Digital Commons Network^™

A Home Of Its Own: The Role Of Poverty Law In Furthering Law Schools' Mission, Marie A. Fallinger

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This essay argues that poverty law can and should be a part of the law school curriculum. If the law school believes it mission to be creating "1) lawyers as public citizens and leaders; 2) lawyers as skilled technicians of the law; 3) lawyers as skilled counselors; 4) lawyers as advocates on behalf of a cause in legal institutions; and 5) lawyers as transformational partners with the poor" then poverty law instruction is vital.

Race And Wealth Disparity: The Role Of Law And The Legal System, Beverly Moran, Stephanie M. Wildman

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Article attempts to demonstrate that legal and racial disparities are taken into account in legal decisions and throughout the legal system, despite people's belief and hope that the law is color and wealth blind. Furthermore, this Article demonstrates that race has always affected U.S. law and the legal system. Finally, prominent examples of race-and-class-neutral law are not neutral at all, but include some inherent biases.

Musical Chairs And Tall Buildings: Teaching Poverty Law In The 21st Century, Amy L. Wax

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Essay examines the evolution, demise and focus of welfare law courses in law school. It examines the content of these courses in an attempt to understand why these courses are not as popular as they once had been. Finally, it looks at the goals of welfare policy and what welfare law courses should teach.

The Bison: 2007, Howard University

Howard University Yearbooks

This digital object was funded in part through a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The digitalization of this object was part of a collaborative effort with the Washington Research Library Consortium and George Washington University.

Domain Specific Identity Commitment And Alcohol Use And Problems, Alison Glanville

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Identity formation is an important developmental task of the college years. Previous research has demonstrated that identity commitment, as defined by James Marcia, is related to decreased substance use and problems. That is, individuals who are identity achieved or foreclosed use substances less frequently and experience fewer substance-related problems than do individuals who are classified in the statuses of identity diffused or moratorium. However, Marcia discussed identity as developing in two domains, the occupational and the ideological (religious beliefs and political ideology). To date, no studies have examined in which domain commitment is associated with a decrease in substance use …

The Effects Of Study Abroad Experience On Student Cognitive And Affective Outcomes Of College, Jennifer L. Graban

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Most educators agree that the global challenges of the 21 st century require that college students obtain anEducation with broad economic, cultural, and technological knowledge about the world and its people. Additionally, contemporary college students will require wide-ranging skills in critical thinking, analysis, problem solving, and communication for a successful future. One way that colleges and universities are meeting the challenge of educating global citizens is through study abroad programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a study abroad experience on student cognitive and affective learning. Using a mixed method design, this study investigated quantitatively …

The Learning Impact Of Computer Mediated Communication On Computer-Based Training, Mark A. Revels

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Trainee performance using computer-based training (CBT) may be related to the degree of interaction that occurs between trainees and the instructor, or between trainees and each other. This is significant in that the individualized nature of CBT (and perhaps Web-based training) is contrary to the social interaction needs of trainees. Using relevant pedagogical and social communication theories as a basis, this study employed empirical research methods on undergraduate participants to achieve the following objectives: to explore the use of computer mediated communication (CMC) as a surrogate for face-to-face interaction with CBT trainees, and to provide research-based recommendations for human resource …

The Relevance Of Feenberg's Critical Theory Of Technology To Critical Visual Literacy: The Case Of Scientific And Technical Illustrations, Kathryn M. Northcut

English and Technical Communication Faculty Research & Creative Works

Andrew Feenberg's critical theory of technology is an underutilized, relatively unknown resource in technical communication which could be exploited not only for its potential clarification of large social issues that involve our discipline, but also specifically toward the development of a critical theory of illustrations. Applications of critical theory help strengthen our discipline by forcing us to delineate extant approaches and consider whether democratic goals are being achieved through those approaches. If a critical theory of illustrations can be built from Feenberg's critical theory of technology, it should be useful for classroom instructors and researchers as well as theorists.

Contextual Empowerment: The Impact Of Health Brigade Involvement On The Women Of Miraflor, Nicaragua, Gayla Jewell

Peer Reviewed Articles

This qualitative, descriptive study investigated how working with Health Brigades influenced a sense of empowerment and a resultant shifting of gender-power relationships for women in a rural Nicaraguan community. A convenience sample of 10 women aged 18 to 65 years who had worked with the Brigades were interviewed. Open and axial coding were used to determine core categories and theoretical concepts. From this emerged a grounded theory of contextual empowerment. Key findings included that within this collectivist culture, the concept of contextual empowerment includes psychosocial and structural dimensions. Implications for nursing practice include the impact of unintentional role modeling.

Gendered Risks Of Retirement: The Legal Governance Of Defined Contribution Pensions In Canada, Mary G. Condon

Articles & Book Chapters

This paper examines how the governance of new employer-sponsored pension arrangements in Canada mediates the relationship between gender and discourses of economic risk. It considers the role played by these pension regimes in maintaining gendered forms of financial self-governance and economic insecurity. It asks whether evolving precepts of pension regulation assist or hinder women who wish to resist the disciplinary reach of policy restructurings in the employer-based pension sector.

