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2007

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Temperament, Sensation-Seeking, Sleep Patterns, And Alcohol Use During A Competitive Athletic Season: Predicting Injuries In College Athletes, Zachary H. Osborn Jan 2007

Temperament, Sensation-Seeking, Sleep Patterns, And Alcohol Use During A Competitive Athletic Season: Predicting Injuries In College Athletes, Zachary H. Osborn

All ETDs from UAB

Temperament, sensation-seeking, general personality variables, sleep patterns, and alcohol use have all been shown to be related to injuries in both community-based and athlete samples. However, these variables have not been studied in concert with one another to examine how they might interact to predict injuries. One-hundred and seventy-eight athletes (both football and soccer) completed pre-season alcohol use and sleep pattern questionnaires, as well as personality measures. The results indicated that playing football predicted more total injuries. No other personality, sleep, or alcohol use variables were predictive of injuries or injury related variables. Analyses also indicated that football players suffered …

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Regulation Of Vertebrate Gastrulation By Erbb Signaling, Shuyi Nie Jan 2007

Regulation Of Vertebrate Gastrulation By Erbb Signaling, Shuyi Nie

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ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases have long been implicated in cancer formation and progression by regulating cell division, migration, and survival. ErbBs are also essential in multiple processes during invertebrate development; however, their activities during vertebrate embryogenesis are not well understood. For functional characterization of ErbB signaling during vertebrate development, frog model Xenopus laevis was used in our studies. The expression pattern and the general activities of ErbB receptors during early frog development were first analyzed and results shown that ErbBs regulate gastrulation, somite organization and head patterning. As gastrulation is the first major morphogenetic event in vertebrate development, I focused …

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Surveying The Chromosomal Supercoiling Levels In Rapidly Growing Wild Type And Gyrase Mutant Strains Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium With Γδ Resolvase-Mediated Recombination Assay, Zhenhua Pang Jan 2007

Surveying The Chromosomal Supercoiling Levels In Rapidly Growing Wild Type And Gyrase Mutant Strains Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium With Γδ Resolvase-Mediated Recombination Assay, Zhenhua Pang

All ETDs from UAB

A gyrase mutant strain (gyrB652) has severe growth defect at 42°C. The survival at high temperature is dependent on DNA repair proteins. The purified mutant gyrase was assayed for supercoiling acitivity and quinolone-induced DNA cleavage activity. The results suggested that the mutant enzyme is not temperature-sensitive, but has slower kinetics than the wild type gyrase. The DNA supercoiling levels at multiple chromosomal loci in exponential phase cells were monitored with γδ resolvase-mediated recombination assay. The wild type cells showed homogenous supercoiling levels throughout most of the chromosome. But the superhelicity at dif locus was significantly lower than the other loci. …

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Insulin Dynamics In African Americans And European Americans: Mechanistic Aspects, And Association With Inflammation, Radhika P. Phadke Jan 2007

Insulin Dynamics In African Americans And European Americans: Mechanistic Aspects, And Association With Inflammation, Radhika P. Phadke

All ETDs from UAB

Identification and characterization of ethnic differences in insulin dynamics, insulin sensitivity (SI), and inflammation may shed light on the greater risk for type 2 diabetes in African Americans (AA), relative to European Americans (EA). Ideally, such studies should take into account the potential confounding roles of adiposity, fat distribution, genetic background, and socioeconomic status (SES). The objectives of this study were, 1) to evaluate ethnic differences in insulin dynamics in AA and EA children and adults using robust measures of insulin secretion and clearance; 2) to identify the contributions of genetic admixture and SES to insulin dynamics; 3) to examine …

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Genetic And Epigenetic Modulation Of Telomerase Activity In Development And Disease, Sharla Marion Ostein Phipps Jan 2007

Genetic And Epigenetic Modulation Of Telomerase Activity In Development And Disease, Sharla Marion Ostein Phipps

