Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (3935)
- Law (3438)
- Education (2468)
- Arts and Humanities (2119)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (1649)
-
- Communication (1179)
- Engineering (1176)
- Business (1063)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (1062)
- Computer Sciences (752)
- Higher Education (751)
- Life Sciences (716)
- Library and Information Science (616)
- Sociology (576)
- History (556)
- Mass Communication (478)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (420)
- Psychology (419)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (415)
- Journalism Studies (398)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (366)
- Religion (352)
- Environmental Sciences (307)
- International Law (283)
- Higher Education Administration (270)
- Computer Engineering (265)
- Public Health (262)
- American Studies (242)
- Intellectual Property Law (236)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (236)
- Institution
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (951)
- University of South Florida (534)
- Eastern Illinois University (445)
- Brigham Young University (420)
- University of Montana (414)
-
- Purdue University (389)
- University of Central Florida (382)
- University of New Hampshire (381)
- Louisiana State University (361)
- Wright State University (354)
- University of Mississippi (349)
- University of New Mexico (343)
- Utah State University (319)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (313)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (281)
- Rochester Institute of Technology (280)
- Georgia Southern University (275)
- California State University, San Bernardino (264)
- University of Northern Iowa (264)
- University of North Dakota (259)
- Nova Southeastern University (252)
- Clemson University (249)
- University of South Carolina (245)
- San Jose State University (240)
- Missouri University of Science and Technology (233)
- University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well (233)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (227)
- Technological University Dublin (218)
- Singapore Management University (217)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (212)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (367)
- Education (237)
- EIU (202)
- 2007 (201)
- Newsletter (183)
-
- United States (178)
- Bowling Green State University (146)
- Student newspapers (141)
- Higher education (140)
- Student newspaper (139)
- Global Financial Crisis (2007-2009) (136)
- English (133)
- Faculty (129)
- DeafDigest (128)
- Eastern Illinois University (128)
- Daily Eastern News (127)
- History (112)
- Campus news (111)
- Communication (111)
- Spartan Daily (111)
- B.G. News (109)
- BG News (109)
- Minutes (109)
- Future (106)
- Deaf News (104)
- 2006-2007(Vol. 39) (103)
- Central Florida Future (103)
- UNM Communication and Marketing (98)
- UNM News Minute (98)
- Technology (95)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (660)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (385)
- Faculty Publications (366)
- Faculty Scholarship (228)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (203)
-
- 2007 Decisions (189)
- Articles (176)
- Campus News Archive (176)
- Theses (173)
- University of Montana Course Syllabi (147)
- Masters Theses (145)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (144)
- Dissertations (142)
- Documents (142)
- Theses Digitization Project (134)
- Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (2007– 2019) (132)
- 2007 (123)
- Press Releases (117)
- Graduate Research Papers (115)
- Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications) (111)
- BG News (Student Newspaper) (109)
- UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations (107)
- Against the Grain (106)
- LSU Master's Theses (105)
- Central Florida Future (103)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009 (98)
- UNM News Minute 2007 (98)
- LSU Doctoral Dissertations (95)
- Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems (93)
- All Theses (91)
- Publication Type
Articles 22681 - 22710 of 25825
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Effect Of Thin-Slicing On Structured Interview Decisions, Gregory F. Schmidt
The Effect Of Thin-Slicing On Structured Interview Decisions, Gregory F. Schmidt
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study examined whether hiring recommendations based on thin slices of a structured interview were associated with recommendations based on the interview in its entirety. After viewing 12 seconds of silent interviewee behavior, participants made hiring recommendations that were significantly correlated with those produced by individuals viewing a still-frame of the interview and the entire interview. In an effort to determine what sources of information participants were using to arrive at their recommendations, nonverbal behaviors were examined in detail. Applicants who appeared attentive, not anxious, competent, confident, dominant, optimistic, and professional were more likely to receive positive hiring recommendations than …
The Impact Of Management’S Tone On The Perception Of Management’S Credibility In Forecasting, Robert D. Slater
The Impact Of Management’S Tone On The Perception Of Management’S Credibility In Forecasting, Robert D. Slater
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of management altering its tone in communications on participants' perceptions of management credibility. Management's tone in communicating with participants was manipulated using communications from management under two treatment conditions. In period one of the study management's tone was manipulated within the management statement on internal controls as required by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's (PCAOB) Auditing Standards No. 2. In period one, participants had no knowledge of management's prior forecasting accuracy. Consistent with predicted hypotheses, the findings reveal that management can increase its credibility with participants by communicating its …
