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2006

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Articles 10621 - 10650 of 12894

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Managing Fire-Prone Forests In The Western United States, Reed F. Noss, Jerry F. Franklin, William L. Baker, Tania Schoennagel, Peter B. Moyle Jan 2006

Managing Fire-Prone Forests In The Western United States, Reed F. Noss, Jerry F. Franklin, William L. Baker, Tania Schoennagel, Peter B. Moyle

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The management of fire-prone forests is one of the most controversial natural resource issues in the US today, particularly in the west of the country. Although vegetation and wildlife in these forests are adapted to fire, the historical range of fire frequency and severity was huge. When fire regimes are altered by human activity, major effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function are unavoidable. We review the ecological science relevant to developing and implementing fire and fuel management policies for forests before, during, and after wildfires. Fire exclusion led to major deviations from historical variability in many dry, low-elevation forests, but …

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Identification And Characterization Of Rv3281 As A Novel Subunit Of A Biotin-Dependent Acyl-Coa Carboxylase In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv, Tae-Jin Oh, Jaiyanth Daniel, Hwa-Jung Kim, Tatiana D. Sirakova, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy Jan 2006

Identification And Characterization Of Rv3281 As A Novel Subunit Of A Biotin-Dependent Acyl-Coa Carboxylase In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv, Tae-Jin Oh, Jaiyanth Daniel, Hwa-Jung Kim, Tatiana D. Sirakova, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces a large number of structurally diverse lipids generated from the carboxylation products of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. A biotin-dependent acyl-CoA carboxylase was purified from M. tuberculosis H37Rv by avidin affinity chromatography, and the three major protein components were determined by N-terminal sequencing to be the 63-kDa alpha 3-subunit (AccA3, Rv3285), the 59-kDa beta 5-subunit (AccD5, Rv3280), and the 56-kDa beta 4-subunit (AccD4, Rv3799). A minor protein of about 24 kDa that co-purified with the above subunits was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to be the product of Rv3281 that is located immediately downstream of …

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Linear To Axial Or Radial Polarization Conversion Using A Liquid Crystal Gel, Hongwen Ren, Yi-Hsin Lin, Shin-Tson Wu Jan 2006

Linear To Axial Or Radial Polarization Conversion Using A Liquid Crystal Gel, Hongwen Ren, Yi-Hsin Lin, Shin-Tson Wu

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Two types of liquid crystal (LC) gels with radial or twisted-radial molecular orientation are fabricated using a radial electric field generated by an indium-tin-oxide hole electrode in the bottom substrate. If the top substrate is not buffed, the radial-type LC gel is formed which can convert linearly polarized light into axially polarized light. On the other hand, if the top substrate is homogeneously buffed, then a twisted-radial LC gel is produced which can convert linearly polarized light into radially polarized light. These polarization converters are useful for diffractive optics and optical imaging systems.

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Complete Plastid Genome Sequence Of Daucus Carota: Implications For Biotechnology And Phylogeny Of Angiosperms, Tracey Ruhlman, Seung-Bum Lee, Robert K. Jansen, Jessica B. Hostetler, Luke J. Tallon, Christopher D. Town, Henry Daniell Jan 2006

Complete Plastid Genome Sequence Of Daucus Carota: Implications For Biotechnology And Phylogeny Of Angiosperms, Tracey Ruhlman, Seung-Bum Lee, Robert K. Jansen, Jessica B. Hostetler, Luke J. Tallon, Christopher D. Town, Henry Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Background: Carrot ( Daucus carota) is a major food crop in the US and worldwide. Its capacity for storage and its lifecycle as a biennial make it an attractive species for the introduction of foreign genes, especially for oral delivery of vaccines and other therapeutic proteins. Until recently efforts to express recombinant proteins in carrot have had limited success in terms of protein accumulation in the edible tap roots. Plastid genetic engineering offers the potential to overcome this limitation, as demonstrated by the accumulation of BADH in chromoplasts of carrot taproots to confer exceedingly high levels of salt resistance. The …

