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2006

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Designing Engineering Education; Development Of Design Education Model For Engineers, Jihoon Kim, Myung-Suk Kim Nov 2006

Designing Engineering Education; Development Of Design Education Model For Engineers, Jihoon Kim, Myung-Suk Kim

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This research focuses on development of model used in teaching ‘Design Thinking’ to students majoring in engineering with emphasis on creative ideation and expression, and its application examples. Following the Second World War, educational circles in the area of engineering, due to excessive influence of Engineering Science, have come to concentrate relatively more on analysis of phenomenon and theoretical research rather than traditional format of engineering education, which places importance on visual thinking and actual experience, in development of curriculum. This research presents the process of development of new educational model in order to introduce core educational program of design …

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Industrial Design As Contributor To Relieving Child Anxiety In The Course Of Mri Scanning Procedures., S C Coxon Nov 2006

Industrial Design As Contributor To Relieving Child Anxiety In The Course Of Mri Scanning Procedures., S C Coxon

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now a widely used diagnostic imaging procedure that has been employed throughout hospitals all over the world for over twenty years. MRI technology allows doctors and specialists to examine internal parts of the human body such as the brain and spinal chord, without invasive procedures. Studies show that children frequently find MRI scanning daunting and occasionally frightening despite the examinations non-invasive qualities. The principle contributors to this negative experience have been identified as the sterile ambiance of the hospital environment, the claustrophobic tunnel or bore that the patient lies within, the overly warm temperatures, high …

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Towards A Design Methodology For Applying Intuitive, A L Blackler, V Popovic, D P Mahar Nov 2006

Towards A Design Methodology For Applying Intuitive, A L Blackler, V Popovic, D P Mahar

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.

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Designing Product Character: Strategy To Evaluate Product Preference And Map Design Direction, Low Chee Siong Edwin, Ching Chiuan Yen Nov 2006

Designing Product Character: Strategy To Evaluate Product Preference And Map Design Direction, Low Chee Siong Edwin, Ching Chiuan Yen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

According to Janlert and Stolterman (1997), “people, as well as things, have character- high level attributes that help us understand and relate to them.” de Bont et al. (1992) argues that users will prefer a product with characteristics that best match their needs or personality. As such, to influence user’s preference on a product, it is essential for the character of the product to be coherent with the user’s character. This is attempted by investigating products as “living objects”, eliciting specific characteristics or character attributes similar to the user. Though the concept of regarding products as animate objects is not …

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Human Augmentation: Transference Of Design Approaches From Designing For Sports To Designing For Disability, J L Allen Nov 2006

Human Augmentation: Transference Of Design Approaches From Designing For Sports To Designing For Disability, J L Allen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper begins by considering the dichotomy between the design of sporting goods and the design of disability products, with an intent to identify some ways in which disability products can become more socially acceptable and even desirable. The role of material artefacts in the creation and propagation of individual- and social-identity is discussed in an attempt to highlight the importance that design can have in ameliorating self-image and public-image of people with disabilities. The paper goes on to discuss a design project carried out in two parts in an Undergraduate Industrial Design studio class to explore the notion of …

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Architectural Thought Experiments, Verisimilitude And Argumentation In Predicting Architectural Quality, J.L. Heintz Nov 2006

Architectural Thought Experiments, Verisimilitude And Argumentation In Predicting Architectural Quality, J.L. Heintz

DRS Biennial Conference Series

they must predict the future. In this paper, I make a modest proposal for assisting in such ‘predictions’ – a method for testing the degree to which the designed building will actually meet the goals of the client and designer. Combining thought experiments, as used in physics, and Ensembles of Use as proposed by Richard Hill, the tool I propose here – the architectural thought experiment – will, I hope, have the advantage of speed, and can (at least partly) fulfill the role played by physical testing. Through examining the strengths and weaknesses of these and other existing methodologies, I …

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Evaluating Creativity In Design Problem Solving, H Casakin, S Kreitler Nov 2006

