Digital Commons Network^™

The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Viii. The Nuclei Of Early-Type Galaxies, Patrick Côté, Slawomir Piatek, Laura Ferrarese, Andrés Jordán, David Merritt, Eric W. Peng, Monica Haşegan, John P. Blakeslee, Simona Mei, Michael J. West, Miloš Milosavljević, John L. Tonry

Articles

The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey is a Hubble Space Telescope program to obtain high-resolution imaging, in widely separated bandpasses (F475W ≈ g and F850LP ≈ z), for 100 early-type members of the Virgo Cluster, spanning a range of ≈ 460 in blue luminosity. We use this large, homogenous dataset to examine the innermost structure of these galaxies and to characterize the properties of their compact central nuclei. We present a sharp upward revision in the frequency of nucleation in early-type galaxies brighter than MB ≈ −15 (66 . fn . 82%) and show that ground-based surveys underestimated the number of …

The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Vi. Isophotal Analysis And The Structure Of Early-Type Galaxies, Laura Ferrarese, Patrick Côté, Andrés Jordán, Eric W. Peng, John P. Blakeslee, Slawomir Piatek, Simona Mei, David Merritt, Miloš Milosavljević, John L. Tonry, Michael J. West

Articles

We present a detailed analysis of the morphology, isophotal parameters and surface brightness profiles for 100 early-type members of the Virgo Cluster, from dwarfs (MB = −15.1 mag) to giants (MB = −21.8 mag). Each galaxy has been imaged in two filters, closely resembling the Sloan g and z passbands, using the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Dust and complex morphological structures are common. Dust is detected in as many as 18, preferentially bright, galaxies. The incidence rate in the 26 galaxies brighter than BT = 12.15 mag, which form a magnitude limited sample, is …

Analysis Of Paper Gloss, Jonathan Arney, Ling Ye, Jiff Wible

Articles

Standard techniques for the measurement of paper gloss are capable of providing highly repeatable indices of the gloss phenomenon. However, it is well known that the gloss phenomenon involves more than can be represented by a single number. A recently developed instrument called a microgoniophotometer has been applied to the characterization of paper gloss. The Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) plots generated by this device were shown to be related quantitatively and directly to Fresnel's law of specular reflection and to the surface roughness of the sample. Unlike standard gloss meter measurements, the BRDF enables the analyst to distinguish between …

Inducement As Contributory Copyright Infringement: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. V. Grokster, Ltd., Laura A. Heymann

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Using A 2-D Simulation Program To Support Interactive Learning Of 3-D Vehicle Dynamics, George Sutherland

Articles

The author has developed an undergraduate course to introduce students to the basic principles of land vehicle dynamics. Many students, though they are intrinsically interested in the subject, have difficulty grasping the physical principles needed to enable a sufficient understanding of the subject to support their aspirations of making informed vehicle design decisions. An intriguing potentially useful fact is that the computer gaming world has developed widely available very sophisticated vehicle computer models with realistic human driver interfaces. However, while very entertaining, these computer games are not suitable for helping undergraduate engineering students understand the basic principles needed for land …

The Application Of The Talc Model: A Literature Survey, Rick Lagiewski

Articles

This chapter categorizes and documents a selection of major works relevant to Butler's 1980 article on the TALC. The goal is to present a simple, yet informative chapter that helps scholars find and select appropriate works and commentary pertaining to the TALC model. It is important to note that this chapter is not meant to be a literature 'review' of the original 1980 article, but rather a literature 'survey' that documents the works of others who have solidified this work as an academic classic in the field of tourism. This chapter does not take into consideration the new contributions to …

De'via: Investigating Deaf Visual Art, Patricia Durr

Articles

Deaf studies courses and programs often put a heavy emphasis on five main characteristics of Deaf culture: language, behavior/norms, values/beliefs, tradition/heritage and possessions. Within the last category, possessions, the focus is usually on material culture since Deaf culture does not have specific food, clothing, or music associated with its people. Hence things like TTYs, flashing lights, close captions, and interpreters are studied- most of these are access related. Unfortunately a critical component of Deaf cultural possessions-art-is often overlooked or uninvestigated. Betty G. Miller, the first known Deaf American to exhibit art about the Deaf experience, stated, "some Deaf artists feel …

