Digital Commons Network^™

Syringes In The Sea: Why Federal Regulation Of Medical Waste Is Long Overdue, Chryssa V. Deliganis, Steve P. Calandrillo

Georgia Law Review

The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina brought to the nation's attention the dangers of disease from unmanaged hazardous medical waste. Congress recognized this concern long ago when it passed the Medical Waste Tracking Act (MWTA), but since this program expired in the early 1990s, little of consequence has been done to regulate medical waste on the federal level. It is now time for a uniform federal system of medical waste regulation-one which (1) specifies minimum standards for handling, disposal, and treatment; (2) calls for nationwide tracking; (3) creates a regulatory framework for individual sources of medical waste; and (4) imposes civil …

The New International Health Regulations: An Historic Development For International Law And Public Health, David P. Fidler, Lawrence O. Gostin

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Imsa20: Bold Ideas, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

IMSA History

In the mid 1980s, the state of Illinois, recognizing a sharply increased need for highly skilled leaders in mathematics, science and technology, founded the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy®. Twenty years later, the national demand for mathematics, science and technology leaders has never been greater. The National Academies report - Rising Above the Gathering Storm and President Bush's American Competitiveness Initiative - address the growing concern that the United States is losing its competitive advantage as countries abroad invest heavily in the education and training of scientists and engineers. Both initiatives call for increased commitments in scientific research and in …

The Impact Of Immunization On The Association Between Poverty And Child Survival: Evidence From Kassena-Nankana District Of Northern Ghana, Ayaga A. Bawah, James F. Phillips, Martin Adjuik, Maya Vaughan-Smith, Bruce Macleod, Fred N. Binka

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Research conducted in Africa has demonstrated consistently that parental poverty and low educational attainment adversely affect child survival. Relative poverty has a pronounced effect on the survival of children, even in a setting where nearly all families are poor. Results from the research presented in the working paper lend strong support to the United Nations’ goal of reducing excess childhood mortality among the poor by directing a particular focus on immunization. Findings in this working paper show that the adverse effects of poverty disappear and that the effects of educational attainment are reduced in survival models that control for immunization …

Late Marriage And The Hiv Epidemic In Sub-Saharan Africa, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper assesses the potential roles of late age at marriage and a long period of premarital sexual activity as population risk factors for HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. The relationship between marital status and the prevalence and incidence of HIV is examined with ecological data from 33 countries in the region and with individual-level data from nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys in Kenya and Ghana in 2003. The ecological analysis finds a significant positive correlation between HIV prevalence and the median age at first marriage, and between HIV prevalence and the interval between first sex …

International Health Law, Jonathan Todres, Pamela L. Marcogliese, Laurel R. Hyle

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Computational Sciences: At The Intersection Of Science And Engineering--Case Study For Academic And Research Programs, Menas Kafatos, Peter Becker, Zafer Boybeyi̇

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.

West Nile Virus Quantification In Feces Of Experimentally Infected American And Fish Crows, Aaron Kipp, Jennifer Lehman, Richard Bowen, Patricia Fox, Michael Stephens, Kaci Klenk, Nicholas Komar, Michel Bunning

United States Public Health Resources

To better understand the potential environmental health risk presented by West Nile virus (WNV)- contaminated feces, we quantified the amount of WNV present in the feces of experimentally infected American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus). Peak fecal titers ranged from 10^3.5 to 10^8.8 plaque-forming units (PFU)/g for 10 American crows and from 10^2.3 to 10^6.4 PFU/g for 10 fish crows. The presence of infectious WNV in bird feces indicates a potential for direct transmission of WNV. Thus, handlers of sick or dead birds should take appropriate precautions to avoid …

Primaquine: Report From Cdc Expert Meeting On Malaria Chemoprophylaxis I, David R. Hill, J. Kevin Baird, Monica E. Parise, Linda S. Lewis, Edward T. Ryan, Alan J. Magill

