Digital Commons Network^™

Lab-Made 100 Bp Dna Ladder Using Polymerase Chain Reaction And Human Dna, Muhammad Ilmam Bariqi, Zulham Yamamoto, Putri Chalya Firjatu, Luthfi Umam Hakim Nasution, Oryza Sativa Lubis

Makara Journal of Science

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid, molecular biology technique widely used in disease diagnosis and genetic engineering. Conventional PCR products require agarose gel electrophoresis, which employs a DNA ladder as a size reference. Most commercial ladders are plasmid-based and reliable but require additional culture time. We suggest a more efficient method for producing a DNA ladder using DNA derived from human blood. DNA was isolated using a commercial kit. Primer sets generating 100–1000 base pair (bp)-long fragments bearing target regions p12, p13, and p14 were designed using Primer-BLAST. DNA was amplified by routine PCR, visualized on a 1% (w/v) …

The Influence Of Demographic Factors On Smoking Behavior Among Low-Income Forest Farmers: Evidence In West Java And Nusa Tenggara Provinces, Indonesia, Budiman Achmad, Dian Diniyati, Eva Fauziyah, Subarudi Subarudi, Mudji Susanto, Danarti Danarti, Rukmini Nugroho Dewi, Sri Najiyati, I Gusti Ayu Putu Mahendri, Tota Suhendrata, Demas Wamaer, Joula Olvy Maya Sondakh, Ratna Ayu Saptati

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

Smoking constitutes a significant issue in Indonesia, particularly among low-income forest farmers. Cigarettes are the second-highest household expenditure after rice, potentially comprising almost 40% of total annual income. In 2022, the prevalence of smokers aged 15 years and older was recorded at 28.26%, with West Nusa Tenggara ranking second (26.59%). This situation exacerbates poverty and reduces the quality of human resources. The study was conducted in 2023 in Ciamis Regency, Tasikmalaya (West Java), and Sumbawa (West Nusa Tenggara), areas with high cigarette consumption. The aim was to analyze the influence of demographic factors (income, age, and education) on smoking behavior …

The Role Of Emerin In Myogenic Differentiation, Nicholas Marano

Theses and Dissertations

The nucleus harbors genetic material encapsulated by the nuclear envelope which is composed of an inner and outer nuclear membrane. The establishment and organization of chromatin at the INM is essential for cell fate during the differentiation program. Integral INM proteins are responsible for chromatin organization at the nuclear envelope. Emerin is a highly conserved type II integral INM protein with roles in chromatin organization, cell signaling, and nuclear structure. Mutations in the emerin gene cause Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy 1 (EDMD1). Emerin is ubiquitously expressed, but loss of emerin function affects specifically skeletal muscle and cardiac tissue. The precise …

Arriving With The Five Senses: Resilient Whole Being In The Classroom, Mitra Emad

Teaching Online Pedagogical Repository

Using a simple sensory arrival exercise to welcome and orient students to the learning environment encourages a whole being wellbeing approach to learning. Moving through each of the five senses as a way to fully arrive “in class” promotes self-regulation and engagement. In online environments, this exercise gives students an opportunity to settle into a familiar space, as well as to engage with that familiarity in ways that “render the familiar strange,” enhancing curiosity and opening up engagement with the course materials and learning experiences that follow.

Ole Miss Students Strengthen Ties With Community Through Big Event, Marisa C. Atkinson

University of Mississippi News

OXFORD, Miss. – With spring in the air, University of Mississippi students gave back to the place they call home during the Big Event, held Saturday (March 28) throughout Oxford and Lafayette County.

Auditory Stimulation Rescues Cognitive Deficit In, Mohamed Ouardouz, Amanda E Hernan, J Matthew Mahoney, Rodney C Scott

Faculty Research 2026

Background/Objectives: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a triplet repeat expansion in the Fmr1 gene leading to the loss of Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (Fmr1 protein). The loss of Fmr1 protein modulates many cell biological processes and leads to the emergence of intellectual disability and autism. FXS is modeled in Fmr1-KO mice that display features consistent with human FXS, including hypersensitivity, cognitive and learning deficits, hyperactivity and audiogenic seizures. Here, we investigated the effect of auditory stimulation during a range of developmental stages on recognition memory and sociability deficits in Fmr1-KO mice. Methods: Fmr1-KO …