Evaluating Creativity In Design Problem Solving, H Casakin, S Kreitler

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This study focused on the assessment of creativity in design problem solving. The purpose was to examine the possibility of grounding the definition of creativity in design in parameters that may be assessed objectively. An empirical research was carried out with students of architecture from first to fifth years. Their design outputs were evaluated by expert judges. The assessment of creativity in design was based on a number of factors dealing with: fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and innovation, as well as aesthetic skills in design representation, fulfillment of design requirements, reference to context, and usefulness. Findings showed that the evaluation of …

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Reading Science Fiction Novels As An Architectural Research Method: The Case Study Of J. G. Ballard’S High Rise, Zeynep Tuna Ultav Nov 2006

Reading Science Fiction Novels As An Architectural Research Method: The Case Study Of J. G. Ballard’S High Rise, Zeynep Tuna Ultav

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The aim of this paper is to suggest a new approach in producing architectural knowledge through the realm of discourse by systematizing the social and spatial clues within science fiction literature. In this sense, the departure point is the notion of interdisciplinarity, which expresses the relationship of modern research methods with several other disciplines. Considering the potential of interdisciplinary aspect of architecture, the scope of this paper is several parallel aspects between architectural discourse and the spatiality of literature proposed through the case study of J. G. Ballard’s novel High Rise. In this sense, an architectural research on the phenomenon …

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A Guide To Methods For Small And Medium Sized Enterprises (Smes) Designing For New Markets, Based On Cultural Research Experiences, M. Haarakoski, M.E. Johansson, J. Lundberg Nov 2006

A Guide To Methods For Small And Medium Sized Enterprises (Smes) Designing For New Markets, Based On Cultural Research Experiences, M. Haarakoski, M.E. Johansson, J. Lundberg

DRS Biennial Conference Series

One factor determining an industrially produced product’s success is how well it complies with customer needs. When small and medium size enterprises (SME) launch products onto new foreign markets, it is important to conduct cultural research to take customer design preferences in to consideration. This study, based on experiences from field studies in three countries, the USA, South Korea and Germany, can offer the SME´s designer with guidance of how to collect information about cultural design preferences in practice. The aim is to show the SME how to conduct design studies by themselves and what the benefits are of doing …

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Value Compensating Strategies, S Boztepe Nov 2006

Value Compensating Strategies, S Boztepe

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper aims to provide insights into how users respond when products fail to deliver value. It is based on a cross-cultural ethnographic study on users’ value assignment to kitchen appliances. Findings suggest that users tend to develop some way of making up for the low value delivered by the product. The ways of dealing with the problem of increasing the practical and social outcomes of interaction with products are called value-compensating strategies. The paper describes the applications of these value strategies with (1) unique local products, (2) products that are owned but not used, (3) products used in a …

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The Research Exhibition: Context, Interpretation, And Knowledge Creation, K. Niedderer, M. A. R. Biggs, M. Ferris Nov 2006

The Research Exhibition: Context, Interpretation, And Knowledge Creation, K. Niedderer, M. A. R. Biggs, M. Ferris

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper, we investigate the problem of the nature, role and purpose of the research exhibition. The problem arises from the desire of practitioner-researchers to use the exhibition as a research tool. However, at present it is not clear whether, and in which way, the research exhibition is different from an ordinary exhibition, nor what its particular contribution to research might be. We investigate the problem of the research exhibition in relation to the conventional art/design exhibition as a familiar medium of communication in art & design. We compare the aims of research and practice, and we analyse how …

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A Preliminary Study Of Learnable Pictogram Languages, Ting-Ju Lin, Michael A R Biggs Nov 2006

A Preliminary Study Of Learnable Pictogram Languages, Ting-Ju Lin, Michael A R Biggs

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Pictogram languages that are based on a non-phonetic idea were the earliest symbols such as Cuneiform and Chinese in oracle-bone (Rogers, 20005). In the other words, pictogram languages have existed ever since the Egyptian hieroglyphs around 3000BC and Chinese Oracle-bone scripts from about 1400 to 1200 BC (Robinson, 1995). The two writing systems are composed of pictograms, and most parts of them are also based on non-phonetics. Users of hieroglyphs and Chinese Oracle-bone scripts had to learn the symbols which resembled the meanings and natural object they represented. This article suggests that non-phonetic pictogram languages are learnable with examples, like: …

