Digital Commons Network^™

Created Facts And The Flawed Ontology Of Copyright Law, Justin Hughes

Notre Dame Law Review

It is black letter doctrine that facts are not copyrightable: facts are discovered, not created—so they will always lack the originality needed for copyright protection. As straightforward as this reasoning seems, it is fundamentally flawed. Using the “social facts” theory of philosopher John Searle, this Article explores a variety of “created facts” cases—designation systems, systematic evaluations, and privately written laws—in which original expression from private individuals is adopted by social convention and generates facts in our social reality. In the course of this discussion, the paper places facts in their historical and philosophical context, explores how courts conflate facts with …

Optimization Of Electrostatic Interactions In Protein-Protein Complexes, Kelly Brock, Kemper Talley, Kacey Coley, Petras Kundrotas, Emil Alexov

Publications

In this article, we present a statistical analysis of the electrostatic properties of 298 protein-protein complexes and 356 domain-domain structures extracted from the previously developed database of protein complexes (ProtCom, http://www.ces.clemson.edu/compbio/protcom). For each structure in the dataset we calculated the total electrostatic energy of the binding and its two components, Coulombic and reaction field energy. It was found that in a vast majority of the cases (>90%), the total electrostatic component of the binding energy was unfavorable. At the same time, the Coulombic component of the binding energy was found to favor the complex formation while …

R.I.T. News & Events - November 1, 2007, University News Services, Rochester Institute Of Technology

University Publications

Main features of this issue: Presidential inauguration set for Nov. 9; First-of-its-kind program blends public policy with mechanical engineering; New book chronicles life of Panara, RITs first deaf professor; Annual awards honor exceptional staff; Charles Arnold series kicks off with documentary photographer; Flexcar option helps RIT save energy, help environment; Conference sheds light on local IT career opportunities; Redder promoted to assistant vice president; Saunders College makes administrative moves; $1.25 million in grants awarded for image preservation research; JetBlue CEO gives Gasser lecture;

Statistical Hypothesis Testing Under Interval Uncertainty: An Overview, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen, Sa-Aat Niwitpong

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

An important part of statistical data analysis is hypothesis testing. For example, we know the probability distribution of the characteristics corresponding to a certain disease, we have the values of the characteristics describing a patient, and we must make a conclusion whether this patient has this disease. Traditional hypothesis testing techniques are based on the assumption that we know the exact values of the characteristic(s) x describing a patient. In practice, the value X comes from measurements and is, thus, only known with uncertainty: X =/= x. In many practical situations, we only know the upper bound D on the …

How To Estimate, Take Into Account, And Improve Travel Time Reliability In Transportation Networks, Ruey L. Cheu, Vladik Kreinovich, Francois Modave, Gang Xiang, Tao Li, Tanja Magoc

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Many urban areas suffer from traffic congestion. Intuitively, it may seem that a road expansion (e.g., the opening of a new road) should always improve the traffic conditions. However, in reality, a new road can actually worsen traffic congestion. It is therefore extremely important that before we start a road expansion project, we first predict the effect of this project on traffic congestion.

Traditional approach to this prediction is based on the assumption that for any time of the day, we know the exact amount of traffic that needs to go from each origin city zone A to every …

Reactivity Of Iso-Diiodomethane And Iso-Iodoform, Isomers Of Ch2i2 And Chi3, Toward The Double Bond Of A Variety Of Cycloalkenes, Alexander N. Tarnovsky, Irmin Pascher, Torbjorn Pascher

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The metastable CH2I-I and CHI2-I isomers formed by UV photolysis of CH2I2, and CHI3 transfer methylene and iodomethylene groups, respectively, to a variety of cycloalkenes, leading to their cyclopropanation. More than a 100-fold increase of the reaction rate with increasing solvent polarity suggests a dipolar transition state. The fastest second-order rates observed were in CH3CN. However, CH2Cl2 will be the more appropriate reaction medium because the isomer thermal stability is greater in CH2Cl2 than in the more polar CH3CN.

