Digital Commons Network^™

Detecting Shifts In Soil Microbial Community Structure And Function Post Landspread Of Manure Or Biosolids Containing Antimicrobial Chemicals, Kelly Lehnert, Sharon A. Clay, Susan Gibson, Volker Brozel

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Soil microbial diversity and community interaction play an indispensable role in 2,4-dichorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide degradation. The addition of manure or municipal waste biosolids through landspreading may alter soil community structure and function if these materials contain antimicrobial chemicals like chlortetracycline (CTC), administered in livestock feed to promote animal growth and health or tetracycline (TET) utilized in human health. In this study, soil applied with manure collected from pigs fed standard CTC levels was compared to soil containing manure from control pigs fed no CTC, and a comparison of soil applied with biosolids containing TET or without TET to distinguish …

Using Instream Flows On The Gila River To Provide Benefits For The Environment And The Economy, Emily Geery

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

Professionals within the fields of water resources and community and regional planning have engaged in dialogue about how to balance water consumption with development patterns in the western United States. Central to this discussion is a debate about future water management of the Gila River. There is a wide spectrum of opinions regarding the value of leaving water in the river for environmental reasons versus diverting it from the river for increased commercial development. The 2004 Arizona Water Settlements Act (AWSA) provides the state of New Mexico with 140,000 acre-feet in any ten-year period of water rights on the Gila …

Impacts Of Large-Scale Oscillations On Pan-Arctic Terrestrial Net Primary Production, Ke Zhang, John S. Kimball, K. C. Mcdonald, John Cassano, Steven W. Running

Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group Publications

Analyses of regional climate oscillations and satellite remote sensing derived net primary production (NPP) and growing season dynamics for the pan-Arctic region indicate that the oscillations influence NPP by regulating seasonal patterns of low temperature and moisture constraints to photosynthesis. Early-spring (Feb–Apr) patterns of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) are proportional to growing season onset (r = −0.653; P = 0.001), while growing season patterns of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are proportional to plant-available moisture constraints to NPP (I_m) (r = −0.471; P = 0.023). Relatively strong, negative PDO phases from 1988–1991 and 1998–2002 coincided …

In Re N.L.B. V. Lentz: The Missouri Supreme Court's Unwarranted Extension Of A Putative Father's Constitutional Protections, Lauren Standlee

Missouri Law Review

In Lentz, the Missouri Supreme Court granted an unwed father leave to intervene in an adoption, despite the fact that he had failed to bring himself into the realm of constitutionally protected putative fathers. This note explains why the holding of the Lentz court subverted the intent of Missouri's adoption statutes and its putative father registry, and argues that an unwed biological father who has not filed a valid paternity action, registered with the putative father registry, or demonstrated a substantial commitment to the responsibilities of parenthood should not be entitled to the additional constitutional protections available to diligent putative …

University Reporter - Volume 12, Number 03 - November 2007

1996-2009, University Reporter

This issue of the University Reporter includes articles about the University's master planning process, an anti-homelessness project run by a senior research associate at the McCormack Graduate School of Policy Studies (John McGah), the establishment of a Creative Writing MFA program at the University, the opening of the Spencer House in Roxbury’s Egleston Square (names for UMass Lecturer Marian Spencer, and other news from UMass Boston.

It Never Ends... Technical Services And Planning In A Changing Environment, Hope Barton, Michael Wright, Rany Roeder

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

The European Union: Measuring Counterterrorism Cooperation, David T. Armitage Jr.

Strategic Forums

The United States and European Union (EU) are natural partners in the global war on terror, but cooperation, although absolutely necessary, is inherently difficult. Primary responsibility for most European counterterrorism policies remains with the separate governments of the 27 EU countries, which has presented coordination problems both within the EU and between the United States and European Union. Asymmetries in capacities and perceived vulnerabilities affect how different member states address counterterrorism. Institutional dynamics—not only among the various EU institutions but also between the EU and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)—influence the degree of cooperation as well.

Augmented Hypothalamic Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Mrna And Corticosterone Responses To Stress In Adult Rats Exposed To Perinatal Hypoxia, Hershel Raff, Lauren Jacobson, William E. Cullinan

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Stressful events before or just after parturition alter the subsequent phenotypical response to stress in a general process termed programming. Hypoxia during the period before and during parturition, and in the postnatal period, is one of the most common causes of perinatal distress, morbidity, and mortality. We have found that perinatal hypoxia (prenatal day 19 to postnatal day 14) augmented the corticosterone response to stress and increased basal corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels in the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in 6-month-old rats. There was no effect on the levels of hypothalamic parvocellular PVN vasopressin mRNA, anterior pituitary …

