Digital Commons Network^™

The Rise And Fall Of Chinese Tax Incentives An Implications For International Tax Debates, Jinyan Li

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

Breaching Indigenous Law: Canadian Mining In Guatemala, Shin Imai, Ladan Mehranvar, Jennifer Sander

Articles & Book Chapters

This is a case study of a small Indigenous community in Guatemala that defied a powerful Canadian mining company by holding a community vote on whether to allow mining on its territory. The result of the vote – to stop mining activity on its territory – has not been honoured by the Canadian mining company. The dispute is being played out against a backdrop of intimidation and violence. The study reviews the major players in the dispute – the mining company, the Guatemalan government, the World Bank and the Canadian government – and concludes that they all have a stake …

The Precarious Place Of Labour Rights And Movements In Nigeria's Dual Economic And Political Transition, 1999-2005, Obiora Chinedu Okafor

Articles & Book Chapters

Caught between pressure from dominant global economic actors (such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB), and certain states) to implement painful socio-economic reform measures, and pressure from significant numbers of their own peoples to reject these IMF/WB-style prescriptions, formally democratic "third world" governments often yield to the demands of the former to push through such reforms, sometimes at great social cost. This article utilizes a contemporary Nigerian case study to illustrate this point and to show how the curtailment of labour rights and the weakening of labour movements have formed an important part of the economic …

Variability In Apraxia Of Speech: A Perceptual, Acoustic, And Kinematic Analysis Of Stop Consonants, Christopher Dromey, Shannon C. Mauszycki, Julie L. Wambaugh

Faculty Publications

Since being recognized as a clinical entity, the defining characteristics of apraxia of speech (AOS) have continued to evolve (McNeil, Robin, & Schmidt, 1997). Early research examining speech production with AOS speakers revealed inconsistency in articulatory performance with unpredictable errors (Johns & Darley, 1970; LaPointe & Johns, 1975). More recent research with “pure” apraxic speakers and AOS speakers with accompanying aphasia has revealed consistency in the location and types of errors in repeated productions (McNeil, Odell, Miller & Hunter, 1995; Shuster & Wambaugh, 2003; Wambaugh, Nessler, Bennett & Mauszycki, 2004). The issue of variability in AOS remains unresolved (Croot, 2002). …

New Frameworks For Racial Equality In The Criminal Law, Jeffery Fagan, Mukul Bakhshi

Faculty Scholarship

This Symposium, " Pursuing Racial Fairness in the Administration of Justice: Twenty Years After McClesky v. Kemp," was conceived and inspired by Theodore Shaw, Director-Counsel and President of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. Ted Shaw and his staff worked with Columbia Law School Professor Jeffrey Fagan to recruit an outstanding group of scholars and activists who met on March 2-3, 2007 to hear and comment on the articles appearing in this Symposium. In addition to the authors whose work appears in this issue, many others made important contributions to the Symposium through their commentaries and presentations. These …

Disparity Rules, Olatunde C.A. Johnson

Faculty Scholarship

In 1992, Congress required states receiving federal juvenile justice funds to reduce racial disparities in the confinement rates of minority juveniles. This provision, now known as the disproportionate minority contact standard (DMC), is potentially more far-reaching than traditional disparate impact standards: It requires the reduction of racial disparities regardless of whether those disparities were motivated by intentional discrimination orjustified by "legitimate" agency interests. Instead, the statute encourages states to address how their practices exacerbate racial disadvantage.

This Article casts the DMC standard as a partial response to the failure of constitutional and statutory standards to discourage actions that produce racial …

Working Alliance For Clients With Social Anxiety Disorder: Relationship With Session Helpfulness And Within-Session Habituation, Sarah A. Hayes, Debra A. Hope, Melanie M. Vandyke, Richard G. Heimberg

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

It has been suggested that a strong working alliance encourages clients to take risks during therapy (Raue, Castonguay, & Goldfried, 1993). This encouragement may be important for clients who fear negative evaluations as they engage in risk-taking elements of therapy. This study examined the relationship between working alliance, session helpfulness, and measures of emotional processing in 18 clients undergoing cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder. Results indicate a positive correlation between client-rated, but not observer-rated, working alliance and session helpfulness. Moderate levels of working alliance were associated with higher initial anxiety and deeper within-session habituation. Overall, a strong …

A World Without Marriage, Elizabeth S. Scott

Faculty Scholarship

The legal status of marriage has become the focus of a great deal of controversy in recent years. Social and religious conservatives have voiced alarm at the decline of marriage in an era in which divorce rates are high and increasing numbers of people live in nonmarital families. For these advocates, social welfare rests on the survival (or revival) of traditional marriage. Meanwhile, critics from the left argue that marriage as the preferred and privileged family form will (and should) soon be a thing of the past. Some feminists, such as Martha Fineman and Nancy Polikoff, want to abolish legal …

Social Contagion Of Violence, Jeffrey A. Fagan, Deanna L. Wilkinson, Garth Davies