The Communicative Two-Way Pre-Writing Task Performed Via Asynchronous And Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication And Its Influence On The Writing Expertise Development Of Adult English Language Learners: A Mixed Design Study, Iona Sarieva
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study addresses a gap in the second language writing research through examining processes occurring during the pre-writing and drafting stages of adult second language learners' writing when computer-mediated communication (CMC) pre-writing activities are involved. The theoretical framework adopted in the study is Writing-as-process approach with a focus being the pre-writing and drafting stages of the writing process. The design of the study is a parallel component mixed method design with an ongoing dominant qualitative stage and a nested less-dominant quantitative stage. In the qualitative stage of the project, two case studies were conducted: a group case study of the …
Src Kinase Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Sarcomas: Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Of Action, Audrey Cathryn Shor
Src Kinase Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Sarcomas: Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Of Action, Audrey Cathryn Shor
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Sarcomas are rare mesenchymally-derived tumors with limited treatment options. Tyrosine kinases may serve as potential targets for sarcoma therapy because many are mutated or overexpressed in sarcomas and cell lines. One potential molecular target for sarcoma treatment is the Src tyrosine kinase. Three independently synthesized Src kinase inhibitors were evaluated in human sarcoma cell lines. Of the three, dasatinib, provided promising results as a potential sarcoma therapy. Until this study, dasatinib activity had not been characterized in sarcoma cells. Based on our previous findings of Src activation in human sarcomas, we evaluated the effects of dasatinib in twelve sarcoma cell …
Construct Validity Of Situational Judgment Tests: An Examination Of The Effects Of Agreeableness, Organizational Leadership Culture, And Experience On Sjt Responses, Jonathan Adam Shoemaker
Construct Validity Of Situational Judgment Tests: An Examination Of The Effects Of Agreeableness, Organizational Leadership Culture, And Experience On Sjt Responses, Jonathan Adam Shoemaker
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Numerous factors are likely to influence response patterns to situational judgment tests, including agreeableness, leadership style, impression management, and job and organizational experience. This research presents background information and research on situational judgment tests and several constructs hypothesized to influence situational judgment test responses. A situational judgment test and manipulations to influence response patterns were developed and piloted with a small sample of management professionals and undergraduate students. Larger samples of management professionals and undergraduate students participated in the experimental research. Participants were asked to imagine that they are applying for a job. Each participant was presented with background information …
How Do Proficient Intermediate Grade Writers Percieve Writing In School?, Tammy Weiss Schimmel
How Do Proficient Intermediate Grade Writers Percieve Writing In School?, Tammy Weiss Schimmel
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine students' perspectives of writing instruction to gain insights into their awareness of the impact of high-stakes writing assessments on instructional practices and teaching strategies. Students in grades four and five who attended the 2004 Suncoast Young Author's Celebration (SYAC) served as the sample for this study. Data were gathered through surveys and interviews with 20 students who attended the SYAC. Survey questions were used to obtain general information about the students' perceptions of writing instruction and assessment. Interviews were conducted to gain a richer understanding of their perceptions of classroom experiences.The participants …
Psychometric Functions Of Clear And Conversational Speech For Young Normal Hearing Listeners In Noise, Jane Smart
Psychometric Functions Of Clear And Conversational Speech For Young Normal Hearing Listeners In Noise, Jane Smart
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Clear speech is a form of communication that talkers naturally use when speaking in difficult listening conditions or with a person who has a hearing loss. Clear speech, on average, provides listeners with hearing impairments an intelligibility benefit of 17 percentage points (Picheny, Durlach, & Braida, 1985) over conversational speech. In addition, it provides increased intelligibility in various listening conditions (Krause & Braida, 2003, among others), with different stimuli (Bradlow & Bent, 2002; Gagne, Rochette, & Charest, 2002; Helfer, 1997, among others) and across listener populations (Bradlow, Kraus, & Hayes, 2003, among others). Recently, researchers have attempted to compare their …
Clinical Supervision Of Child And Adolescent Counselors In Residential Foster Care: A Collective Case Study, Lee A. Teufel
Clinical Supervision Of Child And Adolescent Counselors In Residential Foster Care: A Collective Case Study, Lee A. Teufel
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
A collective case study is the study of more than one case (Stake, 1995). One therapist supervisor and three therapist supervisees from a child and adolescent residential foster care facility were observed during their individual clinical supervision and interviewed post-supervision. Currently, the literature on clinical supervision seldom addresses the supervision of working professional counselors; particularly those who are child and adolescent counselors (CACs).
