Robert E. Mccurdy

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

Bioprospecting, the search for useful compounds in nature, has led to the discovery of many important pharmaceuticals. Most current bioprospecting efforts work with chemicals derived from marine invertebrates and terrestrial plants. I looked for useful compounds in a relatively unstudied source, the venom of Crematogaster ants, using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Further studies can more accurately identify these chemicals using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).

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Examination Of Alexithymia In A Non-Treatment Seeking Population Of Acute And Chronic Pain Sufferers, Karen L. Ramm Jan 2007

Examination Of Alexithymia In A Non-Treatment Seeking Population Of Acute And Chronic Pain Sufferers, Karen L. Ramm

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

Difficulty in communicating internal states may interfere with medical assessment of pain conditions. Individuals who score high on an assessment measure of a construct called alexithymia have difficulty in describing and/or identifying emotions. Both diffuse and low verbal communication styles have been related to alexithymia in chronic pain patients. Alexithymia has also been linked with pain intensity and various chronic pain conditions. As yet, research has not examined whether alexithymia and acute pain are related. The current research examined high-functioning individuals with chronic, acute, or no pain. No difference in alexithymia levels was found between the groups. However, pain intensity …

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"Is The World, Then, So Narrow?", Derek. Mcgrath Jan 2007

"Is The World, Then, So Narrow?", Derek. Mcgrath

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter and its preface, "The Custom- House," the author himself and Pearl Prynne are characters who engage in travel, escaping the restrictiveness imposed onto them by their hometowns and finding greater creative freedom elsewhere. Their journey, however, is not necessarily physical but rather creative. Hawthorne and Pearl employ writing and imaginative thinking, respectively, in order to characterize Salem and Boston as foreign locations through which they may tour. The two are what Hawthorne calls "citizen[s] of somewhere else," although they have not departed from their homes yet. By considering how "The Custom-House" relates to The …

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Breeding Season And Fecundity Of Gopherus Polyphemus In South Florida, Melody. Strattan Jan 2007

Breeding Season And Fecundity Of Gopherus Polyphemus In South Florida, Melody. Strattan

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

The gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, is a threatened species native to the southeastern United States. The breeding season of G. polyphemus is reportedly from April to June. However, out of season hatchlings in Jupiter, Florida, suggest that in South Florida, the very southernmost part of the gopher tortoise's range, the warmer climate allows a longer period of reproduction or a year-round breeding season. My research sought to find evidence for an extended breeding season and to collect fecundity data on the South Florida tortoises by capturing female tortoises and X-raying them at different times of the year to check for …

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From Mortality To Connectedness, Garreth. Rosenzweig Jan 2007

From Mortality To Connectedness, Garreth. Rosenzweig

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

Terror Management Theory posits that induced death-related cognitions lead to anxiety. To relieve anxiety, individuals may bolster their self-esteem or current cultural worldviews. The current study hypothesizes that induced thoughts of social connectedness will be an anxiety-buffering mechanism that will reduce the need to defend one's worldview. Participants watched one of two films which were intended to either induce social connectedness or have no effect on the individual. Each participant watched a short film clip then completed measures pertaining to moral transgressions, affiliative and agentic extraversion, self-esteem, and positive and negative affect. Females who were high on affiliation were found …

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Territory Size Of The Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma Coerulescens) At Savannas Preserve State Park, Theresa E. Smith Jan 2007

Territory Size Of The Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma Coerulescens) At Savannas Preserve State Park, Theresa E. Smith

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

The Florida Scrub-jay is the only bird endemic to the state of Florida, and is entirely restricted to pyrogenic xeric oak scrublands. The species is listed as Threatened, and all populations throughout the state are in decline. The major causes of decline are habitat modification due to development and fire suppression. Preservation and proper fire management is crucial for the continued survival of the species. The territories of three families of Florida Scrub-jays at Savannas Preserve State Park were delineated, and the area calculated using 100% MVCP analysis and compared to work previously published by Cowan (2005). The results of …

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Diet-Based Defensive Secretions In Harvestmen, Graham. Whitaker Jan 2007