Computing The Folkman Number F_V(2,2,3;4), Jonathan Coles, Stanislaw Radziszowski

Articles

We discuss a branch of Ramsey theory concerning vertex Folkman numbers and how computer algorithms have been used to compute a new Folkman number. We write G ! (a1, . . . , ak)v if for every vertex k-coloring of an undirected simple graph G, a monochromatic Kai is forced in color i 2 {1, . . . , k}. The vertex Folkman number is defined as Fv(a1, . . . , ak; p) = min{|V (G)| : G ! (a1, . . . , ak)v ^ Kp 6 G}. Folkman showed in 1970 that this number exists for p …

A Parent-Centered Radial Layout Algorithm For Interactive Graph Visualization And Animation, Andrew Pavlo, Christopher Homan, Jonathan Schull

Articles

We have developed (1) a graph visualization system that allows users to explore graphs by viewing them as a succession of spanning trees selected interactively, (2) a radial graph layout algorithm, and (3) an animation algorithm that generates meaningful visualizations and smooth transitions between graphs while minimizing edge crossings during transitions and in static layouts. Our system is similar to the radial layout system of Yee et al. (2001), but differs primarily in that each node is positioned on a coordinate system centered on its own parent rather than on a single coordinate system for all nodes. Our system is …

The Essential Role Of Securities Regulation, Zohar Goshen, Gideon Parchomovsky

Faculty Scholarship

This Article posits that the essential role of securities regulation is to create a competitive market for sophisticated professional investors and analysts (information traders). The Article advances two related theses – one descriptive and the other normative. Descriptively, the Article demonstrates that securities regulation is specifically designed to facilitate and protect the work of information traders. Securities regulation may be divided into three broad categories: (i) disclosure duties; (ii) restrictions on fraud and manipulation; and (iii) restrictions on insider trading – each of which contributes to the creation of a vibrant market for information traders. Disclosure duties reduce information traders’ …

Common Law Property Metaphors On The Internet: The Real Problem With The Doctrine Of Cybertrespass, Shyamkrishna Balganesh

Faculty Scholarship

The doctrine of cybertrespass represents one of the most recent attempts by courts to apply concepts and principles from the real world to the virtual world of the Internet. A creation of state common law, the doctrine essentially involved extending the tort of trespass to chattels to the electronic world. Consequently, unauthorized electronic interferences are deemed trespassory intrusions and rendered actionable. The present paper aims to undertake a conceptual study of the evolution of the doctrine, examining the doctrinal modifications courts were required to make to mould the doctrine to meet the specificities of cyberspace. It then uses cybertrespass to …

Introduction To Shadowgraph And Schlieren Imaging, Andrew Davidhazy

Articles

This is an illustrated narrative prepared as the guide to a slide show covering, in a simplified fashion, the optical operating principles associated with shadowgraph and schlieren imaging. This is also available as a PDF document about 3 Mb in size. Added here in August 2006.

Xbrl In The Accounting Curriculum: A Survey Of Ais Faculty, Ashutosh Deshmukh, Khondkar Karim, Jeffrey Romine, Robert W. Rutledge

Articles

The purpose of this paper is to assess the challenges and opportunities associated with introducing XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) into the accounting curricula. XBRL is an electronic format for simplifying the flow of financial information between software programs. It is a complex, rapidly changing language that is multi-disciplinary in nature. This poses difficult pedagogical questions. The primary question is whether XBRL should be covered in the curriculum or not. If answered affirmatively, the issues related to which topics should be covered and to what extent become pertinent. The concurrent problems of faculty preparation and availability of instructional materials also …

The Changing Culture Of American Land Use Regulation: Paying For Growth With Impact Fees, Ronald H. Rosenberg

