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2007

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The Child Soldier Experience In Uzodinma Iweala's "Beasts Of No Nation", Nicole Gurley May 2007

The Child Soldier Experience In Uzodinma Iweala's "Beasts Of No Nation", Nicole Gurley

English

Uzodinma Iweala's Beasts of No Nation plays an integral role in raising awareness of the child soldier epidemic. It portrays this global issue through the eyes of Agu, the child narrator. This thesis attempts to understand the extent to which Agu's experiences with the rebel group as well as his participation in war affect him. Agu struggles to maintain his identity during his exposure to and forced involvement in rape, thievery, and murder. His age leaves him particularly vulnerable to the ravages of war, and although Agu succeeds in maintaining some of his identity, he is eventually alienated from himself …

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Surface-Subsurface Hydrologic Exchange And Nutrient Dynamics In The Hyporheic Zone Of The Tanana River, Hannah M. Clilverd May 2007

Surface-Subsurface Hydrologic Exchange And Nutrient Dynamics In The Hyporheic Zone Of The Tanana River, Hannah M. Clilverd

Biological Sciences

The aquatic-terrestrial interface is an active site of biogeochemical transformation, regulating the flux of nutrients between ecosystems. I addressed the hydrologic controls on nitrogen biogeochemistry in the hyporheic zone of a glacially fed river. I measured hyporheic concentrations of solutes and gases along subsurface flowpaths on two islands. Denitrification was quantified using an in situ [delta]⁻¹⁵NO₃⁻ push-pull technique. Nitrate concentration was consistently greater in river than in hyporheic water. Denitrification ranged from 1.9 - 29.4 mgN kg sediment⁻¹ day⁻¹. Hotspots of methane partial pressure, averaging 50,000 ppmv, were found in densely vegetated areas with low oxygen concentration (<0.5 mgO₂ L⁻¹). Hyporheic flow was an important source of nitrogen to microbes and vegetation, transporting on average 0.41 gNO₃⁻-N m⁻² day⁻¹ through surface sediments. Results suggest that denitrification is a major sink for river nitrate in boreal forest floodplain soils, particularly at the river-sediment interface. The stability of the river hydro graph is a key factor regulating anaerobic metabolism in the hyporheic zone.

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The Role Of Serotonergic (5-Ht) Neuromodulation In Respiratory Chemosensitivity, Deborah M. Fieldman May 2007

The Role Of Serotonergic (5-Ht) Neuromodulation In Respiratory Chemosensitivity, Deborah M. Fieldman

Biological Sciences

Breathing must be regulated to maintain appropriate levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Breathing may be influenced by serotonergic (5-HT) neurons, sensitive to CO₂, which activate the brain's respiratory network. However, this role of 5-HT neurons as CO₂-sensitive chemoreceptors in unanesthetized animals is unclear. This study used an unanesthetized in situ perfused rat brainstem preparation to test the hypothesis that 5-HT neurons contribute to CO₂ ventilatory responses. Changes in phrenic nerve discharge patterns were monitored as gas-saturated solutions supplying the preparation were switched from 5%C0₂ to 7%C0₂ (balance 0₂). The importance of 5-HT neurons was identified by comparing responses before …

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An Econometric Analysis Of Global Salmon Market Prices And Its Implications For The Alaska Wild Salmon Industry, Abby C. Holzinger May 2007

An Econometric Analysis Of Global Salmon Market Prices And Its Implications For The Alaska Wild Salmon Industry, Abby C. Holzinger

Economics

The Alaska wild salmon industry has gone through a period of low prices and changing markets in the past two decades. Average exvessel prices have dropped from $1.46 per pound in 1988 to $0.35 per pound in 2005, due in large part to increased volume of farmed salmon and marine-reared rainbow trout. This thesis examines the potential price and revenue effects from the interaction between wild Alaskan salmon and anticipated production increases of farmed salmon from Chile. To investigate these linkages I developed an international simultaneous equilibrium market model for wild and farmed salmon and marine-reared rainbow trout. While world-wide …