2007 Scholars And Artists Bibliography, Michael Schwartz Library, Cleveland State University, Friends Of The Michael Schwartz Library, Joanne E. Goodell Ph.D.

Scholars and Artists Bibliographies

This bibliography was created for the annual Friends of the Michael Schwartz Library Scholars and Artists Reception, recognizing scholarly and creative achievements of Cleveland State University faculty, staff and emeriti. Dr. Joanne Goodell was the guest speaker.

Ais Binary Messages, Domain Examples And A Case For A Xml Message Definition Language, Schwehr Kurt

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Assemblies Of Assemblies: Supramolecular Ordering Of Nanoscopic Ruthenium Polypyridyl Building Blocks, Kelly Lyle Wouters

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Biological systems have long since perfected the development of nanoengineering. Cellular structure and machinery is based, to a significant extent, on the formation of nanometer to micron-sized assemblies of proteins. These architectures start with unique primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural complexity and can be constructed from a relatively simple set of building blocks. Using this strategy as inspiration, assemblies based on [Ru(phenanthroline)3]2+ building blocks have been synthesized forming polyruthenium species bridged by the tpphz (tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2’,3’-c:3’’,2’’-h:2’’’,3’’’-j]phenazine) and tatpp (9,11,20,22- tetraaza tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2’,3’-c:3’’,2’’-l:2’’’’,3’’’’-n]-pentacene) ligands. Importantly, these assemblies exhibit unique hierarchical structural components which arise directly from the chirality inherent in the octahedral …

Novel Phenomena In Encapsulating Hydrocarbon Gases, Anas W. Saleh

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

The use of hydrophobic forces for entrapment of gases in water will be discussed. Natural hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, and anesthetic gases are hydrophobic in nature. In the course of this investigation water-soluble molecular capsules that possess hydrophobic interiors were synthesized. The encapsulation of hydrocarbon gases in water and in solid state was achieved and monitored by NMR spectroscopy. Our findings may lead to novel, capsule-based materials for gas separation and purification. The work presented in this thesis is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the synthesis of two water soluble hemicarcerands and their use as hosts in encapsulating hydrocarbon …

Longitudinal Evaluation Of Prostaglandin E2 (Pge2) And Periodontal Status In Hiv+ Patients, Tamer Alpagot, John Remien, Mouchumi Bhattacharyya, Krystyna Konopka, William Lundergan, Nejat Düzgüneş

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The study aim was to determine whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) could serve as a risk factor for periodontitis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) patients. Clinical measurements, including gingival index (GI), plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) and GCF samples were taken from two healthy sites (including sites with gingival recession, GI = 0; PD ≤ 3 mm; AL ≤ 2 mm), three gingivitis sites (GI > 0; PD ≤ 3 mm; AL = 0) and three periodontitis sites (GI > 0; PD ≥ 5 mm; AL ≥ 3 mm) of each of the …

Geosciences Newsletter- 2007, Department Of Geosciences

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol. 2, No. 3

• Dear Friends and Alumni
• Faculty News
• Publications
• Grants
• Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education
• Department Updates
• Graduate Student News
• Internships
• Awards and Graduations
• Alumni News
• Donations

Relationship Of Marine Information Overlays (Mios) To Current/Future Iho Standards, Lee Alexander, Michael Huet

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Distinct Value Estimation By Sampling On Unstructured Peer To Peer Networks, Zubin Matthew Joseph

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Peer-to-Peer networks have become very popular on the Internet, with millions of peers all over the world sharing large volumes of data. The sheer scale of these networks has made it difficult to gather statistics that could be used for building new features. This thesis presents a technique of obtaining estimations of the number of distinct values matching a query on the network. The method is then analyzed by considering simulation results that demonstrate its effectiveness and flexibility in supporting a variety of queries and applications.