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The end replication problem of linear chromosomes leads to the erosion of telomeric DNA with each cell division. A mechanism to counteract telomeric attrition involves the activity of the specialized ribonucleoprotein telomerase. Expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT, is tightly regulated and this regulation is achieved through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Activators such as c- MYC and SP1 and repressors such as MAD1, Menin, and p53 mediate hTERT transcription. Epigenetic control mediated by DNA methylation and histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation can reversibly and potently regulate telomerase activity. Not only is there synergism between the …

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Trafficking Of Hantaviral Nucleocapsid Proteins, Harish N. Ramanathan Jan 2007

Trafficking Of Hantaviral Nucleocapsid Proteins, Harish N. Ramanathan

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Hantaviruses are enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses belonging to genus Hantavirus, within the family Bunyaviridae. Hantaviruses include many serious human pathogens and are classified as Old and New World based on the geographic distribution of rodent reservoirs and their ability to in induce distinct illnesses in humans. Currently there are no reservoirs known for hantaviruses other than the rodents. Human transmission of hantaviruses occurs via inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta leading to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantavirus genome consists of small (S), medium (M) and large (L) segments that encode nucleocapsid (N) protein, two …

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The Role Of Complement In Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis, Russell W. Read Jan 2007

The Role Of Complement In Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis, Russell W. Read

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The complement system has been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease. Complement expression in the normal human eye had not been previously completely defined. We performed immunohistochemical studies for membrane complement proteins in normal human retina to provide a baseline for future studies. We found expression of the anaphylatoxin receptors, CD55, and CD59 in the inner retina and CD46 in a polarized fashion on the retinal pigment epithelium. Previous studies in uveitis have shown activated fragments of complement in human eyes with uveitis and animal models have shown an effect on disease by complement depletion with cobra venom …

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Pathogenesis And Therapeutic Potential Of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells In Siv/Shiv-Infected Macaques, R Keith Reeves Jan 2007

Pathogenesis And Therapeutic Potential Of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells In Siv/Shiv-Infected Macaques, R Keith Reeves

All ETDs from UAB

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are among the first responders during acute viral infections and are the primary producers of IFN-α, a cytokine known to inhibit viral replication and to activate natural killer (NK) cells. In HIV patients pDCs are decreased in number, are dysfunctional, and can harbor HIV-1 proviruses. However, since the time of transmission is usually unknown, pDC-virus interactions immediately after exposure to HIV remain unclear. Using the SIV/SHIV-macaque model, we showed that an acute and sustained loss of blood pDCs occurred during SIVmac239 infections, and when compared to those from naïve controls, pDCs were also significantly reduced in …

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Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Administrative Innovations, Tom J. Sanders Jan 2007

Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Administrative Innovations, Tom J. Sanders

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The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the influence of selected environmental and organizational factors on the adoption of administrative innovations in order to better understand strategic adaptation by organizations. General systems theory, various organizational theories, strategic adaptation and management theories, and adoption and diffusion of innovation literature were used to develop a theoretical framework to address four primary and sixteen secondary hypotheses. The administrative innovation used for this study was the magnet hospital concept for enhancing attraction and retention of registered nurses in order to address a persistent workforce shortage in U.S. hospitals. Secondary data related to U.S. …

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Processing, Characterizati On And Modeling Of Carbon Nanofiber Modified Carbo N/Carbon Composites, Francis J. Samalot Rivera Jan 2007

Processing, Characterizati On And Modeling Of Carbon Nanofiber Modified Carbo N/Carbon Composites, Francis J. Samalot Rivera

All ETDs from UAB

Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites are used in high temperature applications because they exhibit excellent thermomechanical properties. There are several challenges associated with the processing of C/C composites that include long cycle times, formation of closed porosity within fabric woven architecture and carbonization induced cracks that can lead to reduction of mechanical properties. This work addresses various innovative approaches to reduce processing uncertainties and thereby improve thermomechanical properties of C/C by using vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) in conjunction with carbon fabric and precursor phenolic matrix. The different aspects of the proposed research contribute to understanding of the translation of VGCNFs properties …

