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2006

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On The Divergent American Reactions To Terrorism And Climate Change, Cass R. Sunstein Jun 2006

On The Divergent American Reactions To Terrorism And Climate Change, Cass R. Sunstein

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Two of the most important sources of catastrophic risk are terrorism and climate change. The United States has responded aggressively to the risk of terrorism while doing very little about the risk of climate change. For the United States alone, the cost of the Iraq war is now in excess of the anticipated cost of the Kyoto Protocol. The divergence presents a puzzle; it also raises more general questions about both risk perception and the public demand for legislation. The best explanation for the divergence emphasizes bounded rationality. Americans believe that aggressive steps to reduce the risk of terrorism promise …

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Why Intensive Agriculturalists Have Higher Fertility: A Household Energy Budget Approach, James L. Boone, Karen L. Kramer Jun 2006

Why Intensive Agriculturalists Have Higher Fertility: A Household Energy Budget Approach, James L. Boone, Karen L. Kramer

Anthropology Faculty & Staff Publications

It is widely held that human population growth rates began to increase markedly after the Pleistocene/Holocene transition largely as a consequence of the adoption of agriculture and sedentism. A common explanation for this increase in growth rates has been that circumstances associated with food production and/or the accompanying decrease in mobility allowed for higher fertility rates, but over the past decade a number of empirical studies and simulation analyses have revealed that the relationship between mode of subsistence and fertility is more complex than had previously been realized.

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The Evolution Of Thought, Jennifer Vonk Jun 2006

The Evolution Of Thought, Jennifer Vonk

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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University Reporter - Volume 10, Number 10 - June 2006 Jun 2006

University Reporter - Volume 10, Number 10 - June 2006

1996-2009, University Reporter

This issue of the University Reporter includes articles about the 2006 commencement ceremony and commencement speaker Senator Barack Obama, the recipient of the first annual Empower Disabled Fund Award, the appointment of Steve Crosby as founding dean of the John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy Studies, and other news from UMass Boston.

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Dry Season Macrofungi Of The Monteverde Reserve, June 2006, Sara Williams Jun 2006

Dry Season Macrofungi Of The Monteverde Reserve, June 2006, Sara Williams

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Fungi make up a great portion of the biodiversity of the planet, yet they remain poorly described and sorely understudied. Generally, fungi field guides are only available at the country level. A database for the macrofungi of the Monteverde Reserve was started in the fall of 2005, creating an identification guide at the local level. The aim of this study was to add samples to the database, expanding particularly to include fungi specimens of the dry season. The main goal of establishing a macrofungi database of the area is to induce and facilitate additional fungi research.

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Food Choice In Frugivorous Bats, June 2006, Lauren Riegler Jun 2006

Food Choice In Frugivorous Bats, June 2006, Lauren Riegler

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Frugivorous bats are important dispersers for many tropical plants and their conservation depends on furthering knowledge in their foraging behaviors and food preferences (Brosset et al. 1996). This study investigated a possible fruit preference of five frugivorous bat species (Carollia brevicauda, Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus jamaicensis, Artibeus toltecus and Platyrrhinus vittatus) found in Monteverde, Costa Rica among three wild fruit species (Solanum umbellatum, Solanum aphyodendron and Ficus pertusa) and two cultivated fruit species (Musa accuminata and Carica papaya). Fruits were presented to the bats in the Bat Jungle of Monteverde, where the foraging of bats can be closely observed. Artibeus toltecus …

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Streambed Substrate Composition And Macroinvertebrate Communities In The Presence Of A Dam, June 2006, Julia Goldstein Jun 2006

Streambed Substrate Composition And Macroinvertebrate Communities In The Presence Of A Dam, June 2006, Julia Goldstein

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

The construction of dams to satiate human year-round water needs has been so extensive in the past 50 years that small streams are some of the world’s only water flows to still run unregulated (Allan, 1995; Vitousek et al., 1997). That said, plenty of small stream water regimes are regulated, and the effects of this on biodiversity are under-investigated, especially in the tropics (Allan, 1995). In this study the effects of a small dam on the physical environment and macroinvertebrate communities of a tropical montane stream, the Quebrada Máquina, in Monteverde, Costa Rica, were analyzed. Substrate composition, temperature and macroinvertebrate …