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Genetically Engineered Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Produce Met-Enkephalin At Augmented Higher Levels In Vitro, Ikuko Sugaya, Tingyu Qu, Kiminobu Sugaya, George D. Pappas Jan 2006

Genetically Engineered Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Produce Met-Enkephalin At Augmented Higher Levels In Vitro, Ikuko Sugaya, Tingyu Qu, Kiminobu Sugaya, George D. Pappas

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

We have reported that transplantation of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells that release endogenous opioid peptides into pain modulatory regions in the CNS produce significant antinociceptive effects in patients with terminal cancer pain. However, the usefulness of this procedure is minimal because the availability of human adrenal tissue is very limited. Alternative xenogeneic materials, such as porcine and bovine adrenal chromaffin cells present problems of immune rejection and possible pathogenic contamination. In an attempt to develop opioid peptide-producing cells of autologous origin, we have transfected human mesenchymal stem cells (hMeSCs) with a mammalian expression vector containing a fusion gene of green …

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The Cholera Toxin A1(3) Subdomain Is Essential For Interaction With Adp-Ribosylation Factor 6 And Full Toxic Activity But Is Not Required For Translocation From The Endoplasmic Reticulum To The Cytosol, Ken Teter, Michael G. Jobling, Danielle Sentz, Randall K. Holmes Jan 2006

The Cholera Toxin A1(3) Subdomain Is Essential For Interaction With Adp-Ribosylation Factor 6 And Full Toxic Activity But Is Not Required For Translocation From The Endoplasmic Reticulum To The Cytosol, Ken Teter, Michael G. Jobling, Danielle Sentz, Randall K. Holmes

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Cholera toxin (CT) moves from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by retrograde vesicular traffic. In the ER, the catalytic CTA1 polypeptide dissociates from the rest of the toxin and enters the cytosol by a process that involves the quality control mechanism of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The cytosolic CTA1 then ADP ribosylates Gs alpha, resulting in adenylate cyclase activation and intoxication of the target cell. It is hypothesized that the C-terminal A1(3) subdomain of CTA1 plays two crucial roles in the. p intoxication process: (i) it contains a hydrophobic domain that triggers the ERAD mechanism and (ii) it …

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High-Speed Turbo-Tcm-Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Ultra-Wideband Systems, Yanxia Wang, Libo Yang, Lei Wei Jan 2006

High-Speed Turbo-Tcm-Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Ultra-Wideband Systems, Yanxia Wang, Libo Yang, Lei Wei

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

One of the UWB proposals in the IEEE P802.15 WPAN project is to use a multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system and punctured convolutional codes for UWB channels supporting a data rate up to 480 Mbps. In this paper, we improve the proposed system using turbo TCM with QAM constellation for higher data rate transmission. We construct a punctured parity-concatenated trellis codes, in which a TCM code is used as the inner code and a simple parity-check code is employed as the outer code. The result shows that the system can offer a much higher spectral efficiency, for example, 1.2 …

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Whole-Genome Plasticity Among Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies: Insights From Comparative Genomic Hybridizations, Chia-Wei Wu, Jeremy Glasner, Michael Collins, Saleh Naser, Adel M. Talaat Jan 2006

Whole-Genome Plasticity Among Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies: Insights From Comparative Genomic Hybridizations, Chia-Wei Wu, Jeremy Glasner, Michael Collins, Saleh Naser, Adel M. Talaat

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in cattle and is also implicated in cases of Crohn's disease in humans. Another closely related strain, M. avium subsp. avium, is a health problem for immunocompromised patients. To understand the molecular pathogenesis of M. avium subspecies, we analyzed the genome contents of isolates collected from humans and domesticated or wildlife animals. Comparative genomic hybridizations indicated distinct lineages for each subspecies where the closest genomic relatedness existed between M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates collected from human and clinical cow samples. Genomic islands (n = 24) comprising 846 kb were present in …