Diet-Based Defensive Secretions In Harvestmen, Graham. Whitaker

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

Harvestmen are known to secrete a wide range of defensive chemicals in order to protect themselves from predators. An earlier study examined the phylogenetic pattern of defensive secretions produced by 22 species of harvestmen. This research, however, assumed that there is a genetic link between the defensive secretions. I wished to determine whether harvestmen defensive secretions may be diet-based by introducing several irritants into their food and then testing their secretions in the same manner. I performed a GC-MS analysis on 13 samples from the Vonones sp. But I found no initial GC-MS readings that showed this species of harvestmen …

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Fluctuating Craniodental Asymmetry In The Southern African Cheetah Acinonyx Jubatus Jubatus, Stephanie Julia. Sabshin Jan 2007

Fluctuating Craniodental Asymmetry In The Southern African Cheetah Acinonyx Jubatus Jubatus, Stephanie Julia. Sabshin

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) continues to be an object of intensive study with respect to its genetic heterozygosity and its drastic decline in the wild. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) has been used to evaluate the levels of inbreeding and monomorphism in the cheetah. A measurement of craniodental FA was undertaken to compare the southern African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) with previously collected craniodental FA measurements from the East African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus raineyi). Unlike their counterparts, the southern African cheetah did not show significant asymmetry. These findings suggest that fluctuating asymmetry cannot be used as a determination of genetic depletion in …

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Effects Of The Cyanobacterium Lyngbya Majuscula And Artificial Shading On The Seagrass Halodule Wrightii, Kathryn A. Tiling Jan 2007

Effects Of The Cyanobacterium Lyngbya Majuscula And Artificial Shading On The Seagrass Halodule Wrightii, Kathryn A. Tiling

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2003 - 2009

Extensive blooms of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula occurred during 2006 in Halodule wrightii seagrass beds. We examined the effects of L. majuscula blooms on seagrass by removal treatments and assessed if this was primarily an effect of shading by conducting artificial shade treatments. We tested the effects of L. majuscula removal and artificial shading on fifty individual 0.25 m2 experimental seagrass plots infested with L. majuscula in a fully crossed, two-way experiment. Measurements included blade elongation, biomass, and stem density. Blade lengths of H. wrightii were significantly increased by the presence of artificial shading and L. majuscula. L. majuscula …

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The Emerging Importance Of Law Review Rankings For Law School Rankings, 2003-200 7, Alfred L. Brophy Jan 2007

The Emerging Importance Of Law Review Rankings For Law School Rankings, 2003-200 7, Alfred L. Brophy

University of Colorado Law Review

The release of the 2007 U.S. News rankings of law schools has set off another round of speculation on the meanings of the rankings and what, ifanything, schools can do to improve the quality of the education they provide, as well as their rankings. Drawing upon earlier evidence that there is a close connection between the citation rankings of law reviews and the ranking of their law schools, this paper looks to changes in both the U.S. News rankings and law journal rankings over the past few years. This paper tests and finds some support for a hypothesis that as …

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Maccrate (In)Action: The Case For Enhancing The Upper-Level Writing Requirement In Law Schools, Kenneth D. Chestek Jan 2007

Maccrate (In)Action: The Case For Enhancing The Upper-Level Writing Requirement In Law Schools, Kenneth D. Chestek

University of Colorado Law Review

Many commentators have described, and lamented, the gap between the legal academy and the practice of law. This article takes a more hopeful approach. The American Bar Association, the accrediting body for law schools, appears to have been nudging law schools toward offering, and even requiring, more and more practical legal education to teach law students how to perform the tasks they will need in order to practice in a competent manner. The article examines the 2001 amendment to the ABA Standards for Accreditation, which required, for the first time, an "additional rigorous writing experience after the first year, " …

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In Restraint Of Trade: The Judicial Law Clerk Hiring Plan, Mark W. Pletcher, Ludovic C. Ghesquiere Jan 2007

In Restraint Of Trade: The Judicial Law Clerk Hiring Plan, Mark W. Pletcher, Ludovic C. Ghesquiere

University of Colorado Law Review

In an effort to bring order to what has historically been a chaotic process, federal judges and law schools implemented the Judicial Law Clerk Hiring Plan in 2002, prohibiting all students except those in their third year of law school from applying for federal clerkships. However, there is a serious problem with the Law Clerk Hiring Plan: it is an unreasonable restraint of trade. In this article, we explore the history of the Law Clerk Hiring Plan and analyze whether it would survive traditional antitrust scrutiny. We conclude that the Plan is an unreasonable restraint of trade. Further, based upon …