United States Public Health Resources

Primaquine phosphate has been used for preventing relapse of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale malaria since the early 1950s, based on its ability to kill latent (hypnozoite) and developing liver stages of these parasites. There are three uses for primaquine in malaria: radical cure of established infection with P. vivax or P. ovale malaria; presumptive anti-relapse therapy (PART; terminal prophylaxis) in persons with extensive exposure to these parasites; and primary prophylaxis against all malaria species. All persons for whom primaquine is being considered must have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme level checked before use, and persons who have a deficiency …

Intra-Seasonal Ndvi Change Projections In Semi-Arid Africa, Chris C. Funk, Molly E. Brown

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

Early warning systems (EWS) tend to focus on the identification of slow onset disasters such famine and epidemic disease. Since hazardous environmental conditions often precede disastrous outcomes by many months, effective monitoring via satellite and in situ observations can successfully guide mitigation activities. Accurate short term forecasts of NDVI could increase lead times, making early warning earlier. This paper presents a simple empirical model for making 1 to 4 month NDVI projections. These statistical projections are based on parameterized satellite rainfall estimates (RFE) and relative humidity demand (RHD). A quasi-global, 1 month ahead, 1° study demonstrates reasonable accuracies in many …

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: Activities Report And Conference Proceedings 2006, Bridget Kavanagh-Patrick

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is close to being eradicated in the United States, but still poses a significant risk to domestic livestock, wildlife, companion animals and humans throughout the world.

The Michigan Bovine TB Eradication Project involves a multi-agency team of experts from the Michigan Departments of Agriculture (MDA), Natural Resources (DNR) and Community Health (DCH); Michigan State University (MSU) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Advances In Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis And Pathogenesis: What Policy Makers Need To Know, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The mainstay of tuberculosis diagnosis in cattle and deer has been the tuberculin skin test. Recent advances have allowed the incorporation of blood based assays to the diagnostic arsenal for both cattle and deer. Use of defined and specific antigens has allowed for improved specificity of cell mediated assays in both cattle and deer and advances in antibody tests for tuberculosis have potential for use in free-ranging and captive cervid populations. Combined use of blood-based assays with skin testing will require further understanding of the effect of skin testing on the accuracy of blood based assays. Models of experimental infection …

Index To The House Journal State Of Colorado: Sixty-Fifth General Assembly First Extraordinary Session At Denver, The State Capitol, Colorado General Assembly

Colorado House and Senate Journals

No abstract provided.

Immunogenicity Of Combination Dna Vaccines For Rift Valley Fever Virus, Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Hantaan Virus, And Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Connie Schmaljohn, Kristin Spik, Amy Shurtleff, Anita Mcelroy, Mary Guttieri, Jay Hooper

United States Army: Publications

DNAvaccines for RiftValley fever virus (RVFV), Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Hantaan virus (HTNV), were tested in mice alone or in various combinations. The bunyavirus vaccines (RVFV, CCHFV, and HTNV) expressed Gn and Gc genes, and the flavivirus vaccine (TBEV) expressed the preM and E genes. All vaccines were delivered by gene gun. The TBEV DNA vaccine and the RVFV DNA vaccine elicited similar levels of antibodies and protected mice from challenge when delivered alone or in combination with other DNAs. Although in general, the HTNV and CCHFV DNA vaccines were not very immunogenic …

Mefloquine Is Highly Efficacious Against Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium Vivax Malaria And Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria In Papua, Indonesia, Jason D. Maguire, Krisin, Hariyani Marwoto, Thomas L. Richie, David J. Fryauff, J. Kevin Baird

United States Navy: Publications

Background. During the period of 1996–1999, we prospectively monitored 243 Javanese adults and children after arriving in Papua, Indonesia, and microscopically documented each new case of malaria by active surveillance.

Methods. In a randomized, open-label, comparative malaria treatment trial, 72 adults and 50 children received chloroquine for each incident case of malaria, and 74 adults and 47 children received mefloquine.

