Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Crina Ruminants Af, A Mixture Of Essential Oil Compounds, On Finishing Beef Steer Performance, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matthew A. Greenquist, Peter Willams, Ricardo Losa

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three-hundred seventy six crossbred yearling steers were fed one of four treatments: 1) Control (CON) 2) CRINA RUMINANTS AF (CRINA) 3) CRINA RUMINANTS AF plus Tylan® (CRINA + T), and 4) Rumensin® plus Tylan® (RUM + T) to determine the potential of an essential oil additive to improve steer growth performance and carcass characteristics. There were no differences in Final BW or ADG between treatments. Steers fed RUM + T had lower DMI than other treatments and F:G was improved for the CRINA + T and RUM + T fed steers compared with CON steers. Treatments containing Tylan® had significantly …

Effect Of Crina Ruminants Af, A Mixture Of Essential Oil Compounds, On Ruminal Fermentation And Digestibility, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Peter Willams, Riccardo Losa

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Eight ruminally fistulated steers were used in a metabolism experiment to determine effects of an essential oil feed additive in altering steer ruminal fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibilities. Yearling steers were fed three treatments: 1) Control (CON) 2) CRINA RUMINANTS AF (CRINA) and 3) Rumensin® (RUM). There were no differences in DMI, OM intake, total tract DM and OM digestibilities, or pH among treatments. Steers receiving the CRINA treatment consumed 24.5% fewer meals than CON. Ruminal acetate was greatest and total VFA concentrations tended to be greatest for CRINA treatment. Acetate:propionate was 1.68, 1.49, and 1.43 for CON, CRINA, and …

Feeding Potassium Bicarbonate And Sodium Chloride In Finishing Diets, Sheryl Colgan, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Angus crossbred yearling steers (n = 180) were used to evaluate effects of feeding additional potassium and sodium on performance and tympanic temperature of steers under heat stress and seasonal summer conditions. Steers were assigned one of four treatments: 1) control; 2) potassium (diet containing 2.10% KHCO₃); 3) sodium (diet containing 1.10% NaCl); or 4) potassium and sodium (diet containing 2.10% KHCO₃ and 1.10% NaCl). Daily water intake was increased and dry matter intake to daily water intake ratio was decreased for cattle fed potassium and potassium and sodium rations. Tympanic temperatures did not differ among dietary …

Effect Of Feeding Das-59122-7 Corn Grain And Non-Transgenic Corn Grain To Finishing Feedlot Steers, Taia J. Huls, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Kyle J. Vander Pol, David W. Rice, Brenda Smith, Mark Hinds, Fred Owens, Matthias Leibergesell

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty crossbred steers were individually fed either corn genetically modified for corn rootworm protection (Das-59122-7), a conventional non-transgenic corn hybrid, or a near isoline control for 109 days to evaluate nutritional equivalency. The corn was coarsely rolled (geometric mean diameter = 4,200 microns) and treatments offered in the finishing diet at 82% of diet (DM basis). Dry matter intakes, ADG, and F:G were similar among all three corn hybrids. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences among treatments. The genetically modified corn DAS-59122-7 was nutritionally equivalent to a conventional corn hybrid and a near isoline control when fed to finishing steers. …

Identification Of Off-Flavor Compounds In Beef Round And Chuck Muscles, Jennie M. Hodgen, Susan L. Cuppett, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Volatile off-flavor compounds are present in beef. Using purge and trap gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, some volatile compounds were shown to have different concentrations in normal-flavored beef, compared to samples with liver-like off-flavor. Most of the compounds, like pentanol, hexanal, hexanol, 1–octen–3–ol, and nonanol, are associated with lipid oxidation. The compounds, β-pinene and 1-octen-3-ol were in higher concentration in the liver-like samples in all muscles tested. Several, small, unidentified peaks also differed between samples. Determination of the possible origins of these compounds may improve the quality and consistency of beef products.

Fatty Acids And Minerals Affect The Liver-Like Off-Flavor In Cooked Beef, Blaine E. Jenschke, Jennie M. Hodgen, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty knuckle centers were obtained from a local harvesting facility to determine factors causing the liver-like off-flavor in beef. Medium chain unsaturated fatty acids and sodium explain 46% of the variation of the liver-like off-flavor intensity ratings in cooked knuckle center steaks. Future studies to manipulate the fatty acid and mineral profiles of muscle might prove beneficial in lowering the incidence of the liver-like off-flavor in beef.