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Secrecy And Access In An Innovation Intensive Economy: Reordering Information Privileges In Environmental, Health, And Safety Law, Mary L. Lyndon Jan 2007

Secrecy And Access In An Innovation Intensive Economy: Reordering Information Privileges In Environmental, Health, And Safety Law, Mary L. Lyndon

University of Colorado Law Review

This article examines the law concerned with access to information that is commercially valuable when it is kept secret but is also essential to environmental, health, and safety (EHS) risk evaluation. EHS law stimulates sustainable economic activity, including new technologies, and thus complements intellectual property law. Access to EHS information is essential to risk management, but current disclosure obligations are unclear, as the law is a patchwork of familiar but ill-fitting concepts and entitlements. The article discusses the current law that affects disclosure, taking into account recent changes in the technological and economic landscape. It also describes the contrasting uses …

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Keeping An Eye On The Golden Snitch: Implications Of The Interdisciplinary Approach In The Fourth Generation Of Natural Resources Law Casebooks, Sarah Krakoff Jan 2007

Keeping An Eye On The Golden Snitch: Implications Of The Interdisciplinary Approach In The Fourth Generation Of Natural Resources Law Casebooks, Sarah Krakoff

University of Colorado Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Representation And The Spatial Bias Of Direct Democracy, Daniel A. Smith Jan 2007

Representation And The Spatial Bias Of Direct Democracy, Daniel A. Smith

University of Colorado Law Review

Daniel Smith analyzes whether direct democracy favors urban and suburban voters' interests at the expense of rural voters' interests. After reviewing existing academic literature on the (sub)urban rural divide in direct democracy contests, the author performs an empirical analysis of county-level voting data on numerous recent Colorado ballot initiatives. The author concludes that there is a significant regional bias concerning popular votes on ballot initiatives, and that rural communities of interest will likely continue to be tyrannized by (sub)urban majorities in statewide ballot contests

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Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2007

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 8 2007, Several Authors Jan 2007

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 8 2007, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann Jan 2007

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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The Roles, Needs, And Challenges Of Arkansas Women In Agriculture, Carmen C. Albright, Jennie S. Popp Jan 2007

The Roles, Needs, And Challenges Of Arkansas Women In Agriculture, Carmen C. Albright, Jennie S. Popp

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Participants of the 2005-2007 Arkansas Women in Agriculture conferences were surveyed for this study to identify recent changes in their roles on and off the farm, the factors important to their success, and the problems they face in their businesses. Respondents were broken into two groups—Farm (women owner-operators of farms, ranches, or agribusinesses) and Non-farm (women working in supporting agricultural industries)—for comparisons and responses were also analyzed across years. Farm women most often reported problems keeping good employees each year, while Non-farm women often reported having problems with being respected as a female business person. For Farm women, the factor …

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Controlling Listeria Monocytogenes On Ready-To-Eat Poultry Products Using Carboxymethylcellulose Film Coatings Containing Green Tea Extract (Gte) Combined With Nisin And Malic Acid, Brittany Adams, N. Hettiarachchy, M. G. Johnson Jan 2007

Controlling Listeria Monocytogenes On Ready-To-Eat Poultry Products Using Carboxymethylcellulose Film Coatings Containing Green Tea Extract (Gte) Combined With Nisin And Malic Acid, Brittany Adams, N. Hettiarachchy, M. G. Johnson

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The ability to control Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat poultry products using carboxymethyl-cellulose film coatings containing green tea extract (GTE), malic acid (M), nisin (N), and their combinations was evaluated. The antimicrobials (GTE: 1.0%, nisin: 10,000 IU/g, malic acid: 1.0%) were incorporated alone or in combination into a carboxymethyl cellulose film coating. Pre-inoculated, fully cooked chicken pieces (~1g, 1cm x 1cm x 1cm) were coated with the film solution. The coated chicken pieces were stored at 4°C and the inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The highest inhibitory activity was found in …

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Gender And Other Social Effects In People’S Perceptions Of Domesticated Animals, Clayton Wagner Bell, A. Hayden Brown Jan 2007

Gender And Other Social Effects In People’S Perceptions Of Domesticated Animals, Clayton Wagner Bell, A. Hayden Brown

