Digital Commons Network^™

A History Of Urban Coyote Problems, Robert M. Timm, Rex O. Baker

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We summarize previously published information on coyote attacks on humans in North America. This problem has developed primarily in urban and suburban areas of southern California since the early 1970s, and the frequency of attacks and other human safety incidents is increasing. Similar attacks are now known from at least 18 states in addition to California and from 4 Canadian provinces, with the majority of attacks occurring since the early 1990s. We review early explorers' and settlers' accounts of coyotes in the Los Angeles area, as well as development of coyote control programs during the 20th century. We also describe …

Suburban Coyote Management And Research Needs: A Northeast Perspective, Paul D. Curtis, Daniel A. Bogan, Gordon Batcheller

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Several factors may be responsible for increasing predator abundance in suburbia. These include an enhanced forage base associated with residential sprawl, and protection of predator species that were once persecuted and suppressed by hunters, trappers, and landowners. In the Northeast, anecdotal reports of coyotes (Canis latrans) killing pets in backyards are on the rise. The bulk of coyote complaints, concerns, and questions received from the public by state wildlife agencies are from areas with high human populations. Scant research exists on coyote behavioral ecology in human-altered landscapes. Biologists and managers need to understand changes in the social structure …

Reducing Rodenticide Hazards: Agricultural Settings, Terrell P. Salmon

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Rodenticides including anticoagulants, zinc phosphide and strychnine are frequently used for rodent control in agricultural areas in California. While considered safe and effective, non-target secondary poisonings related to anticoagulants and other materials have been reported. There are many ways to influence the hazards associated with rodenticide use. The most important thing in controlling rodents in agricultural areas is to do the best job possible combining knowledge of the target species, bait materials and possible non-target impacts. When a control program fails or is not very effective, growers are often forced to use additional control efforts to try to correct the …

Impacts Of Wildlife Diseases In Urban Environments, Mike R. Dunbar, Ray T. Sterner, Shylo R. Johnson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Approximately 60% of diseases causing pathogenic illness in humans originate in animals. Emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases pose considerable public health, environmental, and economic impacts in the U.S. There are over 250 urban areas in the U.S. with populations > 100,000. These densely populated centers, with concomitant development of natural areas, greenbelts, and walking trails, are viewed to exacerbate the potential for human-wildlife, pet-wildlife, and pet-human interactions leading to greater risks of zoonotic disease transmission. Wildlife rabies, West Nile virus (WNV), and bovine tuberculosis (bTB) offer illustrations of potential impacts from zoo noses in urban areas. Prevention of …

Blackbird Use Of Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots, George M. Linz, Jonathan M. Raetzman, Heath M. Hagy, H. Jeffrey Homan, William J. Bleier

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Blackbird (Icteridae) damage to ripening sunflower fields in North Dakota ranges from $5-10 million and has probably forced many growers to abandon this crop. From 2004 to 2006, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services cost-shared Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots (WCSP) with sunflower growers. The objective of the WCSP was to provide blackbirds an attractive nearby alternative food source to reduce damage in commercial fields. From 2004 through 2006, sunflower damage in the WCSP's was 39%, 32%, and 60%, respectively. In comparison, damage in nearby commercial fields was 5%, 4%, and 18%, over those years. In 2006, drought in the region …

Endangered Species And Migratory Bird Treaty Act Considerations In Rodenticide Registration And Use, Nancy H. Golden

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The Endangered Species Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act protect wildlife from injury or harm resulting from human activities, including pesticide use. In administering these laws, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) advises federal and state agencies, and private landowners and organizations of ways in which to minimize the adverse effects of rodenticides upon threatened and endangered species, and migratory birds. Technical assistance and formal consultation with USFWS can occur on both the registration and use of a rodenticide, and may result in general mitigation to the overall labeled use of a product, or site-specific modification based on …

Reducing Non-Target Hazards Of Rodenticides In Forest Settings, Wendy M. Arjo, David T. Bryson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Mammalian damage to forest resources is widespread and causes annual economic loss. Wildlife damage control is very important to the intensified land use practices and the economics of reforestation using seedlings. Reforestation areas provide ideal habitat for many wildlife species. However, animals negatively impact trees more severely during stand establishment than at any other time. While numerous non-lethal and lethal tools are available for large and medium-sized mammals, fewer tools are available for small mammals. The damage caused by these rodent species has in some cases warranted the use of rodenticides to control populations. Rodenticides are effective tools for reducing …

Reducing Rodenticide Hazards To Humans And Wildlife: The Need For Use Regulations, Michael Fry