Faculty Scholarship

In this chapter, we assess whether the roller-coaster pattern of homicides in New York City beginning in 1985 fits a contagion model and identify mechanisms of social contagion that predict its spread across social and physical space. This framework for interpreting the homicide trends as an epidemic includes two perspectives. First, the sharp rise and fall are indicative of a nonlinear pattern in which the phenomenon spreads at a rate far beyond what would be predicted by exposure to some external factor and declines in a similar pattern in which the reduction from year to year exceeds what might be …

Is Oyster Shell A Sustainable Estuarine Resource?, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck

CCPO Publications

The decline of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) as an estuarine resource is well documented for many estuaries on the United States east coast. This decline is often associated with a decline in the shell resource and ultimately the disappearance of the shell bed. We develop a model that expressly and conjointly evaluates oyster abundance and surficial shell quantity and examine whether stability in the stock and the habitat can be simultaneously achieved. Simulations suggest that a steady-state shell content exists for any set of recruitment and natural mortality rates and that the amount of shell present at steady state …

Bottom-Up Forcing And The Decline Of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus) In Alaska: Assessing The Ocean Climate Hypothesis, Andrew W. Trites, Arthur J. Miller, Michael A. Alexander, Steven J. Bograd, John A. Calder, Antonietta Capotondi, Kenneth O. Coyle, Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Bruce P. Finney, Edward J. Gregr, Chester E. Grosch, Thomas C. Royer

CCPO Publications

Declines of Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus) populations in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska could be a consequence of physical oceanographic changes associated with the 1976–77 climate regime shift. Changes in ocean climate are hypothesized to have affected the quantity, quality, and accessibility of prey, which in turn may have affected the rates of birth and death of sea lions. Recent studies of the spatial and temporal variations in the ocean climate system of the North Pacific support this hypothesis. Ocean climate changes appear to have created adaptive opportunities for various species that are preyed upon …

How Does "Equal Liberty" Fare In Relation To Other Approaches To The Religion Clauses?, Kent Greenawalt

Faculty Scholarship

As one of four contributors to an issue celebrating Christopher Eisgruber and Lawrence Sager's Religious Freedom and the Constitution, I have chosen to write an Essay that differs from an ordinary review. I compare the authors' approach with two other recent formulations of what should be central for the jurisprudence of the Religion Clauses. Since I have recently published my own treatment of the Free Exercise Clause, and a second volume on the Establishment Clause is in the pipeline toward publication, I do not here present my own positive views (though I provide references for interested readers). Those views …

Ingenious Arguments Or A Serious Constitutional Problem? A Comment On Professor Epstein's Paper, Philip A. Hamburger

Faculty Scholarship

In his observations about IRBs, Professor Richard Epstein makes persuasive arguments about the dangerous reach of the IRB laws, but he prefaces this policy analysis with a brief excursus into constitutional law that requires some comment. His view is that the constitutional debate over IRBs arises not so much from a substantial constitutional problem as from “ingenious arguments.” Yet this conclusion rests on mistaken assumptions – both about the IRB laws and about the constitutional objections – and because so much is at stake in the constitutional question, it is necessary to point out the inaccuracies.

The first set of …

Introduction To The Institute For Body, Mind And Spirituality, Susan Gere

Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism, and Practice

No abstract provided.

Well-Being, Chocolate And You, Julia Byers, Robyn Flaum, Louise Pascale

Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism, and Practice

No abstract provided.

Symbols Of Hope And Healing, Joan Drescher, Liz Ennis

Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism, and Practice

No abstract provided.

Reefer Madness: Broken Windows Policing And Misdemeanor Marijuana Arrests In New York City, 1989-2000, Bernard E. Harcourt, Jens Ludwig

Faculty Scholarship

The pattern of misdemeanor marijuana arrests in New York City since the introduction of broken windows policing in 1994 – nicely documented in this issue in Andrew Golub, Bruce Johnson, and Eloise Dunlap's article (2007) – is almost enough to make an outside observer ask: Who thought of this idea in the first place? And what were they smoking?

By the year 2000, arrests on misdemeanor charges of smoking marijuana in public view (MPV) had reached a peak of 51,267 for the city, up 2,670% from 1,851 arrests in 1994. In 1993, the year before broken windows policing was implemented, …

Building Criminal Capital Behind Bars: Peer Effects In Juvenile Corrections, Patrick J. Bayer, Randi Hjalmarsson, David Pozen

Faculty Scholarship

This paper analyzes the influence that juvenile offenders serving time in the same correctional facility have on each other's subsequent criminal behavior. The analysis is based on data on over 8,000 individuals serving time in 169 juvenile correctional facilities during a two-year period in Florida. These data provide a complete record of past crimes, facility assignments, and arrests and adjudications in the year following release for each individual. To control for the non-random assignment to facilities, we include facility and facility-by-prior offense fixed effects, thereby estimating peer effects using only within-facility variation over time. We find strong evidence of peer …

Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of 10-N-Substituted Acridones As Novel Chemosensitizers In Plasmodium Falciparum, Jane X. Kelly, Martin J. Smilkstein, Roland A. Cooper, Kristin D. Lane, Robert A. Johnson, Aaron Janowsky, Rozalia A. Dodean, David J. Hinrichs, Rolf Winter, Michael Riscoe