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 7 2006, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Combined Inhibitory Effect Of Nisin With Edta Against Listeria Monocytogenes In Soy-Protein Edible Coating On Turkey Frankfurters Stored At 4°C And 10°C, Emily Bennett, T. Sivarooban, N. S. Hettiarachchy, M. G. Johnson

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Several food contamination outbreaks are linked to Listeria monocytogenes. More effective methods are needed to prevent the growth and recontamination of L. monocytogenes on ready-to-eat (RTE) food products. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the inhibitory activities of nisin (10,000 IU/mL), EDTA (sodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: 1.6 mg/mL), and the combination of nisin (10,000 IU/mL) with EDTA 1.6 mg/mL either in brain-heart-infusion (BHI) media at 37°C for 72 h or in soy-protein edible coating on the surface of full-fat commercial turkey frankfurters against the cell populations of approximately 106 colony forming units (CFU/mL) of L. monocytogenes. The surface-inoculated …

The Redox Couple Of The Cytochrome C Cyanide Complex: The Contribution Of Heme Iron Ligation To The Structural Stability, Chemical Reactivity, And Physiological Behavior Of Horse Cytochrome C, Abel Schejter, Michael D. Ryan, Erica R. Blizzard, Chongyao Zhang, Emanuel Margoliash, Benjamin A. Feinberg

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Contrary to most heme proteins, ferrous cytochrome c does not bind ligands such as cyanide and CO. In order to quantify this observation, the redox potential of the ferric/ferrous cytochrome c–cyanide redox couple was determined for the first time by cyclic voltammetry. Its E⁰′ was −240 mV versus SHE, equivalent to −23.2 kJ/mol. The entropy of reaction for the reduction of the cyanide complex was also determined. From a thermodynamic cycle that included this new value for the cyt c cyanide complex E⁰′, the binding constant of cyanide to the reduced protein was estimated to …

Seminar: Art And Intentions, Caitlin O'Donnell, Jesus Aguilar

Articles

No abstract provided.

Active Security Vulnerability Notification And Resolution, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alayed

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The early version of the Internet was designed for connectivity only, without the consideration of security, and the Internet is consequently an open structure. Networked systems are vulnerable for a number of reasons; design error, implementation, and management. A vulnerability is a hole or weak point that can be exploited to compromise the security of the system. Operating systems and applications are often vulnerable because of design errors. Software vendors release patches for discovered vulnerabilities, and rely upon system administrators to accept and install patches on their systems. Many system administrators fail to install patches on time, and consequently leave …

Modern Polygamy And Mormon Fundamentalism: The Generations After The Manifesto, J. Michael Hunter

Faculty Publications

Book review of Brian C. Hales's Modern Polygamy and Mormon Fundamentalism: The Generations after the Manifesto (Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2006).

The Justice Of Recovery: How The State Can Heal The Violence Of Crime, Linda G. Mills

UC Law Journal

A longstanding assumption of the criminal justice system is that victims benefit in some way from the prosecution and punishment of the person who caused them harm. This Article, however, argues that victim healing involves more than punishing the offender, and that by rethinking the roles victims perform in the criminal justice system, we may provide them with a more comprehensive menu of options to facilitate their recovery from crime. The societal goals of punishment and accountability and the individual desire for healing are not mutually exclusive. Incorporating recovery approaches from both the science of victimology and theories of restoration …

Cross-Examining The Brain: A Legal Analysis Of Neural Imaging For Credibility Impeachment, Charles N. W. Keckler

UC Law Journal

The last decade has seen remarkable progress in understanding ongoing psychological processes at the neurobiological level, progress that has been driven technologically by the spread of functional neuroimaging devices, especially magnetic resonance imaging, which have become the research tools of a theoretically sophisticated cognitive neuroscience. As this research turns to specification of the mental processes involved in interpersonal deception, the potential evidentiary use of material produced by devices for detecting deception, long stymied by the conceptual and legal limitations of the polygraph, must be reexamined. Although studies in this area are preliminary, they have not yet satisfied the foundational requirements …

Reconceptualizing Due Process In Juvenile Justice: Contributions From Law And Social Science, Mark R. Fondacaro, Christopher Slobogin, Tricia Cross