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Effects Of Weevil Parasitismo N A Cecropia-Azteca Mutualism, June 2006, Scott J. Edmundson Jun 2006

Effects Of Weevil Parasitismo N A Cecropia-Azteca Mutualism, June 2006, Scott J. Edmundson

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Mutualisms, beneficial interactions between organisms, are complex and often involve many species. Parasites on mutualisms disrupt the energy exchange and recycling between the mutually benefited species. This experiment explores the mutualism between Cecropia obtusifolia and Azteca xanthacroa and the effects of a parasitic disruption. Levels of fitness were estimated for sapling C. obtusifolia by measuring Müllerian body production and leaf herbivory. In addition, fitness levels of ants were ascertained by using the number of ants actively patrolling the top four nodes of the sapling as an estimation of the colony number. Results demonstrated that the Müllerian body production rate is …

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Stomatal Density And Aperture In Four Species Of Pleurothallid Orchids (Orchidaceae), June 2006, Kristen Becklund Jun 2006

Stomatal Density And Aperture In Four Species Of Pleurothallid Orchids (Orchidaceae), June 2006, Kristen Becklund

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

This experiment explored stomata density and aperture in four different species of epiphytic orchids in the sub-tribe Pleurothallidinae. Pleurothallids are likely to exhibit stomatal adaptations that reduce transpirational water loss because they are subject to the xeric conditions of the canopy environment and lack water-storing pseudobulbs. I calculated daytime and nighttime frequencies of open stomata on leaves of Masdevallia chasei, M. striatella, Lepanthes monteverdensis, and L. ciliisepala in order to test their ability to respond to environmental fluctuations in the short term. In order to see if pleurothallids can respond adaptively to water stress over longer time scales, I calculated …

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Motivation In Extreme Environments: A Case Study Of Polar Explorer Pen, Juliette C. Lloyd, Michael J. Apter Jun 2006

Motivation In Extreme Environments: A Case Study Of Polar Explorer Pen, Juliette C. Lloyd, Michael J. Apter

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

This study documents the motives of a polar explorer, Pen Hadow, during the period of a 64-day solo expedition in which he skied, without resupply by aircraft, from Canada to the North Geographic Pole. The framework of reversal theory (Apter, 1982) was used to provide a systematic and comprehensive structure for studying such motivation in an extreme environment. Quantitative data were obtained by using the Apter Record of Motivational States. Qualitative data came from interviews structured in terms of reversal theory. The main result was that the explorer needed at different times to call upon all the eight motivational states …

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Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology Screening For Hepatitis C Virus And Human Immunodeficiency Virus For Blood Donations, Mohammad S. Bamaga, Fawzi F. Bokhari, Abdulrahaman M. Aboud, Meshal Al-Malki, Faris Q. Alenzi Jun 2006

Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology Screening For Hepatitis C Virus And Human Immunodeficiency Virus For Blood Donations, Mohammad S. Bamaga, Fawzi F. Bokhari, Abdulrahaman M. Aboud, Meshal Al-Malki, Faris Q. Alenzi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the performance of the commercial Roche COBAS AmpliScreen assay, and demonstrate whether the COBAS AmpliScreen human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) test, v1.5, and COBAS AmpliScreen hepatitis C virus (HCV) v 2.0 for screening for HIV-1 and HCV RNA in the donated blood units from which plasma mini pools were collected, by nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT), could detect the positive pools and reduce the risk of transmission of infections for those routinely tested by serological assays. METHODS: The study was performed on 3288 plasma samples collected from blood donors in a period of 13 months, from August 2004 …

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Emergency Room Cases Of Mushroom Poisoning, Abdulkerim Yilmaz, Sinan Gursoy, Osman Varol, Naim Nur, Esin Ozyilkan Jun 2006

Emergency Room Cases Of Mushroom Poisoning, Abdulkerim Yilmaz, Sinan Gursoy, Osman Varol, Naim Nur, Esin Ozyilkan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern of mushroom poisoning in adults. METHODS: We investigated patients presenting at the Emergency Room, Medical School Hospital, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey between 1999 and 2003 with complaints of mushroom poisoning. They were kept under observation in the emergency unit and Anesthesia Department intensive care unit. We evaluated the demographical features of the patients, laboratory data, vital signs, and applied treatment and results. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients aged between 19-72 (40.27 ± 16.09) were studied, 52 were females (67%), and 26 were males (33%). It was established that 90% (70) of the patients had picked wild mushrooms, and …