Masking Off-Flavors In Ground Beef, Donald A. Moss, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ground beef derived from fed (high energy diet for at least 60 days) and non-fed cows was combined with one of five commercial bitter blockers to determine if off-flavors could be masked. Off-flavor scores were generally low; no significant treatment effects were observed. Trained panelists more frequently noted sour, fatty, rancid and liver-like off-flavors in non-fed cow beef (and metallic flavors in fed cow beef). Consumers found no differences in flavor notes. Bitter blockers did not affect flavor perception. The greatest differences were between fed and non-fed cow beef.

Enhancement Of Beef Chuck And Round Muscles With Ammonium Hydroxide, Adam E. Hamling, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

By increasing muscle pH with ammonium hydroxide, shear force values of triceps brachii, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris were decreased and sensory scores for tenderness improved with higher levels of added solution. Any level of treatment was beneficial. In all cases, there were no shear force differences between steaks pumped to 15% and 22.5%. Ultimate pH was strongly related to shear force values. These data suggest adjusting pH in beef with 20% of a solution of ammonium hydroxide can increase tenderness in beef chuck and round muscles.

Hyperspectral Imaging: A Non-Invasive Technique To Predict Beef Tenderness, Lauren Grimes, Govindarajan Konda Naganathan, Jeyamkondan Subbiah, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A hyperspectral imaging apparatus was developed and assembled to predict 14 d tenderness of beef steaks. USDA Choice and Select grade longissimus steaks (n=111) from between the 12th and 13th ribs were frozen at 14 days post-mortem, cut to 1-inch thickness, and thawed overnight for scanning, cooking, and obtaining slice shear force data. The model predicted three tenderness categories with 96.4% accuracy, correctly classifying 93 tender, nine intermediate and all five tough samples. One tender sample was misclassified as intermediate, and three intermediate samples were misclassified as tender. This hyperspectral imaging system was effective in predicting beef tenderness.

Evaluating Use Of Urinary Purine Derivative To Creatinine Ratio As An Estimate Of Microbial Protein Production In Steers, Grant Crawford, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Six ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were fed three diets varying in source and concentration of dietary protein to determine impacts on ruminal metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and microbial crude protein (MCP) production as estimated by urinary purine derivative:creatinine (PD:C) ratio. Steers were fed a steam-flaked corn (SFC)-based diet with or without 1.5% urea, or a corn milling byproduct-based diet. Feeding a corn milling by-product-based diet resulted in greater ruminal pH and less time below ruminal pH 5.6, total tract OM digestibility, and ruminal propionate concentration when compared with either SFC-based treatment. The by-product-based treatment produced greater PD:C and MCP production …

Comparison Of In Vivo Digestibility To In Vitro Digestibility Of Five Forages Fed To Steers, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, James C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Eight crossbred yearling steers were used in a Latin rectangle design to determine the in vivo digestibility of five different forages. Feed intakes were higher when steers were fed forages with higher IVDMD. In vivo digestibility of the hay used in this trial was highly correlated to in vitro digestibility. On average, in vitro DMD was 5.4 percentage units higher than in vivo digestibility. Including these five hay samples as standards for in vitro analysis allows researchers to compare samples analyzed across in vitro runs. It also allows researchers to adjust the in vitro DMD to in vivo DMD, which …

Using A Modified In-Vitro Procedure To Measure Corn Bran Buoyancy, Crystal D. Buckner, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald, Joshua R. Benton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An in vitro procedure was modified to estimate rumen buoyancy of corn bran and fiber types. Inoculum was obtained from two beef heifers and mixed with McDougall’s buffer then distributed to the in vitro tubes for 30 hours incubation at 100 °F. Fibrous material formed a matte layer which was measured to describe buoyancy. Tubes contained 6g of a feedlot-type diet with 7.5% fiber type (alfalfa hay, grass hay, corn silage, or corn stalks), with no replacement or 25% replacement of the remaining corn with corn bran. Buoyancy declined over time. Alfalfa hay had the most positive effect on buoyancy …

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitory Isoform Is Regulated Prior To Ovulation, Robin A. Ten Broeck, Debra T. Clopton, Jeremy L. Martin, Karl V. Moline, Jeffrey W. Bergman, Andrea S. Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

VEGF normally acts to stimulate vascular development (angiogenesis) and is necessary for ovulation of the dominant follicle. The inhibitory isoform blocks the actions of VEGF angiogenic isoforms; therefore, the objectives of the experiments were to identify the bovine inhibitory isoform, VEGF164b and to determine its expression prior to and after the LH surge. VEGF164b mRNA was upregulated prior to but did not change after the LH surge. Therefore, VEGF164b may be necessary for preparation of the dominant follicle prior to ovulation.