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Transport Of Dungeness Crab (Cancer Magister) Megalopae Into Glacier Bay, Alaska, Heidi L. Herter May 2007

Transport Of Dungeness Crab (Cancer Magister) Megalopae Into Glacier Bay, Alaska, Heidi L. Herter

Fisheries

Areas of high Cancer magister larval recruitment and transport mechanisms were identified in the lower portion of Glacier Bay, Alaska. Megalopae were collected at three sites in 2004 and 2005 using light traps positioned within 1 m of the surface and bottom at 10 m depth. Surface traps captured 96.5 - 99.4 % of megalopae collected. Megalopae abundances were highly pulsed and decreased with increasing distance from the mouth of Glacier Bay. Spatial variation was similar between years with significant differences among all sites in 2005. Half of the total annual megalopae supply occurred over just two nights in September …

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Whence These Farmers?: El Pantano Bioarchaeology And The Advent Of Agriculture In West Mexico, Nicholas S. Corduan May 2007

Whence These Farmers?: El Pantano Bioarchaeology And The Advent Of Agriculture In West Mexico, Nicholas S. Corduan

Anthropology

This masters thesis in dental anthropology and bioarchaeology examines discrete, non-metric dental data collected from skeletal remains of a Middle Formative era Mexican population at EI Pantano. This site is situated in Jalisco, West Mexico, and represents one of the earliest archaeological examples of transitional agriculture for this area. Materials recovered from the burials suggest that the yet-undiscovered settlement whose people used the cemetery had complex interactions with diverse Mexican groups, including the OImec-linked site of Tlatilco in the Valley of Mexico, and also with groups as far away as Guatemala and the Andes mountains. Phenetic analysis of dental morphology …

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Temporal Variation And Habitat Use Of Nearshore Crab Populations In Kachemak Bay, Alaska, Benjamin Daly May 2007

Temporal Variation And Habitat Use Of Nearshore Crab Populations In Kachemak Bay, Alaska, Benjamin Daly

Marine Biology

Larval, juvenile, and adult crab distribution was surveyed in three different habitats in Kachemak Bay, Alaska from June 2005 to September 2006 to determine temporal and spatial variability. Crab distribution varied temporally and spatially in all life stages. Nine sites of varying habitat complexity were surveyed monthly using scuba, light traps, and shrimp pots to measure habitat variables, quantify larval, juvenile, and adult crabs, and survey potential crab predators. No single bay-wide variable determined the appearance of all crab larvae. Spatial differences in larval abundance probably resulted from large scale physical transport mechanisms. Overall juvenile and adult crab abundance increased …

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Structure Of Nearshore Fish Assemblages In Relation To Varying Levels Of Habitat Complexity, Joel A. Markis May 2007

Structure Of Nearshore Fish Assemblages In Relation To Varying Levels Of Habitat Complexity, Joel A. Markis

Marine Biology

Complex kelp and rocky habitats can be beneficial to fishes, however, their use of these habitats is poorly understood in northern latitudes. This study examined nearshore kelp habitats to examine the potential effects of kelp density and substrate topography on nearshore fish communities in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Fish were collected from multiple sand, understory kelp, and understory and canopy kelp sites, along with kelp and substrate complexity measurements. Standard Monitoring Units for the Recruitment of Fish (SMURFs), light traps, shrimp pots, and SCUBA visual surveys were all employed in these collections. Relative fish abundance and community composition varied temporally in …

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Observer, Central Washington University May 2007

Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for May 17, 2007

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Patterns Of Behavioral Entrainment In Mice, Kelly J. Hochstetler May 2007