Is Direct Method Cash Flow Reporting Better At Predicting Future Performance?, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

“Cash is king” goes the saying. Even companies enjoying brisk business have been known to fail because of unhealthy cash flows. The accounting profession is split over the benefits of the direct method (DM) versus the indirect method (IM) of preparing cash flow reports. In a study of over 100 US-based companies which used direct cash flow statements, Singapore Management University accounting professor Yoonseok Zang shows conclusively that the direct method does better at predicting future performance and earnings. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Daily Eastern News: November 1, 2007, Eastern Illinois University

November

No abstract provided.

Supporting Complex Thematic, Spatial And Temporal Queries Over Semantic Web Data, Matthew Perry, Amit P. Sheth, Farshad Hakimpour, Prateek Jain

Kno.e.sis Publications

Spatial and temporal data are critical components in many applications. This is especially true in analytical domains such as national security and criminal investigation. Often, the analytical process requires uncovering and analyzing complex thematic relationships between disparate people, places and events. Fundamentally new query operators based on the graph structure of Semantic Web data models, such as semantic associations, are proving useful for this purpose. However, these analysis mechanisms are primarily intended for thematic relationships. In this paper, we describe a framework built around the RDF metadata model for analysis of thematic, spatial and temporal relationships between named entities. We …

Coincidence Angular Correlation In Electron Impact Single Or Double Ionisation Of Atoms And Molecules, E. M. Staicu-Casagrande, Adnan Naja, Xueguang Ren, Mohammed Nekkab, Fabrice Catoire, F. Mezdari, Azzeddine Lahmam-Bennani, Don H. Madison, Ochbadrakh Chuluunbaatar, Boghos B. Joulakian

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Experimental results obtained with our multi-parameter multi-coincidence spectrometer are presented for the (e,3e) double ionisation of Ar and (e,2e) single ionisation of small molecules. The (e,3e) measurements are discussed in terms of competition between the two double ionisation processes present under the chosen kinematics, and qualitative conclusions are given. The results for the ionisation of H₂ and the outer orbital of N₂ are compared with the predictions of the most elaborate available theoretical models for description of the molecular ionisation process. Overall reasonable agreement is observed and tentative interpretations for the discrepancies are discussed.

Angular And Polarization Analysis Of X-Rays Emitted From Highly-Charged, Few-Electron Ions, Stephan Fritzsche, Andrey S. Surzhykov, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Th H. Stohlker

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The recent theoretical progress in studying the x-ray emission from highly-charged, few-electron ions is reviewed. These case studies show that relativistic, high-Z ions provide a unique tool for better understanding the interplay between the electron-photon and electron-electron interactions in strong fields. Most naturally, this interplay is probed by the radiative capture of a (quasi-) free electron into the bound states of projectile ions, and by varying the charge state and the energy of the projectiles. For the capture into initially hydrogen-and lithium-like ions, here we summarize the recent results for the angular distribution and polarization of the recombination photons as …

Curriculum Minutes 11/01/2007, Curriculum Committee

Curriculum Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

Affective Decision Making: A Behavioral Theory Of Choice, Anat Bracha, Donald J. Brown

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Affective decision-making (ADM) is a refutable and predictive theory of individual choice under risk and uncertainty. It generalizes expected utility theory by positing the existence of two cognitive processes — the “rational” and the “emotional” process. Observed choice is the result of their simultaneous interaction. We present a model of affective choice in insurance markets, where risk perceptions are endogenous.

Affective Decision Making: A Behavioral Theory Of Choice, Anat Bracha, Donald J. Brown

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Affective decision-making is a strategic model of choice under risk and uncertainty where we posit two cognitive processes — the “rational” and the “emotional” process. Observed choice is the result of equilibirum in this intrapersonal game. As an example, we present applications of affective decision-making in insurance markets, where the risk perceptions of consumers are endogenous. We then derive the axiomatic foundation of affective decision making, and show that, although beliefs are endogenous, not every pattern of behavior is possible under affective decision making.