Family-Level Mediators In The Intergenerational Transmission Of Maternal Childhood Trauma: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Pooled Effect Measures, Emma J. Mew, Rhayna Poulin, Veronika Shabanova, Hannah Gorman, Marie-Claire Meadows, Jessica L. Bonumwezi, Victoria Chung, Rachel Hennein, Audrey Y. Huang, Kevin Quach, Vanessa Blas, Ashlin Ondrusek, Karly Sara Weinreb, Kate Nyhan, Si’Itia Soliai-Lemusu, Jueta Mccutchan-Tofaeono, Nicola L. Hawley, Sarah R. Lowe

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Children of mothers with childhood trauma are at an increased risk for mental health problems, yet the most influential family-related mediators of this intergenerational transmission remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized effect sizes from 29 studies (n = 352,279 dyads) examining psychosocial family-level mediators between maternal childhood trauma and child mental health. We identified 380 simple and 40 serial mediation paths across four domains: child characteristics, maternal characteristics, parent–child relationship factors, and household characteristics. Maternal characteristics showed the largest pooled effects (proportion median [PM]: 31.2%; ratio median [RM]: 0.21), particularly maternal mental health (PM: 36.0%), maternal attachment style …

Auditory Stimulation Rescues Cognitive Deficit In Fmr1-Ko Mice, Mohamed Ouardouz, Amanda E. Hernan, J. Matthew Mahoney, Rodney C. Scott

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Background/Objectives: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a triplet repeat expansion in the Fmr1 gene leading to the loss of Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (Fmr1 protein). The loss of Fmr1 protein modulates many cell biological processes and leads to the emergence of intellectual disability and autism. FXS is modeled in Fmr1-KO mice that display features consistent with human FXS, including hypersensitivity, cognitive and learning deficits, hyperactivity and audiogenic seizures. Here, we investigated the effect of auditory stimulation during a range of developmental stages on recognition memory and sociability deficits in Fmr1-KO mice. Methods: Fmr1-KO mice were …

Stream Biofilms In West Tennessee Provide Insights As A Tool For Informing Restoration Practices, Kimberly Elizabeth Baldwin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Many streams in West Tennessee, USA, have been heavily modified for agriculture or flood prevention purposes, which can result in altered stream microbial community dynamics. There is little research comparing biological and physicochemical dynamics between disturbed and natural streams, especially in West Tennessee. There is a need to understand how restoration efforts may impact microbial communities and thus ecosystem processing. Here, we investigate the community and assembly dynamics of microbial communities (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) in a degraded stream slated for restoration by 1) comparing this disturbed site to an undisturbed control stream, 2) examining seasonal variation of biofilms and riparian …

Works Of Michael Kahle; Expanding The Viola's Role Within The Classical Music Canon, Andrew Scott Mcguire

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

This project reexamines the role of the viola within the classical canon, arguing for its repositioning as a melodic and collaborative instrument rather than a purely supportive inner voice. Analytical and experiential findings demonstrate that the viola’s capacity to modify articulation, timbre, and projection enables it to mediate between contrasting instrumental families such as bowed strings, winds, and percussion. Grounded in performance-based research, this study investigates the viola’s function in non-traditional chamber ensembles, with particular repertoire development through collaboration with composer Michael Kahle, whose works for mixed ensembles—including flute, vibraphone, oboe, piano, and wind ensemble—feature the viola as a primary …

Plantas Medicinales En El Territorio: Una Vista Desde Los Saberes Ancestrales, Eugenio Alexander Garnica Serrano, Gloria Naidu Cuevas Rodríguez, Diana Carolina Molina León

Ciencias de la Salud

Plantas medicinales en el territorio: una mirada desde los saberes ancestrales, recoge la memoria viva de Cundinamarca y la sabiduría de nuestros mayores, quienes han sabido transmitir el uso de las plantas para aliviar dolencias cotidianas (insomnio, problemas digestivos o los dolores articulares). Esta obra enlaza tradición y ciencia, ofreciendo un testimonio que fortalece la identidad cultural y se convierte en legado para las generaciones presentes y futuras. Más que un compendio de plantas y remedios, este libro es un homenaje a los adultos mayores que cuidan y preservan estas plantas en sus hogares. Su publicación contribuye a la …

Exercise Effects On Decreased Levels Of Depression In Female Breast Cancer Patients, Dorothy Y. Spencer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breast cancer patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at a high risk of experiencing pain and fatigue, anxiety and substance use, poor quality of life, marital spouses with elevated depression, impaired sexual functioning, sleep disorders, poor immune system functioning, rapid progression of cancer, and higher mortality rates. Grounded in Fritz Heider’s attribution theory, the purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental study was to examine the relationship between physical exercise and a decrease in MDD. The participants comprised of 15 female breast cancer patients, 18 years of age and older, who may have experienced depression. The participants completed the Beck Depression …