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Interaction Design And Design Management: Challenges For Industrial Interaction Design In Software And System Development, Stefan Holmlid Nov 2006

Interaction Design And Design Management: Challenges For Industrial Interaction Design In Software And System Development, Stefan Holmlid

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design management systems have been developed and researched for traditional product and service industries. For interaction design little research has been performed on design management. The objective of this paper is to describe aspects of and provisions for industrial interaction design that influence approaches to design management within system and software development. We discuss whether there are specific conditions for design management of interaction design within the software and system development industries. The research is based on three short case studies from industrial software development. We identify some of these specific conditions; the difference between a usage and a product …

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Circularity, Power And The Technologies Of Seeing: Panopticism And Its Antithesis As Spatial Archetypes Of Visual Contraception In Space, Michael Chapman, Michael Ostwald Nov 2006

Circularity, Power And The Technologies Of Seeing: Panopticism And Its Antithesis As Spatial Archetypes Of Visual Contraception In Space, Michael Chapman, Michael Ostwald

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The evolution of post-structuralism as the intellectual paradigm of the second half of the Twentieth Century was accompanied by a simultaneous critical discourse concerned with the relationship between space and power. Central to this discourse is the work of the French intellectual Michel Foucault, whose analyses of the disciplinary societies of the Nineteenth Century established the multivalent tactics of power and its affiliations with architectural space. Through his examinations of hospitals, mental asylums, prisons and educational institutions Foucault demonstrated the way that space co-operated with authoritarian principles to turn communities into individuals and subsequently those individuals into subjects. Foucault termed …

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Teaching Interaction Design: Matters, Materials And Means, S Lundgren, O Torgersson, L Hallnäs, P Ljungstrand, E Eriksson Nov 2006

Teaching Interaction Design: Matters, Materials And Means, S Lundgren, O Torgersson, L Hallnäs, P Ljungstrand, E Eriksson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The designer works with people, with materials, with products. Designers are seen as people concerned with form, function and surface. But how often is the designer associated with technology? Still programming can be just as a creative activity as drawing. Deriving from experiences from the discipline of Interaction Design, we advocate a wider view on what a designer is and does by describing how we treat computational technology as any other design material and how we train engineering students and others into becoming designers in a technology-oriented environment. Our method to create an education in applied Interaction Design lends ideas …

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Human Centering Design Across Dimensions, B. Hanington Nov 2006

Human Centering Design Across Dimensions, B. Hanington

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The uneven application of human centered research and design across disciplines is evident in both practice and education. In particular, graphic or communication design is much less familiar than industrial or interaction design with human research and testing. The underlying human criteria for design activity should know no dimensional boundaries. The creation of printed material to convey information, digital interfaces for devices or web-based interactions, and three-dimensional products and environments, all share a foundation of human use. There is no reason why any design discipline should be disadvantaged in the sensitivity to human factors, and therefore in the exposure to …

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Both Generic Design And Different Forms Of Designing, W. J. Visser Nov 2006

Both Generic Design And Different Forms Of Designing, W. J. Visser

DRS Biennial Conference Series

We combine the hypothesis of "generic design" with that of different "forms" of designing. From a cognitive viewpoint, we adhere to the generic-design hypothesis: there are both significant similarities between the design activities implemented in different application domains and crucial differences between these and other cognitive activities. Yet, we suppose that the nature of the artifact under design introduces specificities in the corresponding design activities. This paper is concerned with the dimensions underlying such different forms of designing. We propose a series of candidates for dimensions. The material presented sketches a number of possible directions that need further elaboration.

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The Evolution Of The Mars Daisy, A Woodcock, J Burns, E Gaura, R.M. Newman, S Mount Nov 2006

The Evolution Of The Mars Daisy, A Woodcock, J Burns, E Gaura, R.M. Newman, S Mount

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper traces the evolution of the Mars Daisy animation; a visualisation developed to initiate collaboration between two groups within the university, enhance communication and understanding within the Cogent Computing Group, publicise an expanding, difficult area of research and enrich the learning experiences of students.