Turing Instabilities In A S-I-R Model, Hye Yon Yi

Theses

With the increasing threat of biological warfare and the fear of an epidemic outbreak of influenza, smallpox, and other deadly diseases, the field of epidemic modeling is becoming increasingly important in the scientific fields. The focus of this thesis will be to create a model to study the effects of the rates of reaction and the rates of diffusion within a network based on the different parameters used in the modeling of any disease. For this model, the exact parameters of a specific disease are not as crucial as the qualitative behaviors that occur from the changing parameters. The model …

Is A 3-Mm Intrafractional Margin Sufficient For Daily Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Of Prostate Cancer?, Adam D Melancon, Jennifer C O'Daniel, Lifei Zhang, Rajat J Kudchadker, Deborah A Kuban, Andrew K Lee, Rex M Cheung, Renaud De Crevoisier, Susan L Tucker, Wayne D Newhauser, Radhe Mohan, Lei Dong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: To determine whether a 3-mm isotropic target margin adequately covers the prostate and seminal vesicles (SVs) during administration of an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment fraction, assuming that daily image-guided setup is performed just before each fraction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In-room computed tomographic (CT) scans were acquired immediately before and after a daily treatment fraction in 46 patients with prostate cancer. An eight-field IMRT plan was designed using the pre-fraction CT with a 3-mm margin and subsequently recalculated on the post-fraction CT. For convenience of comparison, dose plans were scaled to full course of treatment (75.6 Gy). Dose coverage …

People Profile: Michael Wright, Editor

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

Full Page Ads, Editor

Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

Inference On Overlapping Coefficients In Two Exponential Populations, Mohammad F. Al-Saleh, Hani M. Samawi

Biostatistics: Faculty Publications

Three measures of overlap, namely Matusita’s measureρ , Morisita’s measure λ and Weitzman’s measure Δ are investigated in this article for two exponential populations with different means. It is well that the estimators of those measures of overlap are biased. The bias is of these estimators depends on the unknown overlap parameters. There are no closed-form, exact formulas, for those estimators variances or their exact sampling distributions. Monte Carlo evaluations are used to study the bias and precision of the proposed overlap measures. Bootstrap method and Taylor series approximation are used to construct confidence intervals for the overlap measures.

Biofuel Feedstocks: The Risk Of Future Invasions, Joseph M. Ditomaso, Jacob N. Barney, Alison M. Fox

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In an effort to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, expand domestic energy production, and maintain economic growth, public and private investments are being used to pursue dedicated feedstock crops for biofuel production. Unlike food crops grown for grain-based ethanol (e.g., corn), which require high inputs of fertilizers and pesticides and typically are grown on prime agricultural land, proposed lignocellulose-based energy crops (e.g., switchgrass) typically have a neutral or negative carbon budget, require relatively few economic or environmental inputs, and can be cultivated on marginal, lower-productivity land. Thus, a rapidly growing industry related to crop selection, cultivar improvement, and conversion technologies is …

The Activity Of Azithromycin Against Leishmania (Viannia) Braziliensis And Leishmania (Leishmania) Amazonensis In The Golden Hamster Model., Angel Sinagra, Concepción Luna, David Abraham, Maria Del Carmen Iannella, Adelina Riarte, Alejandro J. Krolewiecki

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

New therapeutic alternatives against leishmaniasis remain a priority. The activity of azithromycin against Leishmania (Leishmania) major has been previously demonstrated. Different responses among species of Leishmania make species-specific drug screening necessary. The activity of azithromycin against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis was evaluated in golden hamsters infected through footpad injections of metacyclic promastigotes, and compared with untreated controls and animals treated with meglumine antimoniate. Footpad thickness, lesion cultures and dissemination sites were analyzed. Treatment of golden hamsters with oral azithromycin at 450mg/kg had no activity against infections with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. For infections due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, …

Inter-Ethnic Marriages, The Survival Of Women, And The Logics Of Genocide In Rwanda, Anuradha Chakravarty

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This article focuses on the gendered dimensions of the genocide in Rwanda. It seeks to explain why Tutsi women married to Hutu men appeared to have better chances of survival than Tutsi women married to Tutsi men or even Hutu women married to Tutsi men. Based on data from a field site in southwest Rwanda, the findings and insights offered here draw on the gendered, racial, and operational dynamics of the genocide as it unfolded between April and July 1994.

The Colby Echo (2007-11-01), Colby College

The Colby Echo

Published by the students of Colby College since 1877, The Colby Echo is the weekly, editorially independent student-run newspaper of Colby College in Waterville, Maine. Published monthly, 1877-1886; semi-monthly, 1886-1897; and weekly, during the academic year, 1898-present.