Bridging The Gap: A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring The Relationships Between Student-Teacher Demographic Mismatch And Students’ Perceptions Of Fairness, Inclusion, And Achievement, Nicholas Nahrwold

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the relationships between student-teacher demographic mismatch and students’ perceptions of fairness, inclusion, and achievement. The purpose of this research was to determine how race, gender, and SES mismatch between students and teachers is related to their feelings of belonging and academic outcomes. A mixed-methods study was conducted involving a combination of survey data, student performance records, and student interviews. Results from the study indicated a relationship between student-teacher gender match and GPA, student-teacher racial match and GPA, and student-teacher racial match and attendance outcomes. Although not statistically significant, the data collected also highlighted trends between student-teacher SES …

The Relationship Between Functional Etiology Of Ancle Injuries And Return-To-Play Efficiency Among Tennis Players, Mustafa Muhammad Ali Farhan

Modern Sport

The present study seeks to determine the role of etiology in rehabilitating injured players and the efficiency of return-to-play. The researcher hypothesizes that there are statistically significant differences in the functional efficiency of the ankle joint between injured and non-injured players. Additionally, it is hypothesized that there is a statistically significant relationship between the functional etiology of ankle joint injury and return to play efficiency among tennis players. The research population and sample include tennis players who are registered in the Middle Euphrates sports clubs and who have suffered an injury in the ankle joint, whether during the current sports …

Effectiveness Of Special Compound Exercises In Developing Speed-Strength And Explosive Power In The Long Jump Among The Students, Amjad H. Mohammed

Modern Sport

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of compound exercises in developing explosive power and force speed in the long jump among students. The research problem lies in the limited use of compound exercises that develop explosive power and force speed during training. The researcher used an experimental design with two groups (experimental and control). The sample included 24 students from Najaf Preparatory School for Mathematical Sciences, who were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control). Each group consisted of 12 students, representing 49% of the research population. The experimental group underwent compound exercises, which were conducted over eight …

Examining Predictors For Surgical Site Infection Following Abdominal Hysterectomy Among Women In New York, Nicole Henry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain one of the most frequent and preventable complications following abdominal hysterectomy. Existing literature has focused on clinical and procedural risk factors, while less is known about how social conditions shape surgical outcomes. This gap is especially concerning for women in New York State (NYS) where differences in income, marital status, primary payer, rurality, and county-level food insecurity may influence postoperative outcomes and subsequent care. The socioecological model provided the foundation for this retrospective cohort study by examining how social drivers of health (SDoH) are associated with SSI incidence following abdominal hysterectomy, and whether food insecurity …

Pre-Operative Antiplatelet Therapy Is Associated With Increased Risk Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty, Muhammad Hamza Ilyas, Mohammad Daher, Viraj Deshpande, Adam Lindsay, Joseph A. Abboud, Hafiz F. Kassam

Rothman Institute Papers

Background Antiplatelet therapy is widely prescribed for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease and for mitigation of thromboembolic risk. However, its impact on post-operative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains poorly defined.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX US Research Network. Propensity score matching was performed to balance demographics, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index variables. The primary outcome was the incidence of PJI at 90 days, 6 months, and 1 year. Secondary outcomes included post-operative medical and surgical complications. Comparative risk was quantified using risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup …

Deep Brain Stimulation For Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review Of Molecular Imaging With Pet, Shiv Patil, Alexander Gerlach, Fnu Jeevika, Raj Patel, Emily Christner, Jaskeerat Gujral, Om H. Gandhi, Milo Writer, Nicholas M. Wang, Anastasia Kopylova, Satoria A. Zagorski, Cyrus Ayubcha, Thomas Werner, Abass Alavi, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an evolving technique for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders refractory to conventional pharmacotherapy. Neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) has an important role in the planning, delivery, and post-surgical monitoring of DBS. This study aims to determine the clinical relevance of PET as a biomarker of disease status and response to DBS for patients with psychiatric disorders.

METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify original research studies that applied PET to study the effects of DBS for patients with psychiatric conditions (major depressive …

Evaluation Of Pinhole Castration Techniques Compare With Traditional Method For Castration In Rabbits, Wakash Oad, Faiz Muhammad Khand, Habibullah Janyaro, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon, Muhammad Ramzan, Dilpat Rai Menghwar, Benazir Sahito

Journal of Bioresource Management

Castration is a routine surgical intervention used to sterilize animals. Among the different conventional methods, the pinhole castration provides offer significant advantages. This study was conducted on 12 healthy male domestic rabbits at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, to evaluate the physiological impacts of traditional versus pinhole castration techniques. The rabbits were randomly divided into group A and group B with six rabbits per group. Key parameters included preoperative vital signs, intraoperative monitoring at 5, 10, and 15 minutes, intra- and postoperative complications, serum cortisol levels (preoperative, 24 hours, 5 and 10 days post-surgery) and …

The Relationship Of Concussion And Alcohol Use: An Investigation Into Intervening Cognitive Mechanisms, Alexi Cranford

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and alcohol use are common and pervasive issues in society today. Alcohol use is frequently linked with brain injury even in its mildest form, concussion, also known as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The brain’s reward system has been shown to be involved in alcohol and substance use behaviors, and a neural basis has been demonstrated to underlie reactivity to alcohol cues. Learning theories such as classical and operant conditioning can also help conceptualize how these relationships develop. Reward sensitivity and executive functioning (particularly decision-making skills) are cognitive processes that may moderate the relationship between brain …

Effect Of Novel Antimicrobial Compounds On Fungal And Bacterial Pathogens, Megan Wilderman

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in medicine¹ leading to a need for the development of novel compounds. Two compounds were tested in this study, 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine (HEH) and para-nitrophenyl-isocyanide (NPIC). HEH targets phosphatidylcholine (PC) production², and NPIC targets mitochondrial function³. Choline (Cho) is a compound that bypasses the inhibition of HEH through the Kennedy pathway.² Two-fold serial dilutions were conducted in 96-well plates to test the sensitivity of different bacteria to HEH and fungi to HEH and NPIC in different media types. A choline condition was also included in the HEH dilutions to test …

Phytochemistry And Pharmacological Activities Of Sphagneticola Trilobata: A Systematic Review With Perspectives For Drug Discovery, Sonali Dnyaneshwar Labhade, Suraj Kamadi, Pawan Nandkishor Karwa, Ritesh Prakash Bhole, Harshad Sunil Kapare, Sohan Satyanarayan Chitlange

Makara Journal of Science

Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, wound healing, and CNS depressant effects. Despite its broad pharmacolo-gical potential, clinical application is limited due to a lack of mechanistic understanding, standardization, and clinical validation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic potential of S. trilobata, while highlighting research gaps and suggesting future directions for clinical translation. A systematic review of scientific literature, ethnobotanical sources, and pharmacological studies was conducted, focusing on phytochemical analysis, biological activity, toxicity, and potential applications …

Liparis Condylobulbon Reichb. F. From Gumitir, Indonesia: Morphology, Molecular, And Phytochemical Profile, Fuad Bahrul Ulum, Asyifa Yasmin Arum, Kurnia Sa’Adah, Dwi Setyati, Edia Fitria Dwinianti, Ranjithkumar Rajamani, Ari Satia Nugraha, Mukhamad Su’Udi

Makara Journal of Science

Liparis condylobulbon Rchb.f. is an epiphytic orchid across South and Southeast Asia, which holds notable ethnomedicinal and pharmacological significance. This study aims to characterize Indonesian Liparis condylobulbon using integrated morphological, molecular (matK, rbcL, ITS2), and phytochemical (LC-MS, DPPH) analyses of specimens from Mount Gumitir, providing the first comprehensive taxonomic and pharmacological profile to support species authentication and future bioprospecting. The L. condylobulbon specimen displays diagnostic epiphytic morpho-logy, including fusiform pseudobulbs, two elongate leaves, and an erect inflorescence bearing ~123 flowers. Molecular barcoding using matK, rbcL, and ITS2 confirmed its identity, with phylogenetic analyses consistently clustering it with …

Unraveling Hydrologic And Hydrochemical Processes Based On Long-Term Concentration–Discharge Analysis In The Green Lake 4 Catchment, Colorado Front Range, Usa, Fengjing Liu

Michigan Tech Publications

Concentration–discharge (C-Q) relationships were analyzed over decadal, annual, and seasonal timescales from water years 1982 to 2020 to understand hydrologic and hydrochemical processes in the Green Lake 4 catchment, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado Front Range. Geogenic solutes, along with the magnitude of stable isotopes, were dominated by a strong (p < .05) C-Q power law (C = aQ^b, where a and b are constants from the curve fitting, with b usually termed the b-coefficient) and consistent patterns over various timescales. The b-coefficients of geogenic solutes were negative, suggesting that those solutes primarily originated from groundwater with higher concentrations and diluted by shallow source waters with lower …