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Report And Their Purpose

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc.) of beef production. Obviously, the researcher cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore, he or she must sample the population. The use of statistics allows the researcher and readers of the Nebraska Beef Report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed …

Nebraska 2007 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Table of Contents

Cow/Calf
Utilization of Dried Distillers Grains for Developing Beef Heifers
Progestin Concentrations Alter Follicle Characteristics and May Affect Quality of Oocytes (Eggs)

Growing
Summary Analysis of Grazing Yearling Response to Distillers Grains
Dried Distillers Grains Substitute for Forage and Nitrogen on Pasture: N Dynamics and Use Efficiency
Comparing a Modified Dry Byproduct to Dry Distillers Grains with Solubles in Growing Calf Diets
Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage
Replacement of Forage with Dried Distillers Grains Reduces Ruminal Methane Production
Dried Distillers Grains as Creep Feed for Yearling Beef Cattle Grazing Sandhill …

Proceedings From The National Technology Assessment Workshop On Animal Assisted Programs For Youth At Risk, Jennifer Jackman (Ed.), Andrew N. Rowan (Ed.)

eBooks

Workshop held December 6-7, 2007 in Baltimore, Maryland

Co-sponsored by Humane Society of the United States and Center for Prevention of Youth Violence of the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health with support from the Laura J. Niles Foundation

Beta-Lactamase: An Ideal Reporter System For Monitoring Gene Expression In Live Eukaryotic Cells, Sohail A. Qureshi

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

To gain insightful information about the mechanisms through which genes are activated and repressed requires gene reporter systems that are sensitive, robust, and cost-effective. Although numerous reporter gene technologies are commercially available, none are as sophisticated and user-friendly as beta-lactamase (BLA) when it comes to studying gene expression in live cells. This article presents an overview of the BLA technology and describes how it can be exploited for studying rare events such as homologous recombination in somatic cells and be used to deliver any DNA sequence of choice anywhere within the genome.

Preparation And Photochemical Degradation Studies Of Tertiary Benzyl N-Nitrosocarbamates, Satya Nagaraju Addaganti Venkata

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

David Smith's Equivalence, Michael Schreyach

Art and Art History Faculty Research

Artists of David Smith's generation often sought to produce artworks that challenged the conventions of artistic "expression" and the expectations—technical, formal, psychological, interpretative—that accompanied them. Smith (like his contemporaries Stuart Davis, Willem de Kooning, and Arshile Gorky) was one of a group of artists whose formal innovations were guided both by a desire to align themselves with avant-garde art and by a pressing need to distance themselves from European affiliation. In Barnett Newman's words, these artists wanted to liberate themselves from "the impediments . . . of Western European painting" in order to "create images whose reality is self-evident and …

The Evolution Of Protein Components Of Insect Spermtail Axonemes, Lisa M. Griffith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Drosophilids spermtails are considered to be the peacock feathers of the world of sperm, by virtue of their incredible length. This extreme length may be supported by their use of a unique, specialized, testis-specific Beta2 tubulin. Beta2 has a highly stringent structure/function relationship to the Drosophilid spermtail axoneme, such that even small amino acid changes render it non-functional. How then, does this protein evolve, while maintaining is function? We hypothesize that it may need to co-evolve with other axonemal proteins. Here, one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the testes proteomes of several fly species in an …

On The Resolution Of System Generated User Interruption In Context-Aware Systems, Ashish Godbole

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Effect Of A Vaccine Product Containing Type Ill Secreted Proteins On The Probability Of Escherichia Coli 01 57:H7 Fecal Shedding And Mucosal Colonization In Feedlot Cattle, R. E. Peterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rodney A. Moxley, Galen E. Erickson, S. Hinkley, G. Bretschneider, E. Berberov, D. Rogan, David R. Smith