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Defending The Domestic Environment From Advertising: The Commercial Rhetoric Art Project, Steven Mccarthy Nov 2006

Defending The Domestic Environment From Advertising: The Commercial Rhetoric Art Project, Steven Mccarthy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Commercial Rhetoric Art Project examines advertising’s impact on the domestic environment through a body of creative work. By applying the methodologies of collage, montage and assemblage, commercial messages were subverted, juxtaposed and recontextualized into a critique of consumer culture. Issues of consumption, waste and sustainability are raised, and the role that graphic designers play in this system is questioned.

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A New Look At Design Thinking: Research In Progress, Rob Cowdroy, Michael Ostwald, Anthony Williams Nov 2006

A New Look At Design Thinking: Research In Progress, Rob Cowdroy, Michael Ostwald, Anthony Williams

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper reports on work in progress in a programme of highly innovative cross-disciplinary collaborative research into design thinking. This research programme departs from current reductivist theoretical approaches to design including computational and neuroscience models; instead the programme uses empirical methods from behavioural and cognitive psychology, social anthropology and neuropsychology to study elite designers at work. Designers are usually characterised as creative individuals who work alone and autonomously, and design education is almost universally oriented accordingly. In practice, however, designers also typically work in two other key environments: in design teams and in interaction with computers in CAD environments. Pilot …

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Critical Reflections On Design And Emotion, Artemis Yagou Nov 2006

Critical Reflections On Design And Emotion, Artemis Yagou

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design communities have recently witnessed a growing interest in the role of emotions. This interest has produced, among other things, a series of emotion-related events and publications which have brought to the foreground a considerable amount of relevant projects. This paper looks with a critical eye at this dynamically developing domain, questions its originality, discusses the conditions of its emergence and comments on its substance. As historical aspects of design suggest, emotion in design is as old an approach as industrial design itself. The renewed preoccupation with emotion has been favoured by the dominance of pleasure-oriented branding and marketing which …

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Framing A Learning-Based Approach To Interactive System Design, J. Choi, K. Sato Nov 2006

Framing A Learning-Based Approach To Interactive System Design, J. Choi, K. Sato

DRS Biennial Conference Series

When users interact with an interactive system to achieve goals, their knowledge is utilized, accumulated and generated, formulating and continuously modifying their mental models of the system. This process can be considered the users’ learning process of the system. The goal of this research is to identify users’ learning process through interaction, as well as to provide system designers with the knowledge on this process, so that they can employ such knowledge into the design process. This paper, in particular, investigates the relevant literature to form the standpoint of the overall research. The survey encompasses theories and methodologies from three …

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Expanding The Boundaries Of Form Theory Developing The Model Evolution Of Form, C Akner. Koler Nov 2006

Expanding The Boundaries Of Form Theory Developing The Model Evolution Of Form, C Akner. Koler

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The design research community is beginning to recognize the organizing capacity of form as a scientific method of its own right. The aim of this study was to a) develop a pedagogically framed case study method that applied a participatory action research approach and b) create a 3-D form model bridging geometric- to organic structures. A 10-step-concept-translation-form method was developed which resulted in a “Evolution of form” model with two axes: The first horizontal axis presents a sequence of geometrically derived forms that gradually take on organic qualities of convexities and concavities. The second axis expands the model in a …

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Design: Category Formation, Prototypicality And (Aesthetic) Preference, M R Ranta Nov 2006

Design: Category Formation, Prototypicality And (Aesthetic) Preference, M R Ranta

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Cognitive psychology has, to a considerable extent, investigated the capacity of humans and other living creatures to categorize objects and events. The formation of categories enables us to apply previous experiences to new ones, to make inferences, to make predictions about the future, and they provide efficiency in communication - just to mention a few examples. Important questions, however, are how categories arise at all (i.e. whether, or to what extent, they are the result of environmental features or constructive processes on the part of the categorizer), and how they are represented in consciousness. Numerous cognitive psychologists have, following the …