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Rodenticide use poses significant exposure risks for children and poisoning risks for native wild birds and mammals in the United States. Poison Control Center reports document 15,000 calls annually identifying household rat poison ingestion, with 88% of cases for children under age six. Wildlife poisonings from ingestion of baits or treated grain may occur whenever birds or mammals have access to the products. This is especially true for broadcast baits and treated grain used above ground in agricultural settings, or when baits are distributed around structures or outside waste containers. Secondary poisoning of predators and scavengers occurs when target rodents …

Characterization Of Wild Pig - Vehicle Collisions, John J. Mayer, Paul E. Johns

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Wild pig (Sus scrofa) collisions with vehicles are known to occur in the United States, but only minimal information describing these accidents has been reported. In an effort to better characterize these accidents, data were collected from 179 wild pig-vehicle collisions from a location in west central South Carolina. Data included accident parameters pertaining to the animals involved, time, location, and human impacts. The age structure of the animals involved was significantly older than that found in the population. Most collisions involved single animals. However, up to seven animals were involved in individual accidents. As the number of …

Assessing The Impact Of Urban Coyote On People And Pets In Austin, Travis County, Texas, Randy O. Farrar

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The City of Austin acquires citizen reports of coyote (Canis latrans) observations or complaints through a toll-free non-emergency 311 telephone call system. The observed coyote behavior or activity reported by constituents is categorized into one of eight behavioral categories that correlate with observed changes in coyote behavior indicating an increasing risk to human safety. The categorical data is used to formulate indices of coyote behavior for accessing and monitoring the relative risk of urban coyotes to human safety over time. Behavioral indices with respect to established management zones are used to prioritize and target areas for preventing or …

Missing Cats, Stray Coyotes: One Citizen's Perspective, Judith C. Webster

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The author explores the issue of urban coyotes (Canis latrans) and coyote management from a cat owner's perspective, with specific examples from Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Following a personal encounter with two coyotes in July 2005 that led to the death of a cat, the author has delved into the history of Vancouver's "Co-existing with Coyotes", a government-funded program run by a non-profit ecological society. The policy's roots in conservation biology, the environmental movement, and the human dimensions branch of wildlife management are documented. The author contends that "Co-existing with Coyotes" puts people and pets at greater risk of …

Bad Dogs: Why Do Coyotes And Other Canids Become Unruly?, Robert H. Schmidt, Robert M. Timm

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We summarize the behavior of several species of canids (coyotes, dingoes, and gray wolves) in relation to their habituation to humans and to human food sources. Striking parallels exist between coyotes and other wild canids in terms of the inclination of individual animals to act aggressively toward humans and even attack, once they have come to associate humans with food. We describe the stages of coyotes' behavioral adaptation to suburban ecosystems, listing 7 steps toward increasing habituation, which can be used as action thresholds for invoking active coyote management or removal efforts. We consider the hypothesis that coyotes may regard …

Complexities Of Urban Coyote Management: Reaching The Unreachable, Teaching The Unteachable, And Touching The Untouchable, Robert H. Schmidt

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Urban coyote (Canis latrans) management is often complicated, but the technical portion of any management program is only one part of the equation. The use of lethal (traps, snares, shooting, toxicants) and non-lethal (exclusion, guard animals, husbandry practices, harassment) coyote management strategies can be successful, less than successful, or not successful depending on the appropriate match of technical skill and technology available in a particular situation. However, technical sophistication is only a portion of the management dilemma. Issues of policy, law, politics, and economics, as well as human values, attitudes, and ethics play an obvious and profound role …

The Use Of Rodenticides For Conservation Efforts, Gary Witmer, John D. Eisemann, Gregg Howald

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Non-native rats (Rattus spp.) and mice have been introduced to more than 80% of the island groups around the world. They have caused ecosystem-wide impacts, including the extirpation and extinction of many native and endemic species which evolved in a mammalian predator-free environment. Fortunately, practitioners have developed techniques to eradicate introduced rodents, allowing ecosystems to recover. Rodenticides have proven an effective tool in eradications, having been used in over 300 successful eradications worldwide. Careful planning, adequate resources, and a sustained effort by competent field staff are needed to help ensure a successful eradication program. Island eradications are logistically …

Reducing Rodenticide Hazards: Urban/Suburban Settings, Frank Meek

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Depending on the part of the United States, the pest service professional could be fighting several different species of rats and mice. In many situations the service professional may find not just one, but multiple species cohabitating. In the urban/suburban setting there are three primary hazards that must be taken into account prior to placing any rodenticide out for controlling rodents: primary non-target exposure; secondary non-target exposure; and secondary pest infestations from rodenticide placements. Reduction of hazard is based on proper identification of the target so that the correct treatment can be implemented to achieve the fastest results while reducing …

Management Strategies For Addressing Wildlife Disease Transmission: The Case For Fertility Control, Gary Killian, Kathleen Fagerstone, Terry Kreeger, Lowell Miller, Jack Rhyan