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The Characterization Of The Subcellular Localization Of Bile Acid Coa: N-Acyltransferase, Nathan Allen Styles Jan 2007

The Characterization Of The Subcellular Localization Of Bile Acid Coa: N-Acyltransferase, Nathan Allen Styles

All ETDs from UAB

The liver plays a central role in metabolism. It controls protein metabolism through deamination and transamination of amino acids, removal of ammonia through urea synthesis, synthesis of non-essential amino acids and synthesis of the majority of plasma proteins such as albumin. The liver regulates blood glucose levels through glyconeogenesis and glyconeolysis of glycogen, as well as gluconeogenesis from amino acids. It regulates fat metabolism through oxidation of triglycerides and fatty acids, as well as synthesis of cholesterol, lipoproteins, and phospholipids. Furthermore, the liver is the only site of formation of bile acids and their conjugates, physiologically important compounds that solubilize …

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Bacillus Anthracis Spore-Host Interactions, Melissa K. Swiecki Jan 2007

Bacillus Anthracis Spore-Host Interactions, Melissa K. Swiecki

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The use of Bacillus anthracis as a bioweapon depends on the dispersal of its spores into the environment, entrance into the body, spore uptake by human host cells, germination of the spores in the host and the pathological consequences of the virulence factors produced by the vegetative cells. Prior to 2001, very little was known about the mechanisms of spore entry into the host, including targeting cell types at airway, digestive and skin surfaces, potential spore receptors on these cells and spore encounters with cellular and humoral elements of the innate and adaptive immune systems. To this end, we have …

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Relaxation Rate-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification Of Myocardial Infarction, Pal Suranyi Jan 2007

Relaxation Rate-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification Of Myocardial Infarction, Pal Suranyi

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Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in western societies. Treatment needs to be tailored for each individual, which requires accurate assessment of the underlying pathology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a relatively young modality in the field of cardiovascular imaging, and boasts with the lack of harmful radiation, excellent soft tissue contrast, and high spatial-temporal resolution. The very foundation of the concept of MRI was the finding that pathology causes changes in the relaxation rates of tissues. Measurement of relaxation rates is more time consuming than generating simple signal intensity images weighted by the longitudinal or transverse …

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A Study Of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Somatic Symptoms, And Spirituality In Practitioners Of The Martial Art Aikido, Howell E. Tapley Jan 2007

A Study Of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Somatic Symptoms, And Spirituality In Practitioners Of The Martial Art Aikido, Howell E. Tapley

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The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between physical, mental and spiritual health. An additional purpose was to determine if the practice of aikido was associated with measurable levels of somatic symptoms, perceived stress, anxiety and spirituality. Measurement instruments included Cohen’s 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spielberger’s 20-item Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the 16-item Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES). A cross-sectional research design was utilized in this study to test the following hypotheses: 1) After controlling for demographic variables, daily spiritual experience will explain variability in perceived stress, anxiety and somatic symptoms, …

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The Study Of Gfap Transcription., Youngjin Lee Jan 2007

The Study Of Gfap Transcription., Youngjin Lee

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No abstract provided.

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The Relationship Of Risk For Unintentional Injury And Externalizing Behavior In Childhood., Elizabeth B. Bowling Jan 2007

The Relationship Of Risk For Unintentional Injury And Externalizing Behavior In Childhood., Elizabeth B. Bowling

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No abstract provided.

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Proteolysis And The Growth Hormone Receptor: Identification And Characterization Of Ghr As A Γ-Secretase Substrate, Jon Walter Cowan Jan 2007

Proteolysis And The Growth Hormone Receptor: Identification And Characterization Of Ghr As A Γ-Secretase Substrate, Jon Walter Cowan

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No abstract provided.