Patterns Of Behavioral Entrainment In Mice, Kelly J. Hochstetler

Biological Sciences

The experiments described in this Dissertation were designed to assess the process by which the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) can be entrained by normocaloric scheduled feeding. Mouse lines that differ in some circadian rhythm characteristics and features of the SCN were used in these experiments. The initial experiment showed that the lines differ in the percentage of individuals that entrained to scheduled feeding. In mice that entrained to scheduled feeding, both wheel-running activity and the molecular clock in the SCN were synchronized to the time of food provision. The molecular clock in the SCN remained in …

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Stress Physiology In Breeding Seabirds: Coping With A Variable Food Supply, Michael T. Shultz May 2007

Stress Physiology In Breeding Seabirds: Coping With A Variable Food Supply, Michael T. Shultz

Biological Sciences

Recent life-history models predict that long-lived seabirds, breeding in variable food environments, should exhibit flexible reproductive effort. However, these models assume that food availability fluctuates unpredictably and birds are unable to match reproductive output perfectly to food abundance. However, the degree to which predictable changes in food availability versus stochastic ones influence reproductive performance of seabirds is unknown. In this study we examined the role of food abundance prior to egg-laying versus food abundance during chick rearing for determining reproductive output of two species of high latitude nesting seabird; the Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and Common Murre (Uria aalge). We …

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Oil And Wildfire Effects On Nutrient Cycling And Microbial Diversity In Subarctic Mineral Soils, Jessica I. Garron May 2007

Oil And Wildfire Effects On Nutrient Cycling And Microbial Diversity In Subarctic Mineral Soils, Jessica I. Garron

Biological Sciences

In 1976 crude oil was experimentally spilled on a plot near Fairbanks, Alaska to mimic an oil pipeline spill. The plot and surrounding area were further disturbed by wildfire in 2004. Although the fire burned organic matter on the plot surface, substantial subsurface oil remained. After the fire, soil samples from oiled/burned, burned, and control plots were collected to evaluate the effects of disturbance on nutrient cycling and soil bacterial communities. Samples were analyzed for total nitrogen (N), soil carbon (C) and N mineralization, N fixation, total bacterial diversity (16S rDNA), and functional genetic diversity (nifH). Inorganic N was low …

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Population Ecology Of Pacific Common Eiders On The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, Heather M. Wilson May 2007

Population Ecology Of Pacific Common Eiders On The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, Heather M. Wilson

Biological Sciences

Knowledge of ecological factors that influence birth, death, immigration, and emigration provide insight into natural selection and population dynamics. Populations of Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) in western Alaska declined by 50-90% from 1957 to 1992 and then stabilized at reduced numbers from the early 1990's to the present. This study investigates the primary underlying processes affecting population dynamics of Pacific common eiders, with the goals of understanding factors that may have led to the observed decline and subsequent stabilization, and providing tools from which conservation, management, and recommendations for future research can be …

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Phylogenetic And Phylogeographic Insights Into The Origin Of Madagascar's Shrews, Anna Kristine Ferry May 2007

Phylogenetic And Phylogeographic Insights Into The Origin Of Madagascar's Shrews, Anna Kristine Ferry

Biological Sciences

Madagascar is a biodiversity 'hotspot' about 400 km off the southeast coast of Africa. All the mammals on Madagascar have diversified from within one of four ancestral lineages (Goodman and Benstead, 2005). This is remarkable because Madagascar separated 100 million years before the divergence of most mammalian orders (Krause, 2003). With the arrival of humans on Madagascar several new species were introduced (Duplantier and Duchemin, 2003), including one or possibly two introduced species of shrews (family Soricidae) Suncus murinus and Suncus madagascariensis. Although once believed to be a subspecies of the Old World S. etruscus, Suncus madagascariensis is currently believed …

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Summer Ecology Of The Teshekpuk Caribou Herd, Lincoln Scott Parrett May 2007