Regional Threats And Security Strategy: The Troubling Case Of Today's Middle East, James A. Russell Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The United States needs to undertake a strategic regional net assessment that examines the following issues as it seeks to construct a regional security strategy to protect its interests and mitigate wider threats to international security. That net assessment should include reviewing the role of security guarantees in promoting regional stability, an acknowledgement of the contradictory nature of the inter- and intra state threats and tensions, and the negative impact that the U.S. obsession with force protection is having on its ability to effectively implement strategy on the ground.

Race: A Robust Adaptive Caching Strategy For Buffer Cache, Yifeng Zhu, Hong Jiang

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

While many block replacement algorithms for buffer caches have been proposed to address the well-known drawbacks of the LRU algorithm, they are not robust and cannot maintain an consistent performance improvement over all workloads. This paper proposes a novel and simple replacement scheme, called RACE (Robust Adaptive buffer Cache management schemE), which differentiates the locality of I/O streams by actively detecting access patterns inherently exhibited in two correlated spaces: the discrete block space of program contexts from which I/O requests are issued and the continuous block space within files to which I/O requests are addressed. This scheme combines global I/O …

Transfected Cell Arrays For The High-Throughput Analysis Of Transcription Factor Activity, Abigail D. Bellis, Angela K. Pannier, Lonnie D Shea

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Transfected cell arrays offer a high-throughput method that allows for the parallel analysis of multiple pathways or genes within a physiological context. We have developed a transfected cell array that employs a dual-plasmid system that gives the ability to normalize for spot-to-spot variation in transfection efficiency. Each spot within the array contains a constitutively active normalization plasmid encoding for renilla luciferase as well as a functional plasmid that contains transcription factor specific binding elements driving the expression of firefly luciferase. Dual bioluminescent imaging provides highly sensitive analysis while limiting post-transfectional processing. Adequate transfection poses a significant challenge in extending this …

Lipidomic Analysis Of Glioblastoma Multiforme Using Mass Spectrometry, Soo Jung Ha, Gordon Showalter, Shanbao Cai, Haiyan Wang, Wei Michael Liu, Aaron Cohen-Gadol, Jann N. Sarkaria, Jenna Rickus, John Springer, Jiri Adamec, Karen E. Pollok, Kari L. Clase

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of primary brain tumors. It is highly invasive and current treatment options have not improved the survival rate over the past twenty years. Novel approaches and technologies from systems biology have the potential to identify biomarkers that could serve as new therapeutic targets for GBM. This study employed lipid profiling technology to investigate lipid biomarkers in ectopic and orthotopic human GBM xenograft models. Primary patient cell lines, GBM10 and GBM43, were injected into the flank and the right cerebral hemisphere of NOD/SCID mice. Tumors were harvested from the brain and …

Identifying Mechanistic Models Of Spatial Behavior Using Pattern-Based Modeling: An Example From Lizard Home Ranges, Andrew J. Tyre, Gregory D. Kerr, Brigitte Tenhumberg, C. Michael Bull

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Landscape and population level patterns form through the aggregation of responses of individual organisms to heterogeneity. Spatial organization within a population can range from random overlap of individual home ranges, to completely exclusive territories, with most populations falling somewhere between these two extremes. A fundamental question in behavioral ecology concerns the factors that influence the degree of spatial overlap of home ranges, and the processes that determine how likely it is that an individual will access resources over its home range. However, traditional experimental methods are not always practical or possible. Pattern-based modeling is an alternative, non-intrusive technique for explaining …

Harmonic Holography: A New Holographic Principle, Ye Pu, Martin Centurion, Demetri Psaltis

Martin Centurion Publications

The process of second harmonic generation (SHG) has a unique property of forming a sharp optical contrast between noncentrosymmetric crystalline materials and other types of material, which is a highly valuable asset for contrast microscopy. The coherent signal obtained through SHG also allows for the recording of holograms at high spatial and temporal resolution, enabling whole-field four-dimensional microscopy for highly dynamic microsystems and nanosystems. Here we describe a new holographic principle, harmonic holography (H²), which records holograms between independently generated second harmonic signals and reference. We experimentally demonstrate this technique with digital holographic recording of second harmonic signals …

Quaternary Glaciation And Hydrologic Variation In The South American Tropics As Reconstructed From The Lake Titicaca Drilling Project, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Paul A. Baker, Geoffrey O. Seltzer, Ashley Ballantyne, Pedro Tapia, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

A 136-m-long drill core of sediments was recovered from tropical high-altitude Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, enabling a reconstruction of past climate that spans four cycles of regional glacial advance and retreat and that is estimated to extend continuously over the last 370,000 yr. Within the errors of the age model, the periods of regional glacial advance and retreat are concordant respectively with global glacial and interglacial stages. Periods of ice advance in the southern tropical Andes generally were periods of positive water balance, as evidenced by deeper and fresher conditions in Lake Titicaca. Conversely, reduced glaciation occurred during periods of negative …