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Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 1 Mediates Reelin Signaling In Cortical Neuronal Migration, Naoya Yamashita, Yutaka Uchida, Toshio Ohshima, Syu-Ichi Hirai, Fumio Nakamura, Masahiko Taniguchi, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Jerôme Honnorat, Pappachan Kolattukudy, Nicole Thomasset, Kohtaro Takei, Takuya Takahashi, Yoshio Goshima Jan 2006

Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 1 Mediates Reelin Signaling In Cortical Neuronal Migration, Naoya Yamashita, Yutaka Uchida, Toshio Ohshima, Syu-Ichi Hirai, Fumio Nakamura, Masahiko Taniguchi, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Jerôme Honnorat, Pappachan Kolattukudy, Nicole Thomasset, Kohtaro Takei, Takuya Takahashi, Yoshio Goshima

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Collapsin response mediator protein 1 ( CRMP1) is one of the CRMP family members that mediates signal transduction of axon guidance molecules. Here, we show evidence that CRMP1 is involved in Reelin ( Reln) signaling to regulate neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex. In crmp1(-/-) mice, radial migration of cortical neurons was retarded. This phenotype was not observed in the sema3A(-/-) and crmp1(+/+); sema3A(+/+) cortices. However, CRMP1 was colocalized with disabled- 1 ( Dab1), an adaptor protein in Reln signaling. In the Reln(rl/rl) cortex, CRMP1 and Dab1 were expressed at a higher level, yet tyrosine phosphorylated at a lower level. …

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Compact Low-Cost Detection Electronics For Optical Coherence Imaging, A. C. Akcay, K. S. Lee, L. R. Furenlid, M. A. Costa, J. P. Rolland Jan 2006

Compact Low-Cost Detection Electronics For Optical Coherence Imaging, A. C. Akcay, K. S. Lee, L. R. Furenlid, M. A. Costa, J. P. Rolland

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

A compact and low-cost detection electronics scheme for optical coherence imaging is demonstrated. The performance of the designed electronics is analyzed in comparison to a commercial lock-in amplifier of equal bandwidth. Images of a fresh-onion sample are presented for each detection configuration.

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Color Appearance In High-Dynamic-Range Imaging, Ahmet Oguz Akyüz, Erik Reinhard Jan 2006

Color Appearance In High-Dynamic-Range Imaging, Ahmet Oguz Akyüz, Erik Reinhard

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

When viewing images on a monitor, we are adapted to the lighting conditions of our viewing environment as well as the monitor itself, which can be very different from the lighting conditions in which the images were taken. As a result, our perception of these photographs depends directly on the environment in which they are displayed. For high-dynamic-range images, the disconnect in the perception of scene and viewing environments is potentially much larger than in conventional film and photography. To prepare an image for display, luminance compression alone is therefore not sufficient. We propose to augment current tone reproduction operators …

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Two-Photon Resonance Fluorescence, Moorad Alexanian, Subir K. Bose Jan 2006

Two-Photon Resonance Fluorescence, Moorad Alexanian, Subir K. Bose

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

We present a theory of two-photon resonance fluorescence of an atom or molecule in which the excitation by an external electromagnetic field as well as fluorescence emission is mediated by two-photon processes. The treatment is based on first dressing the atom or molecule by the external field and then evaluating perturbatively the effect of the interaction with the vacuum or fluorescent field and so resonance fluorescence can be considered as spontaneous emission from the dressed atom. The introduction of the combined system of atom and external field via dressed states leads to simpler calculations and more transparent physics. The fluorescence …

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Near-Field Characterization Of Effective Optical Interfaces, A. Apostol, D. Haefner, A. Dogariu Jan 2006

Near-Field Characterization Of Effective Optical Interfaces, A. Apostol, D. Haefner, A. Dogariu

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The properties of many heterogeneous media depend on both the surface roughness and the local variations of the optical properties. An effective optical interface is usually invoked to describe the characteristics of such media. Using approaches specific to near-field optics, the two influences can be decoupled and a quantitative assessment of their contributions can be performed. It is also shown that a discrete random-walk model can be used to determine the magnitude of the dielectric constant fluctuations at subwavelength scales which, in turn, describe the morphology of optically inhomogeneous media.