Summer Ecology Of The Teshekpuk Caribou Herd, Lincoln Scott Parrett

Biological Sciences

The summer range of the Teshekpuk Caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) Herd is currently undergoing the initial stages of petroleum exploration and development. Pre-development baseline information is necessary to interpret post-development distribution and habitat selection of caribou and to develop mitigation measures. We estimated bi-weekly distributions, diet and habitat selection by caribou during the summers, 2002-2004, based on aerial relocations of 21-49 radio-collared females. Little or no habitat selection was detected when comparing used locations to habitat available within bi-weekly utilization distributions. Habitat selection was much stronger when comparing bi-weekly utilization distributions to the remaining area of summer use. At the …

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Species Distribution Models For Denali National Park And Preserve, Alaska, Joy L. Ritter May 2007

Species Distribution Models For Denali National Park And Preserve, Alaska, Joy L. Ritter

Biological Sciences

The objective of this study is to explore the use of existing data to model the distribution of four species in Denali National Park; caribou, moose, grizzly bear, and wolf. Radiolocation data consisting of 1331 locations collected over three years for female caribou, 1329 locations collected over three years for female moose, 6579 locations collected over ten years for grizzly bears, and 2686 locations collected over three years for wolves were obtained from park biologists. A geographic information system was used to derive landscape characteristics associated with the animal locations and random locations placed in the same area. Caribou models …

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Estimating Movement With A Spatially-Explicit Stock Assessment Model Of Eastern Bering Sea Walleye Pollock, Theragra Chalcogramma, Sara Elizabeth Miller May 2007

Estimating Movement With A Spatially-Explicit Stock Assessment Model Of Eastern Bering Sea Walleye Pollock, Theragra Chalcogramma, Sara Elizabeth Miller

Fisheries

The standard Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) stock assessment model has no spatial dimension. To advance the understanding of EBS walleye pollock movements and spatial structure on finer temporal and spatial scales, a spatially explicit migration model of EBS walleye pollock was developed. However, there are no estimates of movement rates for this population. Using standard sample size formulae in a Petersen-type experiment, we showed that only a moderate mark-recapture program [minimum number of tags for ages-1 + was 9,475 (all sectors included) and 20,924 (only catcher-vessel shoreside sector included)] is needed to estimate abundance. Given these …

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Volume 44, Number 73: May 16, 2007, University Of North Dakota May 2007

Volume 44, Number 73: May 16, 2007, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

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Interview With Ellis Dye, Dewitt Wallace Professor Of German, Ellis Dye May 2007

Interview With Ellis Dye, Dewitt Wallace Professor Of German, Ellis Dye

German and Russian Department Oral Histories

No abstract provided.

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Sequence Specific Electronic Conduction Through Polyion-Stabilized Double-Stranded Dna In Nanoscale Break Junctions, Ajit K. Mahapatro, Kyung J. Jeong, Gil U. Lee, David B. Janes May 2007

Sequence Specific Electronic Conduction Through Polyion-Stabilized Double-Stranded Dna In Nanoscale Break Junctions, Ajit K. Mahapatro, Kyung J. Jeong, Gil U. Lee, David B. Janes

Other Nanotechnology Publications

This paper presents a study of sequence specific electronic conduction through short (15-base- pair) double-stranded (ds) DNA molecules, measured by immobilizing 3'-thiol-derivatized DNAs in nanometre scale gaps between gold electrodes. The polycation spermidine was used to stabilize the ds-DNA structure, allowing electrical measurements to be performed in a dry state. For specific sequences, the conductivity was observed to scale with the surface density of immobilized DNA, which can be controlled by the buffer concentration. A series of 15-base DNA oligonucleotide pairs, in which the centre sequence of five base pairs was changed from G: C to A: T pairs, has …

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Influence Of Juvenile Hormone On Territorial And Aggressive Behavior In The Painted Lady (Vanessa Cardui) And Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio Polyxenes), Tara Bergin May 2007

Influence Of Juvenile Hormone On Territorial And Aggressive Behavior In The Painted Lady (Vanessa Cardui) And Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio Polyxenes), Tara Bergin