Using a qualitative approach, two fundamental questions guided this inquiry: (a) what is the nature of clinical supervision involving a supervisor who provides clinical supervision to counselors in a child and adolescent residential foster care center that …
Androgen Receptors In The Bonnethead Shark, Sphyrna Tiburo: Cdna Cloning And Tissue-Specific Expression In The Male Reproductive Tract, John P. Tyminski
Androgen Receptors In The Bonnethead Shark, Sphyrna Tiburo: Cdna Cloning And Tissue-Specific Expression In The Male Reproductive Tract, John P. Tyminski
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) play important roles in virilization, spermatogenesis, and sexual behavior in vertebrates. An understanding of the distribution and levels of expression of the ARs on the cellular and tissue level demonstrates the pattern of responsiveness to the androgenic hormones in a given organism. In this study, a fragment of the AR gene was cloned and sequenced from the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, an elasmobranch species with a well-defined annual reproductive cycle. Acquiring this gene sequence facilitated the construction of species-specific AR polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and species-specific AR mRNA probes that were used to …
The Relationship Between School Connectedness And Bullying Vicitmization In Secondary Students, Janet Urbanski
The Relationship Between School Connectedness And Bullying Vicitmization In Secondary Students, Janet Urbanski
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Bullying is a complex behavior that can cause academic and social problems for students and can contribute to a negative school climate. Students who feel isolated or do not feel connected to their school may experience similar risks to those who are victimized by peers. Recent school violence incidents have led to an increase in bullying behavior research. The importance of the school climate is also emerging in educational discourse prompting a growth of research in school connectedness and positive relationships. However, research on the impact that relationships and school connectedness may have on bullying victimization at school is limited. …
Assistive Force Feedback For Path Following In 3d Space For Upper Limb Rehabilitation Applications, Ramya Swaminathan
Assistive Force Feedback For Path Following In 3d Space For Upper Limb Rehabilitation Applications, Ramya Swaminathan
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The primary objective of this research was the design of an easy to use C++ Graphical User Interface (GUI) which helps the user to choose the task that he/she wants to perform. This C++ application provides a platform intended for upper arm rehabilitation applications. The user can choose from different tasks such as: Assistive Function in 3D Space to Traverse a Linear Trajectory, User Controlled Velocity Based Scaling, Fitts' Task in X, Y, Z Directions. According to a study conducted by the scientific journal of the American Academy of Neurology, stroke patients aided by robotic rehabilitation devices gain significant improvement …
Uncertainty In The Information Supply Chain: Integrating Multiple Health Care Data Sources, Monica Chiarini Tremblay
Uncertainty In The Information Supply Chain: Integrating Multiple Health Care Data Sources, Monica Chiarini Tremblay
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Similar to a product supply chain, an information supply chain is a dynamic environment where networks of information-sharing agents gather data from many sources and utilize the same data for different tasks. Unfortunately, raw data arriving from a variety of sources are often plagued by errors (Ballou et al. 1998), which can lead to poor decision making. Supporting decision making in this challenging environment demands a proactive approach to data quality management, since the decision maker has no control over these data sources (Shankaranarayan et al. 2003). This is true in health care, and in particular in health planning, where …
Job Satisfaction Among High School Assistant Principals In Seven Florida Counties, John R., Taylor
Job Satisfaction Among High School Assistant Principals In Seven Florida Counties, John R., Taylor
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study replicated the study by Mary E. Neal, Job Satisfaction of Florida's High School Assistant Principals as a Factor in the Maintenance of an Administrative Workforce (2002) and extended the research by examining the job satisfaction of high school assistant principals in seven Florida county school districts. The present study utilized quantitative and qualitative data. Respondents (n = 128) were surveyed using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ short form), Individual Demographic Questionnaire, and Telephone Interview Questionnaire. One assistant principal from each of seven counties volunteered to complete the Telephone Interview Questionnaire. The 128 respondents represented 60% of 214 assistant …
Narrative Efforts At Social Redemption By People With Aids/Hiv, Andrea Zolnier Thelen
Narrative Efforts At Social Redemption By People With Aids/Hiv, Andrea Zolnier Thelen
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores four narrative texts written about AIDS/HIV and evaluates each one by applying Kenneth Burke's redemption drama, consisting of guilt, purification, and redemption. The methodology is a close textual analysis using rhetorical analysis as a way to highlight the use of the redemption drama in language. The first chapter explores the history of AIDS/HIV and makes the argument for using Burke's rhetorical approach. The second chapter briefly highlights the plot of the four narratives and provides background information and context for each book. The third chapter applies the concept of guilt to all four narratives. The fourth chapter …
Comparison Of Student Outcomes In Distance Learning Internships Versus Traditional Dietetic Internships, Lauri Y. Wright