Gene-Agnostic Therapeutic Strategies For Inherited Retinal Diseases: Neuroprotection And Immunomodulation, Lucas W. Rowe, S. Patricia Becerra, Robert E. Maclaren, Robert L. Avery, Charles C. Wykoff, Allen C. Ho, Carl D. Regillo, Dean Eliott, Andrew Osborne, Katie M. Binley, Thomas A. Ciulla

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background/Objectives: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in over 280 genes with more than 3100 identified variants. While gene-specific replacement therapies have achieved landmark success with voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) for biallelic RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy, developing individual therapies for each genetic subtype remains impractical. This review examines gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches utilizing neuroprotection and immunomodulation that target common pathophysiological mechanisms shared across multiple IRD genotypes. Methods: We reviewed the literature on neuroprotective and immunomodulatory gene therapy strategies for IRDs, focusing on neurotrophic factors and complement system modulation. Results: Neuroprotective approaches delivering neurotrophic factors—including pigment …

Inside 'N Out: Etv2 Specification Of Hemangiogenic Lineages From Flk1+ Mesoderm, Dereck Antonio Shakeel Alleyne

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The cardiovascular system is generated by mesodermal progenitors that give rise to endothelial, hematopoietic and muscle (smooth muscle and cardiomyocyte) lineages. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptor, FLK1/KDR and the transcription factor ETV2 are critically required for hemangiogenic specification, Flk1 and Etv2 expression has been observed in other mesodermal derivatives. During gastrulation, mesodermal progenitors are specified to contribute to the cardiovascular system; however, the early divergence of hemangiogenic and muscle progenitors, and their shared marker expression, complicates identification of common mesoderm progenitor populations contributing to both lineages. In this dissertation, I demonstrate how Flk1+ and Etv2+ lineage relationships …

Ribosomal Stress In The Pathogenesis And Treatment Of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Kimberly Bridget Johansson

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy in which activating mutations in the Notch pathway are thought to contribute to transformation, in part, through activation of c-Myc. Increased expression of c-Myc induces oncogenic stress that can lead to apoptosis through the Mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Since the great majority of T-ALL cases maintain wildtype MDM2 and TP53, we hypothesized that T-ALL cells are selectively sensitive to MDM2 inhibition. Treatment with idasanutlin, an MDM2 inhibitor, although only inducing modest apoptosis in T-ALL cells, resulted in a significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic BH3 domain genes BAX and BBC3. This prompted …

Multiplex Functional Assessment Of Variant Effect In The Retinal Transcription Factor Crx, James Lewis Shepherdson

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The transcription factor Cone-Rod Homeobox (CRX) is a master regulator of photoreceptor cell fate. Sequence variants in CRX can cause Retinitis Pigmentosa, Cone-Rod Dystrophy, and Leber Congenital Amaurosis, all inherited causes of vision loss and blindness. CRX is the only gene implicated in the pathogenesis of all three of these diseases, which present with both rod- and cone-centric phenotypes of varying age of onset and severity. Several CRX variants have been reported to cause severe dominant disease through antimorphic genetic interactions with wild-type CRX, and yet these mutations are adjacent to variants which are benign or only cause mild, recessive …

Enterotoxaemia In Goats: Prevalence, Etiology, Risk Factors, And Therapeutic Approaches: A Comprehensive Review, Muhammad Mohsen, Jam Kashif Zaman, Amjad Hussain Mirani, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro, Benazir Sahito

Journal of Bioresource Management

Enterotoxaemia remains one of the most severe and rapidly fatal diseases affecting goats, mainly caused by Clostridium perfringens types C and D. Despite widespread vaccination practices, the disease continues to produce significant health and economic losses, particularly in intensive and semi-intensive goat production systems. This review summarizes the current understanding of enterotoxaemia, focusing on its etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and updated therapeutic and preventive strategies. C. perfringens overgrows in the intestinal lumen under favorable conditions such as sudden dietary changes, high-energy feeding, or stress-related microbial imbalance. The toxins produced especially epsilon and beta induce intestinal necrosis, vascular …

Coping Strategies, Barriers, And Supports Of Female Nurses And Veterans With A Work-Related Traumatic Exacerbation Of An Existing Respiratory Disorder, Joanna Lynn Phillips

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The United States Department of Defense and Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated that female veterans and nurses experience work-related trauma at rates of 51% or higher. While many studies have examined their mental health outcomes, posttraumatic worsening of physical health has been less studied in this population. This generic qualitative inquiry was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the subjective lived experiences of female nurses and veterans' work-related traumatic exacerbation of an existing respiratory disorder. The coping strategies developed, the potential barriers they overcame, and the support systems used were examined. The theoretical framework that grounded this study was …