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Preharvest intervention strategies to reduce Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in cattle have been sought as a means to reduce human foodborne illness. A blinded clinical trial was conducted to test the effect of a vaccine product on the probability that feedlot steers, under conditions of natural exposure, shed E. coli 0157:H7 in feces, are colonized by this organism in the terminal rectum, or develop a humoral response to the respective antigens. Steers (n = 288) were assigned randomly to 36 pens (eight head per pen), and pens were randomized to vaccination treatment in a balanced fashion within six dietary treatments of …

Bachelor Degree Completions By College, 1997-2006, University Of New Hampshire. Institutional Research And Assessment

UNH Factbooks

University of New Hampshire factbook data from the 2006-2007 academic year

Faculty Excellence, University Of New Hampshire

Faculty Excellence Awards

Each year, the University of New Hampshire selects a small number of its outstanding faculty for special recognition of their achievements in teaching, scholarship and service. Awards for Excellence in Teaching are given in each college and school, and university-wide awards recognize public service, research, teaching and engagement. This booklet details the year's award winners' accomplishments in short profiles with photographs and text.

Graduate Degree Completions, 1997-2006, University Of New Hampshire. Institutional Research And Assessment

UNH Factbooks

University of New Hampshire factbook data from the 2006-2007 academic year

Spacecraft Loads Predictionvia Sensitivity Analysis And Optimization, Tom Braswell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Discrepancies between the predicted responses of a finite element analysis (FEA) and reference data from test results arise for many reasons. Some are due to measurement errors, such as inaccurate sensors, noise in the acquisition system or environmental effects. Some are due to analyst errors precipitated by a lack of familiarity with the modeling or solver software. Still others are introduced by uncertainty in the governing physical relations (linear versus non-linear behavior), boundary conditions or the element material/geometrical properties. It is the uncertainty effects introduced by this last group that this study seeks to redress. The objective is the obtainment …

Signal Processing Of An Ecg Signal In The Presence Of A Strong Static Magnetic Field, Aditya Gupta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation addresses the problem of elevation of the T wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the MRI, due to the strong static magnetic field the interaction of the blood flow with this strong magnetic field induces a voltage in the body. This voltage appears as a superimposition at the locus of the T wave of the ECG signal. This looses important information required by the doctors to interpret the ST segment of the ECG and detect diseases such as myocardial infarction. This dissertation aims at finding a solution to the problem of …

Learning Human Behavior From Observation For Gaming Applications, Christopher Moriarty

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The gaming industry has reached a point where improving graphics has only a small effect on how much a player will enjoy a game. One focus has turned to adding more humanlike characteristics into computer game agents. Machine learning techniques are being used scarcely in games, although they do offer powerful means for creating humanlike behaviors in agents. The first person shooter (FPS), Quake 2, is an open source game that offers a multi-agent environment to create game agents (bots) in. This work attempts to combine neural networks with a modeling paradigm known as context based reasoning (CxBR) to create …

Fate Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Species From A Black And Goldtm Nugget Mix In A Laboratoy Column Simulated Septic Tank Drainfiel, Timir Shah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The presence of nitrates and phosphorus in ground water is a worldwide problem. A septic tank with drainfield that is conventionally designed does not typically remove nitrogen in the form of nitrates. The main risks are in "Blue baby" syndrome and suspected carcinogenic effect of nitrates on humans and the nutrient enrichment of receiving waters. In some areas nitrate and phosphorus removal are essentially required. Thus the information in this report concentrates on using media in the drainfield for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Extensive work has been conducted in the past few decades in order to find suitable …

Image-Space Approach To Real-Time Realistic Rendering, Musawir Shah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the main goals of computer graphics is the fast synthesis of photorealistic image of virtual 3D scenes. The work presented in this thesis addresses this goal of speed and realism. In real-time realistic rendering, we encounter certain problems that are difficult to solve in the traditional 3-dimensional geometric space. We show that using an image-space approach can provide effective solutions to these problems. Unlike geometric space algorithms that operate on 3D primitives such as points, edges, and polygons, image-space algorithms operate on 2D snapshot images of the 3D geometric data. Operating in image-space effectively decouples the geometric complexity …