Honors Theses

Competition is important in environments with limited resources. Males of many insect species are territorial and will defend resources, such as a food source or egg-laying site, against intruders, or even compete to attract a mate. In insects, evidence suggests that juvenile hormone acts as an aggression mediator, much like testosterone in other animal species. In this study I tested this idea using a group of male Painted Lady butterflies, Vanessa cardui, and Eastern Black Swallowtail butterflies, Papilio polyxenes, that were treated prior to metamorphosis with either a high or low dose of methoprene acid (a juvenile hormone mimic). Male-male …

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Invited Presentation, “Perspectives From The Usa”, Patlib Conference, May 16, 2007, Seville, Spain , Virginia A. Baldwin May 2007

Invited Presentation, “Perspectives From The Usa”, Patlib Conference, May 16, 2007, Seville, Spain , Virginia A. Baldwin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Presentations

To give conference attendess of patent librarians from all over Europe an overview of patent and trademark organization characteristics in the United States. Included were details about:

1. United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Patent and Trademark Depository Library Program (PTDLP)
2. Patent and Trademark Depository Library Association (PTDLA)
3. PTDLA Goals and Objectives – responding to the USPTO “2007-2012 Strategic Plan”
4. Patent Statistics
5. University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) Office of Technology Development and “Tech Transfer”

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Agrobacterium Para/Mind-Like Virc1 Spatially Coordinates Early Conjugative Dna Transfer Reactions, Krishnamohan Atmakuri, Eric Cascales, Oliver T Burton, Lois M Banta, Peter J Christie May 2007

Agrobacterium Para/Mind-Like Virc1 Spatially Coordinates Early Conjugative Dna Transfer Reactions, Krishnamohan Atmakuri, Eric Cascales, Oliver T Burton, Lois M Banta, Peter J Christie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Agrobacterium tumefaciens translocates T-DNA through a polar VirB/D4 type IV secretion (T4S) system. VirC1, a factor required for efficient T-DNA transfer, bears a deviant Walker A and other sequence motifs characteristic of ParA and MinD ATPases. Here, we show that VirC1 promotes conjugative T-DNA transfer by stimulating generation of multiple copies per cell of the T-DNA substrate (T-complex) through pairwise interactions with the processing factors VirD2 relaxase, VirC2, and VirD1. VirC1 also associates with the polar membrane and recruits T-complexes to cell poles, the site of VirB/D4 T4S machine assembly. VirC1 Walker A mutations abrogate T-complex generation and polar recruitment, …

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Bioinformatics Tool Development And Sequence Analysis Of Rosaceae Family Expressed Sequence Tags, Margaret Staton May 2007

Bioinformatics Tool Development And Sequence Analysis Of Rosaceae Family Expressed Sequence Tags, Margaret Staton

All Dissertations

BACKGROUND: An international community of researchers has generated a significant number of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) for the Rosaceae, an economically important plant family that includes most temperate fruits such as apple, cherry, peach, and strawberry as well as other commercially valuable members. ESTs are fragments of expressed genes that can be used for gene discovery, developing markers for mapping and cultivar improvement via marker assisted selection. Efficient dissemination and integration of this data is best facilitated through a centralized and curated database with associated sequence analysis tools.

DESCRIPTION: The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR) was initiated to provide a …

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Bathymetric Alterations Due To Urbanization And Their Effects On Residual Salinity, Flow Field And Transport Time For Tampa Bay, Florida, Amanda J. Linville May 2007

Bathymetric Alterations Due To Urbanization And Their Effects On Residual Salinity, Flow Field And Transport Time For Tampa Bay, Florida, Amanda J. Linville

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Growth and development over the past one hundred years has resulted in the construction of causeways and navigational channels in Tampa Bay. Urbanization has lead to bathymetric alterations of the bay, and thus has effectively changed the residual salinity, flow fields, and transport time in Tampa Bay. In this study a numerical ocean model of Tampa Bay was first used to simulate the circulation for 2001-2003 using present day bathymetry. Then, an identical simulation was performed using the bathymetry generated from 1879 depth soundings. The residual (30-day time average) circulation fields and salinity, along with transport times was intercompared for …