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The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence Of Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck Var 'Ridge Pineapple': Organization And Phylogenetic Relationships To Other Angiosperms, Michael G. Bausher, Nameirakpam D. Singh, Seung-Bum Lee, Robert K. Jansen, Henry Daniell Jan 2006

The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence Of Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck Var 'Ridge Pineapple': Organization And Phylogenetic Relationships To Other Angiosperms, Michael G. Bausher, Nameirakpam D. Singh, Seung-Bum Lee, Robert K. Jansen, Henry Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Background: The production of Citrus, the largest fruit crop of international economic value, has recently been imperiled due to the introduction of the bacterial disease Citrus canker. No significant improvements have been made to combat this disease by plant breeding and nuclear transgenic approaches. Chloroplast genetic engineering has a number of advantages over nuclear transformation; it not only increases transgene expression but also facilitates transgene containment, which is one of the major impediments for development of transgenic trees. We have sequenced the Citrus chloroplast genome to facilitate genetic improvement of this crop and to assess phylogenetic relationships among major lineages …

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Biodiversity Of Sessile And Motile Macrofauna On Intertidal Oyster Reefs In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Michelle L. Boudreaux, Jennifer L. Stiner, Linda J. Walters Jan 2006

Biodiversity Of Sessile And Motile Macrofauna On Intertidal Oyster Reefs In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Michelle L. Boudreaux, Jennifer L. Stiner, Linda J. Walters

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Our research focused on determining the diversity and abundance of sessile and motile macrofauna that use intertidal reefs of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica for feeding, settlement space or refuge in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida. Five replicate lift nets were deployed at six sites (three impacted reefs with seaward margins of disarticulated shells, three reference reefs Without dead margins) to determine the species composition and numbers present on these reef types. All nets were deployed intertidally on backreef areas on living oyster reefs, just above mean low water. One and a half liters of live oysters and oyster shells were placed …

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Cellular Response Of Shewanella Oneidensis To Strontium Stress, Steven D. Brown, Madhavi Martin, Sameer Deshpande, Sudipta Seal, Katherine Huang, Eric Alm, Yungfeng Ynag, Liyou Wu, Tingfen Yan, Xueduan Liu, Adam Arkin, Karuna Chourey, Jizhong Zhou, Dorothea K. Thompson Jan 2006

Cellular Response Of Shewanella Oneidensis To Strontium Stress, Steven D. Brown, Madhavi Martin, Sameer Deshpande, Sudipta Seal, Katherine Huang, Eric Alm, Yungfeng Ynag, Liyou Wu, Tingfen Yan, Xueduan Liu, Adam Arkin, Karuna Chourey, Jizhong Zhou, Dorothea K. Thompson

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

The physiology and transcriptome dynamics of the metal ion-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 in response to nonradioactive strontium (Sr) exposure were investigated. Studies indicated that MR-1 was able to grow aerobically in complex medium in the presence of 180 mM SrCl2, but showed severe growth inhibition at levels above that concentration. Temporal gene expression profiles were generated from aerobically grown, mid-exponential-phase MR-1 cells shocked with 180 mM SrCl2, and analyzed for significant differences in mRNA abundance with reference to data for nonstressed MR-1 cells. Genes with annotated functions in siderophore biosynthesis and iron transport were among the most highly …

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Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein-4 Regulates Calcium Homeostasis And Sensitivity To Store Depletion-Induced Apoptosis In Neural Cells, Sic. L. Chan, Dong Liu, George A. Kyriazis, Pamela Bagisyao, Xin Ouyang, Mark P. Mattson Jan 2006

Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein-4 Regulates Calcium Homeostasis And Sensitivity To Store Depletion-Induced Apoptosis In Neural Cells, Sic. L. Chan, Dong Liu, George A. Kyriazis, Pamela Bagisyao, Xin Ouyang, Mark P. Mattson