Results. Among 975 primary treatment courses, the cumulative 28-day curative efficacies were 26% and 82% for chloroquine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Plasmodium vivax malaria, respectively. Mefloquine cure rates were far superior (96% against P. falciparum malaria and 99.6% against …

Combined Chloroquine, Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine And Primaquine Against Plasmodium Falciparum In Central Java, Indonesia, Edith R. Lederman, Jason D. Maguire, Iwa W. Sumawinata, Krisin Chand, Iqbal Elyazar, Lusi Estiana, Priyanto Sismadi, Michael J. Bangs, J. Kevin Baird

United States Navy: Publications

Background: Chloroquine (CQ) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) monotherapy for Plasmodium falciparum often leads to therapeutic failure in Indonesia. Combining CQ with other drugs, like SP, may provide an affordable, available and effective option where artemisinin-combined therapies (ACT) are not licensed or are unavailable.

Methods: This study compared CQ (n = 29 subjects) versus CQ + SP (with or without primaquine; n = 88) for clinical and parasitological cure of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Menoreh Hills region of southern Central Java, Indonesia. Gametocyte clearance rates were measured with (n = 56 subjects) and without (n = 61) a single 45 mg …

Baylor History Of Medicine Society Schedule 2006-2007, Baylor History Of Medicine Society

Houston History of Medicine Lectures (2006-2012)

• After Western Medicine: From Hippocrates to Xavier Bichat (H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.)
• Who Goes First? The Story of Self-Experimentation in Medicine (David Sears, M.D.)
• Exercise and Health: From Pre-History to the Present (Carlos Valbonna, M.D.)
• Supernaturalism to Rationalism and the Man Between (Student Essay Contest Winners) (Don Lassus)
• The Fog of War’s Silver Lining: The Lasting Impact of Military Medicine (Student Essay Contest Winners) (Ajit Vyas)
• From Drummers to Detail Men: Medicine and the pharmaceutical industry in the United States, 1900-1960 (Howard Brody)
• Eyewash and Thunderbolts: The Medical Adventures of Lewis and Clark (Herbert M. Swick)
• Angry Arrows and Satin …

The Lived Experience Of Lebanese Oncology Patients Receiving Palliative Care, Myrna Doumit

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to uncover the lived experience of Lebanese oncology patients receiving palliative care. The study design was based on the Utrecht School of phenomenology based on the Dutch school of phenomenology. This study followed purposeful sampling in which ten participants six women and four men with a mean age of 54.4 years were selected. The proposed research was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the American University of Beirut and Duquesne University. In-depth semi-structured interviews along with observation-field notes were used as the source for data collection. Data were analyzed using the hermeneutic phenomenological …

Barriers To The Dissemination Of Four Harm Reduction Strategies: A Survey Of Addiction Treatment Providers In Ontario, Karen L. Hobden, John A. Cunningham

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

A sample of service providers at addictions agencies' in Ontario were interviewed by telephone to assess attitudes toward, anticipated internal and external barriers to implementing, and expected benefits of four harm reduction strategies: needle exchange, moderate drinking goals, methadone treatment, and provision of free condoms to clients. Respondents were also asked to define harm reduction, list its most important elements, and describe what they find most troubling and most appealing about harm reduction. Attitudes toward harm reduction in general and the services provided at each agency were also assessed. Results indicated that the service providers surveyed had positive attitudes …

Economic Instruments For Water Pollution Control Policy Making Issues: Experiences From Colombia, Monica Mildrei Montoya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As part of the pollution control effort several developing countries have established economic-based initiatives to improve environmental quality. In this study the Colombian water pollution charge, which was implemented in 1997, is analyzed. The two key questions that this study attempts to answer are: 1) Does the performance of the pollution charge program in Colombia undermine the notion that economic instruments are not feasible in developing countries? 2) Which factors determine the performance of the water pollution charge program across regional environmental agencies in Colombia?