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Reviewing The Correspondence Section In The Saudi Medical Journal 2000-2004, Mustafa Afifi Jun 2006

Reviewing The Correspondence Section In The Saudi Medical Journal 2000-2004, Mustafa Afifi

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Acta Carsologica Annotated Bibliography Of Karst Publications, No. 14, Inštitut Za Raziskovanje Krasa (Slovenska Akademija Znanosti In Umetnosti), Andrej Kranjc Jun 2006

Acta Carsologica Annotated Bibliography Of Karst Publications, No. 14, Inštitut Za Raziskovanje Krasa (Slovenska Akademija Znanosti In Umetnosti), Andrej Kranjc

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

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Taming The Next Set Of Strategic Weapons Threats, Henry D. Sokolski Mr. Jun 2006

Taming The Next Set Of Strategic Weapons Threats, Henry D. Sokolski Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Missile defense and unmanned air vehicle related technologies, are proliferating for a variety of perfectly defensive and peaceful civilian applications. This same know-how can be used to defeat U.S. and allied air and missile defenses in new ways that are far more stressful than the existing set of ballistic missile threats. Unfortunately, the Missile Technology Control Regime is not yet optimized to cope with these challenges. Nuclear technologies have become much more difficult to control since new centrifuge uranium enrichment facilities and relatively small fuel reprocessing plants can now be built and hidden much more readily than nuclear fuel-making plants …

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Taming The Next Set Of Strategic Weapons Threats, Henry D. Sokolski Mr. Jun 2006

Taming The Next Set Of Strategic Weapons Threats, Henry D. Sokolski Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Missile defense and unmanned air vehicle related technologies, are proliferating for a variety of perfectly defensive and peaceful civilian applications. This same know-how can be used to defeat U.S. and allied air and missile defenses in new ways that are far more stressful than the existing set of ballistic missile threats. Unfortunately, the Missile Technology Control Regime is not yet optimized to cope with these challenges. Nuclear technologies have become much more difficult to control since new centrifuge uranium enrichment facilities and relatively small fuel reprocessing plants can now be built and hidden much more readily than nuclear fuel-making plants …

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Clean-Water Land Use: Connecting Scale And Function, Craig Anthony Arnold Jun 2006

Clean-Water Land Use: Connecting Scale And Function, Craig Anthony Arnold

Pace Environmental Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Water Quality And Land Use Regulation Under The Water Framework Directive, William Howarth Jun 2006

Water Quality And Land Use Regulation Under The Water Framework Directive, William Howarth

Pace Environmental Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Is International Environmental Law Really Law?: An Analysis Of Application In Domestic Courts, Carl Bruch Jun 2006

Is International Environmental Law Really Law?: An Analysis Of Application In Domestic Courts, Carl Bruch

Pace Environmental Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Factors Influencing Soil Invertebrate Communities In Riparian Grasslands Of The Central Platte River Floodplain, Craig A. Davis, Jane E. Austin, Deborah A. Buhl Jun 2006

Factors Influencing Soil Invertebrate Communities In Riparian Grasslands Of The Central Platte River Floodplain, Craig A. Davis, Jane E. Austin, Deborah A. Buhl

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

In the Platte River Valley of central Nebraska, USA, riparian grasslands (also known as wet meadows) have been severely impacted by a reduction in river flows, causing lower ground-water levels and altered seasonal hydroperiods. The potential impacts of these hydrologic changes, as well as the environmental factors that influence wet meadow soil invertebrate communities, are not well understood. An understanding of the ecological processes that influence these invertebrate communities is crucial for maintaining and restoring wet meadows along the Platte River. Our objectives were to describe the soil invertebrate community of wet meadows throughout the growing season and to examine …

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Significance Of Heat-Stable And Heat-Labile Enterotoxins In Porcine Colibacillosis In An Additive Model For Pathogenicity Studies, Weiping Zhang, Emil M. Berberov, Jessica Freeling, D. He, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis Jun 2006