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

An increase in the cytoplasmic-free Ca2+ concentration mediates cellular responses to environmental signals that influence a range of processes, including gene expression, motility, secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters, changes in energy metabolism, and apoptosis. Mitochondria play important roles in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling, but the roles of specific mitochondrial proteins in these processes are unknown. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a family of proteins located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that can dissociate oxidative phosphorylation from respiration, thereby promoting heat production and decreasing oxyradical production. Here we show that UCP4, a neuronal UCP, influences store-operated Ca2+ entry, a process in …

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A Novel Lipase Belonging To The Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Family Induced Under Starvation To Utilize Stored Triacylglycerol In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Chirajyoti Deb, Jaiyanth Daniel, Tatiana D. Sirakova, Bassam Abomoelak, Vindod S. Dubey, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy Jan 2006

A Novel Lipase Belonging To The Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Family Induced Under Starvation To Utilize Stored Triacylglycerol In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Chirajyoti Deb, Jaiyanth Daniel, Tatiana D. Sirakova, Bassam Abomoelak, Vindod S. Dubey, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Twenty-four putative lipase/esterase genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv were expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed for long-chain triacylglycerol (TG) hydrolase activity. We show here that the product of Rv3097c (LIPY) hydrolyzed long-chain TG with high specific activity. LIPY was purified after solubilization from inclusion bodies; the enzyme displayed a K-m of 7.57 mM and V-max of 653.3 nmol/mg/min for triolein with optimal activity between pH 8.0 and pH 9.0. LIPY was inhibited by active serine-directed reagents and was inactivated at temperatures above 37 degrees C. Detergents above their critical micellar concentrations and divalent cations inhibited the activity of LIPY. The …

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Novel Pathways For Glycoprotein Import Into Chloroplasts, L. Faye, H. Daniell Jan 2006

Novel Pathways For Glycoprotein Import Into Chloroplasts, L. Faye, H. Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Although the chloroplast contains its own genome, majority of its protein components are encoded by nuclear genes and must be imported post-translationally. In general, proteins synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes are post-translationally targeted to the chloroplast through interactions between their N-terminal transit sequence and protein translocon Toc/Tic complexes in the chloroplast membranes. An alternative pathway that mediates post-translational delivery of proteins to the chloroplast via the secretory pathway was recently described. This pathway provides new opportunities for complementation of the chloroplast protein maturation machinery with chaperones needing endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi typical maturations such as N-glycosylation for their biological activity or …

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Theta-Defensins Prevent Hiv-1 Env-Mediated Fusion By Binding Gp41 And Blocking 6-Helix Bundle Formation, Stephen A. Gallo, Wei Wang, Satinder S. Rawat, Grace Jung, Alan J. Waring, Alexander M. Cole, Hong Lu, Xuxia Yan, Norelle L. Daly, David J. Craik, Shibo Jiang, Robert I. Lehrer, Robert Blumenthal Jan 2006

Theta-Defensins Prevent Hiv-1 Env-Mediated Fusion By Binding Gp41 And Blocking 6-Helix Bundle Formation, Stephen A. Gallo, Wei Wang, Satinder S. Rawat, Grace Jung, Alan J. Waring, Alexander M. Cole, Hong Lu, Xuxia Yan, Norelle L. Daly, David J. Craik, Shibo Jiang, Robert I. Lehrer, Robert Blumenthal

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Retrocyclin-1, a 0-defensin, protects target cells from human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) by preventing viral entry. To delineate its mechanism, we conducted fusion assays between susceptible target cells and effector cells that expressed HIV-1 Env. Retrocyclin-1 (4 mu M) completely blocked fusion mediated by HIV-1 Envs that used CXCR4 or CCR5 but had little effect on cell fusion mediated by HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus Envs. Retrocyclin-1 inhibited HIV-1 Env-mediated fusion without impairing the lateral mobility of CD4, and it inhibited the fusion of CD4-deficient cells with cells bearing CD4-independent HIV-1 Env. Thus, it could act without cross-linking membrane …