Reasoning About The Behavior Of Aspect-Oriented Programs, Neelam Soundarajan, Raffi Khatchadourian, Johan Dovland

Publications and Research

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has become increasingly popular over the last few years. At the same time, reasoning about the behavior of these programs poses serious challenges. In this paper, we present a rely-guarantee approach to such reasoning. The rely-guarantee approach has proven useful in reasoning about concurrent and distributed programs. We show that some of the key problems encountered in reasoning about aspect-oriented programs are similar to those encountered in reasoning about concurrent programs; and that the rely-guarantee approach, appropriately modified, helps address these problems. We illustrate our approach with a simple example.

Inside Unlv, Cate Weeks, Diane Russell, David Ashley, Grace Russell

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Is A 3-Mm Intrafractional Margin Sufficient For Daily Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Of Prostate Cancer?, Adam D. Melancon, Jennifer C. O'Daniel, Lifei Zhang, Rajat J. Kudchadker, Deborah A. Kuban, Andrew K. Lee, Rex M. Cheung, Renaud De Crevoisier, Susan L. Tucker, Wayne D. Newhauser, Radhe Mohan, Lei Dong

Faculty Publications

Purpose: To determine whether a 3-mm isotropic target margin adequately covers the prostate and seminal vesicles (SVs) during administration of an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment fraction, assuming that daily image-guided setup is performed just before each fraction. Materials and methods: In-room computed tomographic (CT) scans were acquired immediately before and after a daily treatment fraction in 46 patients with prostate cancer. An eight-field IMRT plan was designed using the pre-fraction CT with a 3-mm margin and subsequently recalculated on the post-fraction CT. For convenience of comparison, dose plans were scaled to full course of treatment (75.6 Gy). Dose coverage …

Ammonia Elimination From Protonated Nucleobases And Related Synthetic Substrates, Ming Qian, Shuo Yang, Hong Wu, Papiya S. Majumdar, Nathan D. Leigh, Rainer Glaser

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The results are reported of mass-spectrometric studies of the nucleobases adenine 1h (1, R = H), guanine 2h, and cytosine 3h. The protonated nucleobases are generated by electrospray ionization of adenosine 1r (1, R = ribose), guanosine 2r, and deoxycytidine 3d (3, R = deoxyribose) and their fragmentations were studied with tandem mass spectrometry. In contrast to previous EI-MS studies of the nucleobases, NH₃ elimination does present a major path for the fragmentations of the ions [1h + H]⁺, [2h + H]⁺, and …

Front Matter, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

No abstract provided.

Time-Series Intervention Analysis Using Itsacorr: Fatal Flaws, Bradley E. Huitema, Joseph W. Mckean, Sean Laraway

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The ITSACORR method (Crosbie, 1993, 1995) is evaluated for the analysis of two-phase interrupted time-series designs. It is shown that each component of the ITSACORR framework (including the structural model, the design matrix, the autocorrelation estimator, the ultimate parameter estimation scheme, and the inferential method) contains fatal flaws.

Multiple Comparison Of Medians Using Permutation Tests, Scott J. Richter, Melinda H. Mccann

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A robust method is proposed for simultaneous pairwise comparison using permutation tests and median differences. The new procedure provides strong control of familywise error rate and has better power properties than the median procedure of Nemenyi/Levy. It can be more powerful than the Tukey-Kramer procedure using mean differences, especially for nonnormal distributions and unequal sample sizes.

The Effect Of Different Degrees Of Freedom Of The Chi-Square Distribution On The Statistical Power Of The T, Permutation T, And Wilcoxon Tests, Michèle Weber

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The Chi-square distribution is used quite often in Monte Carlo studies to examine statistical power of competing statistics. The power spectrum of the t-test, Wilcoxon test, and permutation t test are compared under various degrees of freedom for this distribution. The two t tests have similar power, which is generally less than the Wilcoxon.