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Studying Design Engineers Use Of Information Systems: Which Variables To Control For?, J. Restrepo Nov 2006

Studying Design Engineers Use Of Information Systems: Which Variables To Control For?, J. Restrepo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Studying information usage by design engineers involves considering technical, social, cognitive and volitional factors. This makes it challenging, especially for researchers without a cognitive psychology background. This paper presents a summary of key findings in researching information use and processing in design, discusses important issues on the selection of a research strategy and sums up the important variables that need to be controlled for.

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When Is A New Thing A Good Thing? Technological Change, Product Form Design And Perceptions Of Value For Product Innovations, Antoaneta Petkova, Violina Rindova Nov 2006

When Is A New Thing A Good Thing? Technological Change, Product Form Design And Perceptions Of Value For Product Innovations, Antoaneta Petkova, Violina Rindova

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Organizational scholars recognize the importance of customers’ perceptions for the successful adoption and diffusion of product innovations. Yet most studies have focused on how innovating firms develop necessary new competencies and learn about customers’ needs rather than on how customers’ perceptions may be influenced by the firms’ technological and design choices. Drawing on psychological research, we argue that innovations with different degrees of novelty present customers with different degrees of incongruity, thereby triggering varying cognitive and emotional responses, which have varying effects on customers’ perceptions of the value potential of product innovations. We develop a framework that articulates how firms …

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The Role Of Design Eureka In Design Thinking, Yi-Cheng Chiang Nov 2006

The Role Of Design Eureka In Design Thinking, Yi-Cheng Chiang

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Most of design researches have paid attention to the rational aspect of design, such as systematic process, design reasoning, design knowledge and so on. However, flashes of insight really occur in many designs. By protocol analysis, the present paper studies such a particular thinking phenomenon of design—the so-called ‘design eureka’. Design eureka always occurs suddenly and is so slippery to catch and to explain. Before design eureka can be understood by analysis, it is the first task to capture it successfully. This paper aims to develop an effective method of describing design eureka in order to have further analysis possible. …

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A Constructivist Approach To Wayfinding Map Studies: Construction Of Spatial Knowledge In People-Map-Space Interactions, Christopher Kueh Nov 2006

A Constructivist Approach To Wayfinding Map Studies: Construction Of Spatial Knowledge In People-Map-Space Interactions, Christopher Kueh

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Effective wayfinding map design requires the application of knowledge about how people interact with maps and the actual environment. This paper presents a research that applied constructivist perspectives to study the ways people construct individual spatial knowledge by interacting with maps and the actual environment. The findings revealed that people construct spatial knowledge based on experience and active interactions with entities in a specific built environment.

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Use-Inspired Basic Research: Improved Understanding And Innovative Products - A Case Study, D. Steffen Nov 2006

Use-Inspired Basic Research: Improved Understanding And Innovative Products - A Case Study, D. Steffen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper explores the interplay between disciplinary knowledge creation in basic and applied design research on the one hand and experimental design on the other. As part of my dissertation, several case studies were analysed among them a long-term research project which was conducted at the C_Lab for customization design at the Academy of Art and Design Offenbach, Germany. Subject-matter of this research were the various implications and effects, that digital technology will have on design, on product semantics, the role of the designer and the user as co-designer. It included questions and hypothesis basic for design as well as …

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Self-Mutilation In Adolescents: Recognizing A Silent Epidemic, Constance Glenn, Susan M. Denisco Nov 2006

Self-Mutilation In Adolescents: Recognizing A Silent Epidemic, Constance Glenn, Susan M. Denisco

Nursing Faculty Publications

This article describes the physical and emotional manifestations of self-mutilation behavior (SMB) in adolescents and provides information about diagnosis and treatment. The authors' own survey of school nurses' on-the-job experience with SMB is presented. Finally, the implications of the problem for nurse practitioners (NPs) who care for teens at risk for SMB are discussed.

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