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A series of novel 10-N-substituted acridones, bearing alkyl side chains with tertiary amine groups at the terminal position, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the ability to enhance the potency of quinoline drugs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. A number of acridone derivatives, with side chains bridged three or more carbon atoms apart between the ring nitrogen and terminal nitrogen, demonstrated chloroquine (CQ)-chemosensitizing activity against the MDR strain of P. falciparum (Dd2). Isobolograrn analysis revealed that selected candidates demonstrated significant synergy with CQ in the CQ-resistant (CQR) parasite Dd2 but only additive (or indifferent) interaction in the CQ-sensitive …

Acoustic Emission Detection And Prediction Of Fatigue Crack Propagation In Composite Patch Repairs Using Neural Networks, Navdeep Singh, Navrag Singh, Anthony Chukwujekwu Okafor

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An aircraft is subjected to severe structural and aerodynamic loads during its service life. These loads can cause damage or weakening of the structure especially for aging military and civilian aircraft, thereby affecting its load carrying capabilities. Hence composite patch repairs are increasingly used to repair damaged aircraft metallic structures to restore its structural efficiency. This paper presents the results of Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring of crack propagation in 2024-T3 Clad aluminum panels repaired with adhesively bonded octagonal, single sided boron/epoxy composite patch under tension-tension fatigue loading. Crack propagation gages were used to monitor crack initiation. The identified AE sensor …

Grand Rapids Economic Forecast 2007, Hari Singh, Nancy Boese

Seidman Business Review

Our latest survey forecast for the greater Grand Rapids economy (Kent, Ottawa, Muskegon, and Allegan counties) was conducted in November 2006.

• Business confidence has suffered a decline and is expected to rise modestly in 2007

• Employment growth is expected to be modest at 0.7% for 2007

• Overall sales are expected to grow at a lower rate of around 2.5% for 2007

• Exports continue to be a bright spot; expected growth is 6% for 2007

• The decline in regional confidence and sales reflects the ongoing restructuring and a slowdown of the national economy

West Michigan-Grand Rapids Commercial Real Estate Review And Forecast, Matt Abraham

Seidman Business Review

Retail: The West Michigan retail market is poised to expand in 2007, gaining in strength and popularity.

Office: A year of consolidation and medical expansion will lead the West Michigan office market to a future of sustainability for 2007 and beyond.

Investment: Interest rates will be closely monitored in 2007, and will be a primary issue impacting investors throughout the year.

Industrial: Grand Rapids is the hub of Western Michigan and, based on investor demand, is rapidly being viewed as an extension of the Chicago Market.

Six Powerful Healthcare Trends That Impact Employer-Sponsered Health Insurance, Jeff S. Rubleski

Seidman Business Review

The cost of employer-sponsored health insurance continues to escalate at a staggering pace. Firms of all sizes, including non-profits, governments, and school systems are feeling the budget squeeze of ever-higher health insurance premiums. This article will review six significant trends that will have an impact on the health insurance options provided at the workplace. Knowledge of these trends will give you a better understanding of the dynamics driving higher healthcare costs and put you in a position to take proactive steps to keep health insurance from breaking your budget.

From The Dean, H James Williams

Seidman Business Review

Welcome to another edition of the Seidman Business Review (the “Review”). As the new global economy presents new challenges to all West Michigan’s businesses, the Seidman College of Business continues to provide cutting-edge, relevant, and real-world commentary focused on sharing existing and emerging business knowledge, legislation, and innovations, in ways that are relevant and compelling for West Michigan businesses and other public and private organizations.

Education And The Economy: The Challenge For West Michigan, Sonia Dalmia, Aaron Lowen, Paul Sicilian

Seidman Business Review

Recent reports in the popular media raise concerns about a supposed “boy crisis” in the United States with regard to educational attainment. These reports cite evidence that females in the United States have caught up and surpassed males in most measures of schooling. Concern over the gender gap in schooling is misplaced, however, as racial differences in educational attainment are much more severe. This paper presents evidence on educational attainment by race and gender, nationally, within the state, and locally.

Accommodating Disabilities In Grand Rapids, Suzanne M. Crampton, John W. Hodge, Kinfu Adisu

Seidman Business Review

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was designed to guarantee equal opportunity in employment, public accommodation, transportation, state and local government services and telecommunications for individuals with physical or mental disabilities. The law applies to both public and private employers. An individual with a disability is defined as an individual who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. In order to comply with the ADA, organizations are required to make reasonable accommodations unless making the accommodation results in an undue hardship.

Clearing A Space: A Centering Method For Enhancing Receptivity And Presence For The Classroom, Joan Klagsbrun

Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism, and Practice

No abstract provided.

Creative Arts As Companion Therapy In Cancer Treatment, Marion Nesbit, Susan Decristofaro

Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism, and Practice

No abstract provided.

Developing Spiritual Maturation, Cheryl A. Giles

Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism, and Practice

No abstract provided.

About The Contributors, Journal Staff

Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism, and Practice

No abstract provided.