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Transmissible diseases among wildlife species, and between wildlife and domestic livestock, are a matter of increasing concern. A combination of approaches should be considered for controlling disease transmission. If a vaccine is available or can economically be developed for the disease, it should be used as the primary component of the disease management strategy. For example, development of an oral rabies vaccine has led to programs where baits are dispersed on a large scale in a barrier zone to prevent the spread of rabies. However, there are no vaccines available for many diseases and incentives are frequently not present for …

Field Method For Analyzing Birds For Avicide 3-Chloro-P-Toluidine Hydrochloride, Jerome C. Hurley, Patricia A. Pipas, Shelagh K. Tupper, John L. Cummings, Randal S. Stahl

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We developed a fast and simple method to detect presence or absence of DRC-1339 (CPTH: 3-Chloro-p-toluidine Hydrochloride) in birds that fed on DRC-1339 bait sites. We compared the effectiveness of the colorimetric method to the previously published analytical method using birds collected from DRC-1339 bait sites in Louisiana and Texas. We also conducted tests with caged red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to determine if time from consumption of DRC-1339-treated bait to death and time from death to colorimetric analysis affected test results. The colorimetric assay was effective in detecting the presence or absence of DRC-1339 in birds …

Cowbird Control: Management Issues, Controversies And Perceptions, And The Future, Scott G. Summers, Richard M. Kostecke, Garrett L. Norman

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Brood-parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) have been implicated as a cause of songbird population declines. Cowbirds can have particularly severe negative impacts on already endangered hosts. Removal of cowbirds by trapping has become a popular management action to benefit hosts. Cowbird trapping often decreases parasitism frequency and can help to increase the reproductive success of hosts. However, its role in the recovery of host populations is equivocal. Based on our experience at Fort Hood Military Reservation, Texas, the site of a long-term, landscape-scale trapping program, we discuss factors that we believe are important for the success of a trapping …

Diversity Week 2007

Diversity Programs

Lectures, Cultural Events, and Cuisine during Diversity Week, April 2007.

Distribution Of The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Biomarker C16:1Cis11 Among Neutral, Glyco And Phospholipids Extracted From Soil During The Reproductive Growth Of Corn, Maria S. Grigera, Rhae A. Drijber, Rebecca A. Shores-Morrow, Brian J. Wienhold

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi form symbiotic relationships with the majority of land plants and are known for their positive effects on plant P acquisition and soil quality. The extramatrical growth of the mycelium is a key factor in nutrient acquisition by the symbiont. Soil grinding and extraction/fractionation of lipids were used in a field experiment to identify probable sources of the AM biomarker C16:1cis11 and its functional significance during reproductive growth of corn (Zea mays L.). Chambers, enclosed with a 1mm mesh fabric to allow roots and hyphae to pass into the enclosed soil volume, were installed …

Hilltopics: Volume 3, Issue 21, Hilltopics Staff

Hilltopics

Enviro-politics: Mitchell London weighs in on global warming, separating the politics from the issue at hand, page 3.

Split your infinitives: Monica Chavez responds to the grammatical temper tantrum in last weekʼs edition, page 3.

Be Heard: If you donʼt like Hilltopics, do something about it. Apllications for next years staff, page 4.

Last Chance:Hilltopics is sponsoring an essay contest, and weʼre offering over $1,000 in prizes. More info on page 2.

The Collegian (2007-04-09), Isis Lopez

UTB/TSC Archives - The Collegian [Newspaper]

Vol. 59, No. 25

University Of Northern Iowa Faculty Senate Meeting Agenda, April 9, 2007, University Of Northern Iowa. Faculty Senate.

Documents - Faculty Senate

Meeting agenda from the Faculty Senate of the University of Northern Iowa.

University Of Northern Iowa Faculty Senate Meeting Minutes, April 9, 2007, University Of Northern Iowa. Faculty Senate.

Documents - Faculty Senate

Meeting minutes from the Faculty Senate of the University of Northern Iowa.

The Hilltop 4-9-2007, Hilltop Staff

The Hilltop: 2000 - 2010

No abstract provided.

The Daily Gamecock, Monday, April 9, 2007, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

April

No abstract provided.

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

The Current Volume 17 : Issue 25, Nova Southeastern University

Student Newspapers

No abstract provided.

April 9, 2007 Aasu Faculty Meeting Minutes, Armstrong Atlantic State University

Armstrong Faculty Senate: Minutes (Archived)

April 9, 2007 Armstrong Atlantic State University Faculty Meeting Minutes

Student Life, April 09, 2007

Student Life Newspapers

April 09, 2007 issue of Student Life, the independent newspaper of Washington University in St. Louis since 1878. 2006-2007 academic year. Permanent URL: https://doi.org/10.7936/K7ZW1K1R