Progress In Immunotherapy Rituximab, Manal M. El-Habbash, Abukris M. Alwindi

Saudi Medical Journal

Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody that has shown substantial activity. Since its discovery, rituximab has been used with great success in a variety of hematological malignancies. Its success in the management of aggressive lymphomas led to expansion of its use in other conditions such as stem cell transplantation, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and other non-malignant conditions where B cell activation is thought to be important, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and rheumatoid arthritis. The side effects have been remarkably few, particularly, infection is not more common than with chemotherapy alone. This article reviews the structure, mechanism of action, and …

Association Of Breast Cancer And Cytokine Gene Polymorphism In Turkish Women, Guzin Gonullu, Bilkay Basturk, Turkkan Evrensel, Barboros Oral, Ayse Gozkaman, Osman Manavoglu

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of cytokine gene polymorphism with the development of breast cancer. METHODS: The study was carried out in Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey. The study included 38 patients with breast cancer admitted to the Medical Oncology outpatient clinic, and 24 healthy controls, age and sex matched, from the Internal Medicine Department between 2004 and 2005. All genotyping of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and interferon-y (IFN-y) experiments were performed using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers. RESULTS: The frequencies of IL-6-174GC genotype and IL-10 (-1082, -819, -592) GCC/ATA haplotype were …

A Strategy To Protect And Sensitize Near-Infrared Luminescent Nd3+ And Yb3+: Organic Tropolonate Ligands For The Sensitization Of Ln3+-Doped Nayf4 Nanocrystals, Jian Zhang, Chad M. Shade, Demetra A. Chengelis, Stéphane Petoud

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

A strategy to sensitize and protect near-infrared (NIR) emitting Nd³⁺ and Yb³⁺ is presented. Combining protection provided by the inorganic matrix of NaYF₄ nanocrystals and sensitization from tropolonate ligands capped on their surface, the lanthanide cation centered luminescence was observed through the ligand excitation. The extended lanthanide luminescence lifetimes indicate the success of this strategy.

Rats Dying For Mice: Modeling The Competitor Release Effect, Stephane Caut, Jorge G. Casanovas, Emilio Virgos, Jorge Lozano, Gary W. Witmer, Franck Courchamp

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Introduced vertebrate predators are one of the most important threats to endemic species throughout a range of ecosystems, in particular on islands in biodiversity hot spots. Consequently, the reduction of predator numbers is considered a key conservation action in the management of many native vertebrates vulnerable to predators. It is now established that control attempts may affect non-target species through trophic interactions, but little is known concerning their consequences on competitive relationships. We study a mathematical model mimicking the effects of controlling introduced species in the presence of their competitors. We used two competing rodents to illustrate our study: black …

Demersal Fishes Associated With Lophelia Pertusa Coral And Hard-Substrate Biotopes On The Continental Slope, Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Kenneth J. Sulak, R. Allen Brooks, Kirsten E. Luke, April D. Norem, Michael Randall, Andrew J. Quaid, George E. Yeargin, Jana M. Miller, William M. Harden, John H. Caruso, Steve W. Ross

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The demersal fish fauna of Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) coral reefs and associated hard-bottom biotopes was investigated at two depth horizons in the northern Gulf of Mexico using a manned submersible and remote sampling. The Viosca Knoll fauna consisted of at least 53 demersal fish species, 37 of which were documented by submersible video. On the 325 m horizon, dominant taxa determined from frame-by-frame video analysis included Stromateidae, Serranidae, Trachichthyidae, Congridae, Scorpaenidae, and Gadiformes. On the 500 m horizon, large mobile visual macrocarnivores of families Stromateidae and Serranidae dropped out, while a zeiform microcarnivore assumed importance on reef “Thicket” biotope, …

Convergence Of Agriculture And Energy: Ii. Producing Cellulosic Biomass For Biofuels, Steven L. Fales, J. Richard Hess, Wallace Wilhelm, Don Erbach, William D. Provine, Kenneth P. Vogel, Todd A. Peterson, Edward C. A. Runge

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Global energy demand is increasing as known global petroleum supplies are decreas¬ing. Calls to supplement or replace the current fossil-based energy system with new, envi¬ronmentally and economically sustainable strategies continue to increase, especially in light of more expensive traditional energy sources. Various governmental agencies and working groups have set aggressive targets and timelines for decreasing fossil fuel consumption by substituting bio-based energy (Bush 2007; Foust et al. 2007; Perlack et al. 2005; Smith et al. 2004). The alignment and continuity of these goals is illustrated in Figure 1.
Current biofuel production in the United States relies primarily on corn grain …