UC Law Journal

This Article challenges the accepted wisdom, at least since the Supreme Court's decision in Gault, that procedures in juvenile delinquency court should mimic the adult criminal process. The legal basis for this challenge is Gault itself, as well as the other Supreme Court cases that triggered the juvenile justice revolution of the past decades, for all of these cases relied on the due process clause, not the provisions of the Constitution that form the foundation for adult criminal procedure. The Court's reliance on due process means that the central goal in juvenile justice is fundamental fairness, which does not have …

Hetch Hetchy: To Drain Or Not To Drain, Hastings Law Journal

UC Law Journal

Can California afford to lose a major reservoir, even if it restores a jewel of Yosemite Valley? The California Department of Water Resources is scheduled to release a report (requested by Governor Schwarzenegger) on the feasibility of draining the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and restoring the valley that John Muir referred to as "one of natures rarest and most precious mountain temples." Proponents and opponents disagree over the cost of dam removal and valley restoration. This Panel of experts discussed and debated the numerous issues related to this matter.

Environmental Justice: Access To Clean Drinking Water, Hastings Law Journal

UC Law Journal

Many low-income communities and communities of color are unable to advocate for clean drinking water or oppose rate hikes for drinkable water. Failing infrastructure, industrial pollution, and increasing water scarcity in California disproportionately affect vulnerable, marginalized communities. This Panel focused on community organization and novel legal approaches (such as Title VI Civil Rights complaints) that could be used to advocate for clean drinking water.

The Voting Rights Act And The Racial Gap In Lost Votes, Paul Moke, Richard B. Saphire

UC Law Journal

Recent presidential and gubernatorial elections have exposed serious flaws in the process by which American voters participate in the democratic franchise. Studies have shown that African- Americans who use inferior punch card technology are more likely than non-African-Americans to be disenfranchised because of unintentional errors in the use of voting equipment. Following the disputed 2000 presidential election, several civil rights and civil liberties organizations used section 2 of the Voting Rights Act to challenge state voting technology, arguing that punch card equipment has an adverse impact on racial minorities.

This Article examines the empirical evidence on voting technology, residual votes, …

Looking For Law In China, Stanley B. Lubman

Hong Yen Chang Center for Chinese Legal Studies

I have been looking for law in China for over forty years. When I started in 1963, only a handful of other Westerners had also embarked on what then seemed an exotic academic excursion. Since then, after U.S.-China relations were reestablished in 1972, many other Americans have had reason to join in the search. Now, the growing potency of China's economic strength and international reach has made efforts to understand China more important than ever, and law has become a necessary medium for use in such efforts.

This article offers insights into critical institutions and practices that mark the legal …

The Bulletin, Undergraduate Catalog 2006-2007 (2006), Minnesota State University Moorhead

Undergraduate Bulletins (Catalogs)

No abstract provided.

Equality With A Vengeance – Women Conscientious Objectors In Pursuit Of A "Voice" And Substantive Gender Equality, Noya Rimalt

Studio for Law and Culture

This article examines the story of female draft resistors in Israel. The story serves as a case study that can provide important insights into the inherent constraints of contemporary legal discourse in promoting substantive gender equality and into the relationship between specific legal arrangements and the invisibility of women in the public sphere. This case study also sheds a more complex light on the nature of separate legal arrangements for women, and raises important questions about the appropriate feminist agenda for social and legal change.

Paradoxes Of Constitutional Democracy, Kevin Olson

Studio for Law and Culture

Drawing on the work of Frank Michelman and Jürgen Habermas, I outline two interconnected paradoxes of constitutional democracy. The paradox of the founding prevents a purely democratic constitution from being founded, because the procedures needed to secure its legitimacy cannot be spontaneously self-generated. It displays an infinite regression of procedures presupposing procedures. The paradox of dynamic indeterminacy heads off any attempt to resolve this problem through constitutional amendment. It shows that a developing constitution needs some standard to guide it towards legitimacy. Without such a standard, constitutional reform will be aimlessly indeterminate. After rejecting proposed solutions to these paradoxes based …