Comparison Of Student Outcomes In Distance Learning Internships Versus Traditional Dietetic Internships, Lauri Y. Wright
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
One way in which higher education is responding to technology advances, demographics changes, and economic pressures is through the development of distance learning. Distance learning represents one of the most prominent trends in higher education today. Understanding the impact of this technologically driven change on student outcomes is unmistakably important. One example of this trend in higher education is the distance learning internship in dietetic training programs. The purpose of this study was to compare student outcomes in distance learning dietetic internships to student outcomes in traditional dietetic internships. The pass rate of the registration exam for dietitians, levels of …
Synthesis, Characterization, And Applications Of Cvd Micro- And Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Films, Zhenqing Xu
Synthesis, Characterization, And Applications Of Cvd Micro- And Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Films, Zhenqing Xu
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, a systematic study has been carried out on the synthesis, characterization and applications of microcrystalline diamond (MCD) and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films deposited by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Firstly, an overview of diamond films synthesized from carbon-containing gas plasmas is presented. A parameter study was performed to grow diamond thin films. The transition from micro- to nanocrystallinity of diamond grains was achieved by controlling the Ar/Hydrogen gas ratio. The nanocrystallinity is the result of a new growth mechanism which involves the insertion of carbon dimmer into carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. Secondly, characterization of diamond …
Public Interest Drift Revised: Tracing The Sources Of Social Change Commitment Among Black Harvard Law Students, Jenee Desmond-Harris
Public Interest Drift Revised: Tracing The Sources Of Social Change Commitment Among Black Harvard Law Students, Jenee Desmond-Harris
UC Law Journal of Race and Economic Justice
Although "public interest drift"-the phenomenon of law students' interest in public interest careers decreasing over the course of legal education-has been studied extensively, author Jene Desmond- Harris argues that rates among black law students deserve a specially tailored analysis because of the black community's longstanding faith in the law and lawyers as instruments of social change. Through a study of current black Harvard Law students, admitted students, and alumni, she investigates the interactions between the Harvard Law School experience and the development of black law students' attitudes about pursuing careers aimed at affecting social change. Incorporating her own research with …
Companies Caught In The Middle, Albert Gidari Jr.
Companies Caught In The Middle, Albert Gidari Jr.
University of San Francisco Law Review
No abstract provided.
Unpacking Pandora's Box: Innovative Techniques For Effectively Counseling Asylum Applicants Suffering From Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Carol M. Suzuki
Unpacking Pandora's Box: Innovative Techniques For Effectively Counseling Asylum Applicants Suffering From Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Carol M. Suzuki
UC Law Journal of Race and Economic Justice
Each year, innumerable asylum seekers are denied relief in the United States because the asylum officer or immigration judge does not believe that the applicant is telling the truth. The immigration judge makes an adverse credibility determination because the applicant's story of persecution lacks sufficient detail and is inconsistent. A victim of severe and often prolonged trauma may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which profoundly affects his ability to tell a consistent and detailed story of past persecution. Thus, an asylum seeker suffering from PTSD as a result of traumatic experiences, desperately in need of a safe haven, may be …
Can Blogging And Employment Co-Exist?, John S. Hong
Can Blogging And Employment Co-Exist?, John S. Hong
University of San Francisco Law Review
This Comment explores the extent to which a blogger who exercises this autonomy right, by publishing thoughts or opinions online, should legitimately fear termination or other retaliatory actions by the snooping employer, and accordingly, argues that employment law must draw a line between managerial rights of the employer and the privacy rights of the employee.
Domain Names Triggering Internet Pop-Up Advertisements: A "Use In Commerce" Under The Lanham Act, Joan Obispo Arbolante
Domain Names Triggering Internet Pop-Up Advertisements: A "Use In Commerce" Under The Lanham Act, Joan Obispo Arbolante
University of San Francisco Law Review
This Comment proposes that URLs used to trigger pop-up ads constitute a "use in commerce" under the Lanham Act because they are used more than as a "pure machine-linkingfunction" and are more than public keys to access websites. Accordingly, despite some federal cases precedent that involve narrow definitions of "use in commerce" - a requirement to bring a successful trademark infringement suit. This Comment suggests that these narrow holdings is that internet advertising developers can now design technology to avoid the narrow definition of "use in commerce" and thereby avoid liability for trademark infringement.
Reexamining The Yahoo! Litigations:Toward An Effects Test For Determining International Cyberspace Jurisdiction, Matthew Chivvis
Reexamining The Yahoo! Litigations:Toward An Effects Test For Determining International Cyberspace Jurisdiction, Matthew Chivvis
University of San Francisco Law Review
This Comment argues the courts should employ an effects test when deciding international civil disputes involving solely cyberspace harms.