Significance Of Heat-Stable And Heat-Labile Enterotoxins In Porcine Colibacillosis In An Additive Model For Pathogenicity Studies, Weiping Zhang, Emil M. Berberov, Jessica Freeling, D. He, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Although heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) have been documented as important factors associated with diarrheal diseases, investigations assessing the contributions of individual enterotoxins to the pathogenesis of E. coli infection have been limited. To address the individual roles of enterotoxins in the diarrheal disease caused by K88-positive ETEC in young pigs, enterotoxin-positive and -negative isogenic E. coli strains were constructed by using pBR322 to clone and express LT and STb. Four strains, K88+ astA, K88+ astA/pBR322, K88+ astA STb+, and K88+ astA LT+, were constructed …

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The Inadequacy Of Forrester System Dynamics Computer Programs For Institutional Principles Of Hierarchy, Feedback, And Openness, F. Gregory Hayden Jun 2006

The Inadequacy Of Forrester System Dynamics Computer Programs For Institutional Principles Of Hierarchy, Feedback, And Openness, F. Gregory Hayden

College of Business: Faculty Publications

The purpose here is to discuss the institutional systems principles of hierarchy, feedback, and openness, and to explain the inadequacy of Forrester-type system dynamics programs to apply those principles.

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A New Species Of Myxidium (Myxosporea: Myxidiidae), From The Western Chorus Frog, Pseudacris Triseriata Triseriata, And Blanchard's Cricket Frog, Acris Crepitans Blanchardi (Hylidae), From Eastern Nebraska: Morphology, Phylogeny, And Critical Comments On Amphibian Myxidium Taxonomy, Miloslav Jirků, Matthew G. Bolek, Christopher M. Whipps, John J. Janovy Jr., Mike L. Kent, David Modrý Jun 2006

A New Species Of Myxidium (Myxosporea: Myxidiidae), From The Western Chorus Frog, Pseudacris Triseriata Triseriata, And Blanchard's Cricket Frog, Acris Crepitans Blanchardi (Hylidae), From Eastern Nebraska: Morphology, Phylogeny, And Critical Comments On Amphibian Myxidium Taxonomy, Miloslav Jirků, Matthew G. Bolek, Christopher M. Whipps, John J. Janovy Jr., Mike L. Kent, David Modrý

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

During March 2001-April 2004, 164 adult anurans of 6 species (47 Rana blairi, 35 Rana catesbeiana, 31 Hyla chrysoscelis, 31 Pseudacris triseriata triseriata, 11 Bufo woodhousii, and 9 Acris crepitans blanchardi) from Pawnee Lake, Lancaster County, Nebraska, were surveyed for myxozoan parasites. Of these, 20 of 31 (65%) P. triseriata triseriata and 1 of 9 (11%) A. crepitans blanchardi were infected with a new species of Myxidium. Myxidium melleni n. sp. (Myxosporea) is described from the gallbladder of the western chorus frog, P. triseriata triseriata (Hylidae). This is the second species of Myxidium …

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Quorum Sensing In Dimorphic Fungi: Farnesol And Beyond, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Audrey L. Atkin, Jacob M. Hornby Jun 2006

Quorum Sensing In Dimorphic Fungi: Farnesol And Beyond, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Audrey L. Atkin, Jacob M. Hornby

Papers in Microbiology

Production of farnesol by Candida albicans is the first quorum- sensing system discovered in a eukaryote (29). In C. albicans, accumulated farnesol affects both dimorphism (29, 50) and biofilm formation (62). Fungal dimorphism is defined (64) as an environmentally controlled reversible interconversion of morphology, particularly yeast and mycelial morphologies. Interest in this shift derives from the dimorphic character of many fungi that are pathogenic toward plants and animals (64). Numerous chemical and environmental parameters can shift the yeast-mycelium dimorphism, including temperature, pH, glucose levels, nitrogen source, carbon dioxide levels, transition metals, chelating agents, and inoculum size or initial cell …

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The Impact Of Periodontal Infections On Systemic Diseases. An Update For Medical Practitioners, Sukumaran Anil, Hamdan S. Al-Ghamdi Jun 2006

The Impact Of Periodontal Infections On Systemic Diseases. An Update For Medical Practitioners, Sukumaran Anil, Hamdan S. Al-Ghamdi