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Gene Cooption Without Duplication During The Evolution Of A Male-Pregnancy Gene In Pipefish, April Harlin-Cognato, Eric A. Hoffman, Adam G. Jones Jan 2006

Gene Cooption Without Duplication During The Evolution Of A Male-Pregnancy Gene In Pipefish, April Harlin-Cognato, Eric A. Hoffman, Adam G. Jones

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Comparative studies of developmental processes suggest that novel traits usually evolve through the cooption of preexisting genes and proteins, mainly via gene duplication and functional specialization of paralogs. However, an alternative hypothesis is that novel protein function can evolve without gene duplication, through changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression (e.g., via cis-regulatory elements), or functional modifications (e.g., addition of functional domains) of the proteins they encode, or both. Here we present an astacin metal loprotease, dubbed patristacin, which has been coopted without duplication, via alteration in the expression of a preexisting gene from the kidney and liver of …

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Analysis Of Proline Reduction In The Nosocomial Pathogen Clostridium Difficile, Sarah Jackson, Mary Calos, Andrew Myers, William T. Self Jan 2006

Analysis Of Proline Reduction In The Nosocomial Pathogen Clostridium Difficile, Sarah Jackson, Mary Calos, Andrew Myers, William T. Self

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Clostridium difficile, a proteolytic strict anaerobe, has emerged as a clinically significant nosocomial pathogen in recent years. Pathogenesis is due to the production of lethal toxins, A and B, members of the large clostridial cytotoxin family. Although it has been established that alterations in the amino acid content of the growth medium affect toxin production, the molecular mechanism for this observed effect is not yet known. Since there is a paucity of information on the amino acid fermentation pathways used by this pathogen, we investigated whether Stickland reactions might be at the heart of its bioenergetic pathways. Growth of C …

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Phylogenetic Analyses Of Vitis (Vitaceae) Based On Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences: Effects Of Taxon Sampling And Phylogenetic Methods On Resolving Relationships Among Rosids, Robert K. Jansen, Charalambos Kaittanis, Christopher Saski, Seung-Bum Lee, Jeffrey Tomkins, Andrew J. Alverson, Henry Daniell Jan 2006

Phylogenetic Analyses Of Vitis (Vitaceae) Based On Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences: Effects Of Taxon Sampling And Phylogenetic Methods On Resolving Relationships Among Rosids, Robert K. Jansen, Charalambos Kaittanis, Christopher Saski, Seung-Bum Lee, Jeffrey Tomkins, Andrew J. Alverson, Henry Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Background: The Vitaceae ( grape) is an economically important family of angiosperms whose phylogenetic placement is currently unresolved. Recent phylogenetic analyses based on one to several genes have suggested several alternative placements of this family, including sister to Caryophyllales, asterids, Saxifragales, Dilleniaceae or to rest of rosids, though support for these different results has been weak. There has been a recent interest in using complete chloroplast genome sequences for resolving phylogenetic relationships among angiosperms. These studies have clarified relationships among several major lineages but they have also emphasized the importance of taxon sampling and the effects of different phylogenetic methods …

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In Search Of Quorum Effects In Metacommunity Structure: Species Co-Occurrence Analyses, David G. Jenkins Jan 2006

In Search Of Quorum Effects In Metacommunity Structure: Species Co-Occurrence Analyses, David G. Jenkins