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Strategic Planning For Environmental Stewardship At Eastern Kentucky University, Steven Konkel, Robert S. Weise, Alan Banks, Danita Lasage, Joseph Beck, James Street, Charles L. Elliott, Barbara Szubinska, Robert B. Frederick, Melinda S. Wilder, Robert Huston, Rebecca Jones, Alice L. Jones, Kyle Moon May 2007

Strategic Planning For Environmental Stewardship At Eastern Kentucky University, Steven Konkel, Robert S. Weise, Alan Banks, Danita Lasage, Joseph Beck, James Street, Charles L. Elliott, Barbara Szubinska, Robert B. Frederick, Melinda S. Wilder, Robert Huston, Rebecca Jones, Alice L. Jones, Kyle Moon

Environmental Health Science Faculty and Staff Research

The 2006-2010 Strategic Plan for Eastern Kentucky University, under Strategic Direction 5.4, mandates the formulation of a plan to guide the University toward greater environmental stewardship. The creation and implementation of that plan is the charge of the Eastern Committee on Responsible Environmental Stewardship (ECRES), which was formed in September of 2005. On October 27th, 2006, ECRES hosted a Strategic Planning Workshop. This workshop brought together a wide range of participants, including elected officials, college and university representatives, and interested citizens. The result was a broad consensus in the identification of environmental goals and objectives toward which EKU should strive.

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Spring 2007, Cie Newsletter And Faculty Travel Insert, Center For International Education May 2007

Spring 2007, Cie Newsletter And Faculty Travel Insert, Center For International Education

UNH International Educator Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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Comparative Immune Function In Wild Birds, Kevin David Matson May 2007

Comparative Immune Function In Wild Birds, Kevin David Matson

Dissertations

Over the last several decades, interest in quantifying immune function in comparative studies of wild animals has grown appreciably. Now, the field of ecological immunology is undergoing a transition, and ¿second generation¿ studies are being designed and carried out. With a greater appreciation of the complexity of immune systems, these second generation studies are commonly distinguished from their antecedents by making comparisons using multiple assays and including multiple species. I worked to advance this transition by developing novel approaches to comparative immunology, exploring the interrelationships among indices of immune function, and applying multiple indices to a question of comparative avian …

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Human Frataxin: Iron And Ferrochelatase Binding Surface, Krisztina Z. Bencze, Taejin Yoon, CéSar MilláN-Pacheco, Patrick B. Bradley, Nina Pastor, J. A. Cowan, Timothy L. Stemmler May 2007

Human Frataxin: Iron And Ferrochelatase Binding Surface, Krisztina Z. Bencze, Taejin Yoon, CéSar MilláN-Pacheco, Patrick B. Bradley, Nina Pastor, J. A. Cowan, Timothy L. Stemmler

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

The coordinated iron structure and ferrochelatase binding surface of human frataxin have been characterized to provide insight into the protein’s ability to serve as the iron chaperone during heme biosynthesis.

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The Intersection Of Gender And Early American Historic Preservation: A Case Study Of Ann Pamela Cunningham And Her Mount Vernon Preservation Effort, Jill Teehan May 2007

The Intersection Of Gender And Early American Historic Preservation: A Case Study Of Ann Pamela Cunningham And Her Mount Vernon Preservation Effort, Jill Teehan

Georgetown Law Historic Preservation Papers Series

American historic preservationists universally credit Ann Pamela Cunningham, the woman who saved George Washington's Mount Vernon home, as the chief architect of the historic preservation movement in the United States. However, little scholarship has considered how Cunningham's social position as a woman significantly contributed to her ability to save Mount Vernon, and thus jumpstart a national movement to save historically significant places. Using Cunningham and the organization she formed, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union (MVLA), widely regarded as the nation's first historic preservation society, this paper considers the intersection of gender and early historic preservation in the …

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