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

It is no secret that people possess radically differing opinions and philosophical beliefs regarding domesticated animals. These contradictory perceptions are especially evident when examining people’s thoughts regarding the mental capabilities of animals and issues related to animal welfare. To determine whether or not gender and social environments play a role in these various perceptions, a survey was formulated and randomly distributed to 1000 undergraduate students across the University of Arkansas campus. Upon examination of the survey results, some very intriguing correlations became apparent. Of particular interest were the differences between the perceptions of males and females regarding domesticated animals. Women …

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Design Of A Bioreactor To Study The Role Of Red Blood Cells In The Transport Of Nitric Oxide In The Microcirculation, Nupura Bhise, Mahendra Kavdia Jan 2007

Design Of A Bioreactor To Study The Role Of Red Blood Cells In The Transport Of Nitric Oxide In The Microcirculation, Nupura Bhise, Mahendra Kavdia

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in physiological functions like vasodilation, neurotransmission, and inhibition of platelet aggregation. The endothelium-derived NO diffuses into the vascular lumen where it interacts with flowing blood as well as the smooth muscles where it modulates vascular tone. However, uncertainty exists on how NO escapes the rapid scavenging by hemoglobin (Hb) and reaches smooth muscles. Several proposed hypotheses include 1) a reduced reaction rate of NO with Hb contained inside red blood cells (RBCs) and 2) NO preservation in the bound form of s-nitrosohemoglobin or nitrite. The mechanism and magnitude of reduction of NO reaction …

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Arkansas Producers’ Attitudes Toward The 2002 Farm Bill And Preferences For The 2007 Farm Bill, Misti Clark, Eric Wailes Jan 2007

Arkansas Producers’ Attitudes Toward The 2002 Farm Bill And Preferences For The 2007 Farm Bill, Misti Clark, Eric Wailes

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The Federal Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, otherwise known at the 2002 Farm Bill, contains current legislation regarding federal public policies and programs for U.S. food and agriculture. This legislation will expire in 2007 and thus new legislation will be developed. It is important to have farm producers’ input for developing this legislation because the policies and programs influence their business practices and livelihoods. The purpose of this study was to determine Arkansas producers’ attitudes toward current and future farm legislation based on an analysis of a survey administered to Arkansas farm producers in summer 2006. The main …

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Mycorrhizal Infection Rates In Roundupready® Row Crops In Response To Glyphosate And Phosphorus Applications, Aaron L. Daigh, Mary C. Savin, Larry C. Purcell Jan 2007

Mycorrhizal Infection Rates In Roundupready® Row Crops In Response To Glyphosate And Phosphorus Applications, Aaron L. Daigh, Mary C. Savin, Larry C. Purcell

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Currently, the majority of soybean, corn, and cotton crops grown in the U.S. is RoundupReady® (RR) varieties. RR crops are resistant to the active ingredient, glyphosate [N-phosphonomethylglycine], in the herbicide Roundup®. RR crops have been genetically modified by the addition of an enzyme found in Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 EPSPS that produces an essential protein, involved with aromatic amino-acid production, that is resistant to glyphosate. Glyphosate translocates via phloem from plant leaf tissues to other areas including the root system, and is thus able to affect the rhizosphere microbial community, including mycorrhizae, which are not resistant to glyphosate. A greenhouse …

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Pto Performance And Nox Emissions With D2, B20, And B100 Fuels In A John Deere 3203 Compact Tractor, Matthew Hardin, Tonya Brown, Melanie Roller, Donald Johnson, George Wardlow Jan 2007

Pto Performance And Nox Emissions With D2, B20, And B100 Fuels In A John Deere 3203 Compact Tractor, Matthew Hardin, Tonya Brown, Melanie Roller, Donald Johnson, George Wardlow

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Tests were conducted in fall 2006 on a John Deere 3203 diesel tractor to determine differences in specific fuel consumption, power take-off (PTO) torque, PTO power, thermal efficiency, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions between No. 2 diesel (D2), 20% biodiesel (B20), and 100% biodiesel (B100). Four 1-hour tests were conducted on each fuel. The results indicated no statistically significant differences (p≤.05) between D2 or B20 on any variable of interest. However, B100 resulted in significantly (p≤.05) increased, specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency and decreased PTO torque and PTO power over both D2 and B20. These data suggest that …

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