Depression Vulnerability Within Smoking Research: How Accurate Are One-Item Screening Items?, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Jessica Werth Cook

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Epidemiological and large scale treatment studies within smoking research have utilized many one-item screening items to examine the influence of current depressive symptoms on smoking behavior and quitting. Little is known about that concurrent validity of screening items that may reflect depression vulnerability independent of current symptoms. The present paper evaluated the concurrent validity of two one-item screening items that were essential for diagnosing past episodes of major depression. Screening questions were administered to seventy seven nicotine dependent participants via a telephone screening interview. Smokers then returned to the laboratory for a comprehensive structured assessment of depressive vulnerability. Vulnerability measures …

Effect Of Impulsivity On Cardiovascular And Subjective Reactivity To Smoking Cues, Neal Doran, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Bonnie Spring

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Individuals with high levels of impulsivity are more likely to smoke and may have greater difficulty quitting than other smokers. Although the specific mechanisms mediating this relationship are not explicitly known, one candidate is disproportionate cigarette craving in response to environmental smoking cues. We assessed the effect of impulsivity on three measures of cue reactivity. Regular smokers (n=75) were exposed to a smoking cue and a neutral cue in 2 counterbalanced experimental sessions. Cigarette craving, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were used to index cue reactivity. More impulsive smokers exhibited a disproportionate response to the …

Personal Values As A Mediator Between Parent And Peer Expectations And Adolescent Behaviors, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Gustavo Carlo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current study examined the mediating role of adolescents’ personal values on the relation between maternal and peer expectations for prosocial behaviors and adolescents’ self-reported prosocial and antisocial behaviors. One hundred thirty-four adolescents (mean age = 16.22 years, 54% girls) completed measures of their own values and behaviors, as well as their perceptions of the positive expectations that their mother and their best friend(s) had for their (the adolescents’) prosocial behaviors. Stepwise regression analyses suggested that adolescents’ personal prosocial values mediated the relation between adolescents’ perceptions of both maternal and peer expectations and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. In addition, for boys, …

Acculturative Stress, Social Support, And Coping: Relations To Psychological Adjustment Among Mexican American College Students, Lisa J. Crockett, Maria I. Iturbide, Rosalie A. Torres Stone, Meredith Mcginley, Marcela Raffaelli, Gustavo Carlo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined the relations between acculturative stress and psychological functioning, as well as the protective role of social support and coping style, in a sample of 148 Mexican American college students (67% female, 33% male; mean age = 23.05 years, SD = 3.33). In bivariate analyses, acculturative stress was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Moreover, active coping was associated with better adjustment (lower depression), whereas avoidant coping predicted poorer adjustment (higher levels of depression and anxiety). Tests of interaction effects indicated that parental support and active coping buffered the effects of high acculturative stress on …

How Do I Feel About The Behavior? The Interplay Of Affective Associations With Behaviors And Cognitive Beliefs As Influences On Physical Activity Behavior, Marc T. Kiviniemi, Amy M. Voss-Humke, April L. Seifert

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Individuals have affective associations with health behaviors. In other domains such associations have been shown to influence behavior, but affective associations with health behaviors are not included in current health decision-making models. The authors examined whether affective associations with exercise predicted individuals’ activity behavior and, if so, how they interfaced with other decision-making constructs to influence behavior. Adult participants (N = 433) reported their current physical activity behavior and affective associations with physical activity. Health belief model and theory of planned behavior constructs were also assessed. More positive affective associations with activity significantly predicted greater activity behavior. Moreover, the …

“Introduction” To Modeling Complex Systems: Volume 52 Of The Nebraska Symposium On Motivation, Bill Shuart, William D. Spaulding, Jeffrey Poland

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Capturing the complexity of human behavior has been a recurring theme in the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation:
We expect behavior to be patterned or integrated, and to make biological sense; and so patterning and biological utility are what we see. And of course what we see is actually there-behavior in general is not chaotic; it is organized. (Nissen, 1954, p. 314)
When fundamental psychologists do make excursions into the human motivational world ... it is rare that they survey the requirements for theory or pre-theory by intensive descriptive analysis of behavior related to such motives as produced by concrete human …

Multilevel Models For Examining Individual Differences In Within-Person Variation And Covariation Over Time, Lesa Hoffman

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Heterogeneity of variance may be more than a statistical nuisance—it may be of direct interest as a result of individual differences. In studies of short-term fluctuation, individual differences may relate to the magnitude of within-person variation as well as to level of an outcome or its covariation with other processes. Although models for heterogeneous variances have been utilized in group contexts (i.e., dispersion models), they are not usually applied in examinations of intraindividual variation. This work illustrates how an extension of the multilevel model for heterogeneous variances can be used to examine individual differences in level, between- and within-person covariation, …