The answer to these questions provides valuable information for developing countries looking for more efficient …

Healthy State Of Mind And Body, Kathleen Haley

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Optimal Impulse Control Of Systems With Control Constraints And Application To Hiv Treatment, Vivek Yadav, S. N. Balakrishnan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, conditions for optimal impulse control of an impulsive system with constraints on control are derived. These hold for a system whose states can be changed instantaneously at discrete times with impulses while a continuous control is being applied between those times. The conditions derived are applied to the problem of optimal HIV treatment. Simulation results are presented to show the treatment procedure. The results obtained show that the intervention method developed leads to good results.

The Unbearable Lightness Of Regulatory Costs, Frank Ackerman

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The Article counters the presumption that increased environmental regulation necessarily decreases economic prosperity. It analyzes the European chemical regulatory structure and deduces that any costs imposed on the consumer are minimal, and more cost effective than watered-down American regulations covering the same subject matter with approximately the same cost imposed on the consumer-taxpayer. It argues the Office of Management and Budget and regulated industries have consistently overestimated the costs of environmental regulation and promoted the theory that environmental regulation causes factories and jobs to move offshore. It concludes that deregulation may not spur growth.

Assessment Of The Technology Of Genetic Modification In Light Of Its Socio-Economic Implications, Valentina Lootens

Masters Culminating Experiences (1993-2011)

Since Watson and Crick discovered the “double helix” in 1953, the arguments about the benefits and danger of genetic modification remain largely unanswered, particularly in the relation to food supply. Today, genetic modification or genetic engineering are global issues. Governments, scientific organizations, corporations, research institutions, and scholars hotly dispute the advantages and disadvantages of GM technology. However, unfortunately, the population at large is left in darkness about this new technology and its consequences for human health, environment and society. Moreover, genetic engineering creates a special problem: unlike many new technologies it is irreversible. Once introduced into the food chain, GM …

Annual Report On Research Activities 2005-2006, Lingnan University (Hong Kong, China)

Annual Report on Research Activities to Research Grants Council

No abstract provided.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Amplifies The Immune Response To Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Corneal Infection, Sharon A. Mcclellan, Xi Huang, Ronald P. Barrett, Shahrzad Lighvani, Yunfan Zhang, Dawn Richiert, Linda D. Hazlett

Peer Reviewed Articles

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.

METHODS. Gene array and selective real-time PCR examined MMP expression in the cornea of susceptible (C57BL/6, B6) versus resistant (BALB/c) mice before and after infection; zymography tested enzyme activity for MMP-2 and -9. Clinical score, Langerhans cell (LC), and Neutrophil (PMN) quantitation were done in recombinant (r) MMP-9, antibody neutralized, and MMP-9^−/− mice. The chemotactic potential of MMP-9 was tested in a Boyden chamber assay; light and transmission microscopy and immunostaining for collagen IV and MMP-9 were used …

Washington University Magazine, Summer 2006

Washington University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Washington University Magazine, Winter 2006

Washington University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Integration Without Unification: An Argument For Pluralism In The Biological Sciences, Michael Dietrich, Sandra D. Mitchell

Dartmouth Scholarship

In this article, we consider the tension between unification and pluralism in biological theory. We begin with a consideration of historical efforts to establish a unified understanding of evolution in the neo-Darwinian synthesis. The fragmentation of the evolutionary synthesis by molecular evolution suggests the limitations of the general unificationist ideal for biology but not necessarily for integrating explanations. In the second half of this article, we defend a specific variety of pluralism that allows for the integration required for explanations of complex phenomena without unification on a large scale.

Fear Of Democracy: A Cultural Evaluation Of Sunstein On Risk, Donald Braman, Dan M. Kahan, Paul Slovic, John Gastil

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

What dynamics shape public risk perceptions? What significance should such perceptions have in the formation of risk regulation? In Laws of Fear: Beyond the Precautionary Principle (2005), Cass Sunstein catalogs a variety of cognitive and social mechanisms that he argues inflate public estimations of various societal risks. To counter the impact of irrational public fears, he advocates delegation of authority to politically insulated experts using economic cost-benefit analysis. Missing from Sunstein's impressive account, however, is any attention to the impact of cultural cognition, the tendency of individuals to form risk perceptions that reflect and reinforce their cultural worldviews. Relying on …