Saudi Medical Journal

Oral health status is an integral component of a general health and well-being of an individual. Knowledge about the link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases are growing rapidly. Increasing evidence is available from many investigators to indicate periodontitis as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, low birth weight infants and pulmonary diseases. Both epidemiologists and researchers in oral microbiology have contributed significantly to the new paradigm of periodontal disease. Although additional studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which such associations exist; available research clearly demonstrates that oral diseases and conditions are not only markers for …

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Comparison Of Curative And Palliative Radiotherapy Efficacy In Unresectable Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Or Without Metastasis, Ismet Unlu, Gulden Diniz, Berna Komurcuoglu, Mine Gayaf, Tumay Gokce, Ilker Karadogan, Cimen Akcay Jun 2006

Comparison Of Curative And Palliative Radiotherapy Efficacy In Unresectable Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Or Without Metastasis, Ismet Unlu, Gulden Diniz, Berna Komurcuoglu, Mine Gayaf, Tumay Gokce, Ilker Karadogan, Cimen Akcay

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of curative and palliative radiotherapy in inoperable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a performance status (PS) equal or greater than 2, and to compare the therapy effect on survival with or without metastatic disease. METHODS: From January 1998 through December 2004, 797 patients with inoperable stage III and IV NSCLC were treated with radiotherapy alone because of older age, cardiovascular disease, insufficient respiratory reserve or general frailty. Radical radiotherapy, consisting of approximately 60 Gy, given in 30 fractions was performed in 363 (45.5 %) of these patients. The other 434 patients (54.5%) …

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Preanesthetic Evaluation. Importance Of Herbal Drug Usage In Anesthesia Practice, Leyla Iyilikci, Bahar Kuvaki, Basak Canduz, Huriye Begburs Sarikaya, Dilek Kural, Ali Gunerli Jun 2006

Preanesthetic Evaluation. Importance Of Herbal Drug Usage In Anesthesia Practice, Leyla Iyilikci, Bahar Kuvaki, Basak Canduz, Huriye Begburs Sarikaya, Dilek Kural, Ali Gunerli

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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The Relation Between Anticardiolipin Antibodies And Complications Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Oznur Kal, Fusun Gultekin, Zahir M. Bakici, Ali Kal Jun 2006

The Relation Between Anticardiolipin Antibodies And Complications Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Oznur Kal, Fusun Gultekin, Zahir M. Bakici, Ali Kal

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Kinetics Of The Dna Polymerase Pyrococcus Kodakaraensis, Mark A. Griep, Casey A. Kotera, R.M. Nelson, Hendrik J. Viljoen Jun 2006

Kinetics Of The Dna Polymerase Pyrococcus Kodakaraensis, Mark A. Griep, Casey A. Kotera, R.M. Nelson, Hendrik J. Viljoen

Mark A. Griep Publications

The polymerase chain reaction is one of the most important reactions in molecular biology. Single stranded DNA is copied in a complex series of steps, at the core of which lies the action of the DNA polymerase. At each nucleotide along the template, the polymerase screens the dNTP pool until it finds the complementary dNTP. The insertion of each dNMP is a balance between high fidelity and rapid elongation. In this study the kinetics of the β type polymerase pyrococcus kodakaraensis (KOD) is analyzed. The kinetics is influenced by reaction conditions such as the dNTP pool composition and temperature. In …

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The Role Of Chromatic And Achromatic Signals For Fruit Detection By Birds, H. Martin Schaefer, Douglas J. Levey, Veronica Shaefer, Michael L. Avery Jun 2006

The Role Of Chromatic And Achromatic Signals For Fruit Detection By Birds, H. Martin Schaefer, Douglas J. Levey, Veronica Shaefer, Michael L. Avery

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Fruit color changes during ripening are typically viewed as an adaptation to increase signal efficacy to seed dispersers. Plants can increase signal efficacy by enhancing chromatic (wavelength related) and/or achromatic (intensity related) contrasts between fruit and background. To assess how these contrasts determine the detectability of fruit signals, we conducted 2 experiments with free-flying crows (Corvus ossifragus) under semi-natural conditions in a 2025 m2 aviary. Crows searched first for artificial red and black fruits and detected red fruits from a larger distance. Because artificial red fruits had higher chromatic and lower achromatic contrasts against foliage than artificial black …

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