On The Use Of Multilevel Modeling As An Alternative To Items Analysis In Psycholinguistic Research, Lawrence Locker Jr., Lesa Hoffman, James A. Bovaird

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The use of multilevel modeling is presented as an alternative to separate item and subject ANOVAs (F₁ x F₂) in psycholinguistic research. Multilevel modeling is commonly utilized to model variability arising from the nesting of lower level observations within higher level units (e.g., students within schools, repeated measures within individuals). However, multilevel models can also be used when two random factors are crossed at the same level, rather than nested. The current work illustrates the use of the multilevel model for crossed random effects within the context of a psycholinguistic experimental study, in which both subjects …

Ecological Momentary Assessment Of Older Women's Health, Janice Penrod, Jeremy B. Yorgason, Susan J. Loeb, Chin-Fang Liu, Lesa Hoffman, Sarah H. Gueldner, Leonard W. Poon

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Living with chronic co-morbidities implies long-lasting, always present conditions associated with highly variable health trajectories. In this study, ecological momentary assessment was used to explore nine older women's experiences of living with co-morbidities. Each participant completed a daily diary, which focused on 10 variables related to energy, pain, effort expended, and an overall health rating, for 21 days. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to explore intra-individual variation in daily health experiences and health-related burden, and determine the extent to which health-related burden was related to daily health experiences. Each of the daily health experience variables sipiificantly predicted health-related burden. Over …

Child Sexual Abuse, David J. Hansen, Kathryn R. Wilson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Although definitions can vary across legal, clinical, and research contexts, sexual abuse is commonly defined as sexual acts between a youth and an older person (e.g., by 5 years or more) in which the dominance of the older person is used to exploit or coerce the youth. Behaviors may include noncontact (e.g., exposure) and contact (e.g., intercourse) offenses.

Childhood Psychological Maltreatment And Quality Of Marriage: The Mediating Role Of Psychological Distress, Andrea R. Perry, David K. Dilillo, James Peugh

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined the role of adult psychological distress in mediating associations between childhood psychological maltreatment and marital satisfaction in a sample of 65 newlywed couples. Results indicated that a significant linkage between psychological maltreatment (including emotional abuse and emotional neglect) and marital satisfaction was eliminated when accounting for global psychological distress, hostility, and depression in the overall sample. These findings were moderated by gender, such that for men, the long-term cOl'relates of emotional abuse were mediated by broad psychological distress and paranoia. Conversely, for women, relations between emotional abuse and emotional neglect and later marital satisfaction were mediated by …

Towards An Understanding Of The Process And Mechanisms Of Change In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Linking Innovative Methodology With Fundamental Questions [Editorial], Adele Hayes, Debra A. Hope, Sarah Hayes

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

There is now consistent evidence to support the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) to reduce clinical symptoms and improve quality of life across a variety of clinical problems (Butler, Chapman, Formen, & Beck, 2006). This outcome research typically relies on a pretreatment-posttreatment design and follow-up assessments at fixed intervals beyond post-test. These outcome studies have been important in answering questions about if a treatment works and, to some extent, for whom it works. However, these designs provide much less information about the mechanisms of treatment—why or how an intervention works. There has been a resurgence of interest in studying …

A Dubious Grail: Seeking Tort Law Expansion And Limited Personhood As Stepping Stones Toward Abolishing Animals' Property Status, Richard L. Cupp Jr.

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Standing Framework For Private Extraterritorial Antitrust Enforcement, Max Huffman

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Sticky Defaults And Altering Rules In Corporate Law, Brett H. Mcdonnell

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Civil Evidence, Angela C. Zambrano, Margaret H. Allen, Aimee N. Blanchard

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Slow Dancing With Death: The Supreme Court And Capital Punishment, 1963-2006, James S. Liebman

Faculty Scholarship

This Article addresses four questions:

Why hasn't the Court left capital punishment unregulated, as it has other areas of substantive criminal law? The Court is compelled to decide the death penalty's constitutionality by the peculiar responsibility it bears for this form of state violence.

Why didn't the Court abolish the death penalty in Furman v. Georgia after finding every capital statute and verdict unconstitutional? The Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause was too opaque to reveal whether the death penalty was unlawful for some or all crimes and, if not, whether there were law-bound ways to administer it. So the Court …

Guerilla Terms, Peter A. Alces

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Knowledge In Developing People Skills, Ben C. West

Human–Wildlife Interactions

As I noted in the last issue of Human–Wildlife Conflicts, wildlife professionals have historically been lambasted for poorly-developed people skills (West 2007). Moreover, I suggested that full development of any skill relies on knowledge, practice, and feedback. To become a top-notch golfer, for example, one must intellectually understand many things, including rules of the game, layout of golf courses, biomechanics of swinging a golf club, situational advantages and disadvantages or different sized clubs, and many other things. However, to have that knowledge is not enough to be a great golfer; one must also apply that knowledge to the game …

Organizations Around Deaf Rochester, Wendy Dimatteo

Articles

No abstract provided.