The Fourth Amendment Status Of Stored E-Mail: The Law Professors' Brief In Warshak V. United States, Susan Freiwald, Patricia L. Bellia
The Fourth Amendment Status Of Stored E-Mail: The Law Professors' Brief In Warshak V. United States, Susan Freiwald, Patricia L. Bellia
University of San Francisco Law Review
This Article examines what procedural hurdles the government must overcome in order to compel service providers to turn over digital communications. Specifcally, Warshak v. United States raises these very questions because it asks the Sixth Circuit to determine what showing a court should require of the Government, under the Stored Communications Act. This article also examines whether those statutory requirements under the SCA satisfy the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution.
Keeping Free Speech Free In The College Marketplace Of Ideas: California Legislation As An Imperfect Solution To Censorship By University Administrators, Jennifer Ross
University of San Francisco Law Review
This Comment highlights the difficult position that some private college or university students find themselves in, when it comes to suing to protect their free speech rights. As such, this Comment argues that in order for pending California legislation to go the full distance in fostering a "marketplace of ideas", the legislature should pass additional bills to protect private college students from Hosty-type administrative censorship.
The Scientific And International Context For Climate Change Initiatives, Stephanie B. Oshita Phd
The Scientific And International Context For Climate Change Initiatives, Stephanie B. Oshita Phd
University of San Francisco Law Review
This Article provides context for the examination of United States climate policy and litigation initiatives, including the current scientific understanding of climate change, international efforts to combat climate change both inside and outside of the UN framework, and suggests possible solutions to the climate change problem.
The Community Newspaper And The Rural Public School System : Relationship Of Mutual Dependence / By Alana Delise Teague, Alana Delise Teague
The Community Newspaper And The Rural Public School System : Relationship Of Mutual Dependence / By Alana Delise Teague, Alana Delise Teague
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Vol. 36, No. 1: Full Issue, Denver Journal Of International Law & Policy
Vol. 36, No. 1: Full Issue, Denver Journal Of International Law & Policy
Denver Journal of International Law & Policy
No abstract provided.
Integrated Mine Action: Lessons And Recommendations From Austcare's Program In Cambodia, Sally Campbell Thorpe
Integrated Mine Action: Lessons And Recommendations From Austcare's Program In Cambodia, Sally Campbell Thorpe
Global CWD Repository
This report identifies lessons learned and best practices from Austcare’s Integrated Mine Action (IMA) Program in Cambodia. It provides key recommendations for Austcare to consider implementing, while also highlighting broader perspectives that may be of interest to other agencies involved in IMA or seeking to develop a similar approach. To date, few organisations have documented their field-based experiences in IMA. This report explores Austcare’s experience in Cambodia to explain and advocate the benefits of IMA, as well to identify some of the challenges involved. It is hoped that the results will encourage a broader discussion and exchange on the subject. …
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Regarding Immunization Among Family Practice Patients, Waris Qidwai, Syed Sohail Ali, Semi Ayub, Salma Ayub
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Regarding Immunization Among Family Practice Patients, Waris Qidwai, Syed Sohail Ali, Semi Ayub, Salma Ayub
Department of Family Medicine
Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices about immunization among family practice patients.
Design: A questionnaire based survey.
Patients and Method: A questionnaire was developed in line with the study objectives. It was administered to patients visiting family physicians, after they were administered, informed consent and assurance with regards to confidentiality was provided. Epi-info and SPSS software was used for data management.
Results: A total of 97 patients were surveyed. The majority were men (59.8%) with a mean age of 29.69 years. Majority was unmarried (51.5%), with graduate and post-graduate education (73%), and in government and …
Metabolic Syndrome: Frequency And Gender Differences At An Out - Patient Clinic, Firdous Jahan, Riaz Qureshi, Tasneem Borhany, Hasan Bin Hamza
Metabolic Syndrome: Frequency And Gender Differences At An Out - Patient Clinic, Firdous Jahan, Riaz Qureshi, Tasneem Borhany, Hasan Bin Hamza
Department of Family Medicine
Objective: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome among patients attending an out-patient clinic of a teaching hospital and to compare the clinical features regarding metabolic syndrome among males and females.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Executive and Family Medicine Clinics, from December 2004 to April 2005.
Patients and Methods: All adults, above 25 years, attending the clinics for an executive check-up and giving informed consent were included in the study. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to those eligible to participate. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to ATP-III guidelines. …