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An Evaluation Of Neighborhood Context And Health Lifestyles: Implications For Obesity Outcomes Among Children, Akilah Dulin Jan 2007

An Evaluation Of Neighborhood Context And Health Lifestyles: Implications For Obesity Outcomes Among Children, Akilah Dulin

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No abstract provided.

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Acute Effects Of Ambient Ozone On Daily Hospital Admissions And Daily Mortality For Respiratory And Cardiovascular Diseases Among Residents Of Bangkok, Thailand, Kannika Ruangdej Jan 2007

Acute Effects Of Ambient Ozone On Daily Hospital Admissions And Daily Mortality For Respiratory And Cardiovascular Diseases Among Residents Of Bangkok, Thailand, Kannika Ruangdej

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No abstract provided.

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Prepubertal Bisphenol A Exposure In The Rat Mammary Gland: Mechanism Of Action For Carcinogenesis, Nandini Raghuraman Jan 2007

Prepubertal Bisphenol A Exposure In The Rat Mammary Gland: Mechanism Of Action For Carcinogenesis, Nandini Raghuraman

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No abstract provided.

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Maternal Characteristics Associated With Language Outcomes Of Children Born At Less Than 32 Weeks Gestational Age, Richard V. Rector Jan 2007

Maternal Characteristics Associated With Language Outcomes Of Children Born At Less Than 32 Weeks Gestational Age, Richard V. Rector

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No abstract provided.

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Dysregulated Enac And Nhe Function In Cilium-Deficient Renal Collecting Duct Cell Monolayers, A Model Of Polycystic Kidney Disease, Dragos S. Olteanu Jan 2007

Dysregulated Enac And Nhe Function In Cilium-Deficient Renal Collecting Duct Cell Monolayers, A Model Of Polycystic Kidney Disease, Dragos S. Olteanu

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No abstract provided.

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Sturctural And Functional Analysis Of Klf4, Ashka Y. Pandya Jan 2007

Sturctural And Functional Analysis Of Klf4, Ashka Y. Pandya

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No abstract provided.

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Sunscreen Fluorescence In Skin, Skin Cells, And Dielectric Nanospheres: A New Method To Evaluate Sunscreen In A Novel Model System For Skin, Rajagopal Krishnan Jan 2007

Sunscreen Fluorescence In Skin, Skin Cells, And Dielectric Nanospheres: A New Method To Evaluate Sunscreen In A Novel Model System For Skin, Rajagopal Krishnan

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No abstract provided.

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Role Of Trip6 In Lpa-Induced Cell Migration, Yun-Ju Lai Jan 2007

Role Of Trip6 In Lpa-Induced Cell Migration, Yun-Ju Lai

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No abstract provided.

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Influence Of Cyp2c9 And Vkorc1 Genotypes On Warfarin Response In African-American And European American Patients, Nita A. Limdi Jan 2007

Influence Of Cyp2c9 And Vkorc1 Genotypes On Warfarin Response In African-American And European American Patients, Nita A. Limdi

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No abstract provided.

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Role Of Hypoxia In Epithelial Gene Regulation, Jennifer S. Guimbellot Jan 2007

Role Of Hypoxia In Epithelial Gene Regulation, Jennifer S. Guimbellot

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No abstract provided.

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Mechanisms Of P53-Mediated Apoptosis, Kelly Lynn Harms Jan 2007

Mechanisms Of P53-Mediated Apoptosis, Kelly Lynn Harms

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No abstract provided.

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Nitrite Conversion To Nitric Oxide: Biological Mechanisms And Therapeutic Implications, T Scott Isbell Jan 2007

Nitrite Conversion To Nitric Oxide: Biological Mechanisms And Therapeutic Implications, T Scott Isbell

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No abstract provided.

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance: Validation Of The Echomri 3-In-1 Composition Analyzer, Angela S. Jones Jan 2007

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance: Validation Of The Echomri 3-In-1 Composition Analyzer, Angela S. Jones

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No abstract provided.

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