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Alternative models of community assembly emphasize regional, stochastic, dispersal-based processes or local, deterministic, niche-based processes. Community ecology's historical focus on local processes implicitly assumes that local processes surpass regional processes over time or across space to derive nonrandom metacommunity structure ( i.e., a quorum effect). Quorum effects are expected late in succession among nearby sites, whereas quorum effects are not expected early in succession among distant sites. I conducted a meta-analysis of zooplankton data sets encompassing time scales of one to thousands of years and spatial scales of < 1 m to thousands of kilometers. Species co-occurrence analyses statistically evaluated presence/absence patterns relative to random patterns obtained with Monte Carlo null models. A series of weighted analyses was conducted and alternative randomization algorithms and null models were evaluated. Most zooplankton metacommunities were randomly structured in unweighted analyses, and the distribution of significant structure did not follow quorum effect predictions. Weighted analyses ( e. g., by habitat area) revealed significant, nonrandom structure in most zooplankton metacommunities, but the distribution of significant structure still did not adhere well to quorum effect predictions. Finally, additional weighting for study scale (number of sites) nullified most significant area-weighted structure, and again, the distribution of significant structure did not follow quorum effect predictions. Overall, a quorum effect was not supported, perhaps related to zooplankton life histories and energetics and/ or the quorum effect itself. Results at the presence/absence level of resolution indicated that local processes did not generally override regional processes over time or across space to drive community structure. A full integration of dispersal- and niche-based concepts in metacommunity dynamics will be most fruitful for unraveling community assembly. Species co-occurrence analyses were scale dependent ( habitat area and study size). Future analyses should use weights for important factors ( e. g., habitat area), and meta-analyses should include study scale as an additional factor contributing to apparent patterns.

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The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence Of Gossypium Hirsutum: Organization And Phylogenetic Relationships To Other Angiosperms, Seung-Bum Lee, Charalambos Kaittanis, Robert K. Jansen, Jessica B. Hostetler, Luke J. Tallon, Christopher D. Town, Hnery Daniell Jan 2006

The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence Of Gossypium Hirsutum: Organization And Phylogenetic Relationships To Other Angiosperms, Seung-Bum Lee, Charalambos Kaittanis, Robert K. Jansen, Jessica B. Hostetler, Luke J. Tallon, Christopher D. Town, Hnery Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2000s

Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important fiber crop grown in 90 countries. In 2004-2005, US farmers planted 79% of the 5.7-million hectares of nuclear transgenic cotton. Unfortunately, genetically modified cotton has the potential to hybridize with other cultivated and wild relatives, resulting in geographical restrictions to cultivation. However, chloroplast genetic engineering offers the possibility of containment because of maternal inheritance of transgenes. The complete chloroplast genome of cotton provides essential information required for genetic engineering. In addition, the sequence data were used to assess phylogenetic relationships among the major clades of rosids using cotton and 25 other completely …

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Linking Multivariate Observations Of The Land Surface To Vegetation Properties And Ecosystem Processes, Stephen C. Hagen Jan 2006

Linking Multivariate Observations Of The Land Surface To Vegetation Properties And Ecosystem Processes, Stephen C. Hagen

Doctoral Dissertations

Remotely sensed images from satellites and aircrafts, as well as regional networks and monitoring stations such as eddy flux towers, are collecting large volumes of multivariate data that contain information about the land surface and ecosystem processes. To derive from these systems information and knowledge relevant to how the Earth system functions and how it is changing, we need tools that to filter and mine the large data streams currently being acquired at different spatial and temporal scales. A challenge for Earth System Science lies in accurately identifying and portraying the relationships between the measurements at the sensor and quantity …

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Toward An Ecology Of Intellectual Property: Lessons From Environmental Economics For Valuing Copyright's Commons, Frank Pasquale Jan 2006

Toward An Ecology Of Intellectual Property: Lessons From Environmental Economics For Valuing Copyright's Commons, Frank Pasquale

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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In Respect Of People Living In A Permanent Vegetative State - And Allowing Them To Die, Lois Shepherd Jan 2006

In Respect Of People Living In A Permanent Vegetative State - And Allowing Them To Die, Lois Shepherd

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Apomorphine On Plasma Large Neutral Amino Acids In Volunteer Subjects, Bishoy T. Labib, Samer D. Tabbal, Sami I. Harik Jan 2006

Effect Of Apomorphine On Plasma Large Neutral Amino Acids In Volunteer Subjects, Bishoy T. Labib, Samer D. Tabbal, Sami I. Harik

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

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Health Care Fraud Under The New Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Program, Robert N. Rabecs Jan 2006

Health Care Fraud Under The New Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Program, Robert N. Rabecs

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

No abstract provided.

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