Digital Commons Network^™

The Counter-Majoritarian Difficulty And The South African Constitutional Court, Reynaud N. Daniels, Jason Brickhill

Penn State International Law Review (1982 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of The Right Of Access To Sufficient Water Through Privatization In South Africa, Reynaud Daniels

Penn State Environmental Law Review (1991 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

Civil Society And Environmental Protection: The Case Of Jamaica, Harold A. Mcdougall

Penn State Environmental Law Review (1991 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

Toward A Legal Land Ethic: Punitive Damages, Natural Value, And The Ecological Commons, Alex Sienkiewicz

Penn State Environmental Law Review (1991 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

建置迷你臨床演練評量(Mini-Cex)之經驗與試辦成果, 偉德 陳, 正介 林, 秋錦 黃, 崇豪 蔡, 長海 蔡

Journal of Medical Education

迷你臨床演練評量(mini-CEX)藉著臨床教師直接觀察醫學生或住院醫師與病人之互動，依醫療面談、身體檢查、人道專業、臨床判斷、諮詢建議、組織效能及整體評量七項指標給予評量及回饋，已在多國實施，本文介紹在台灣建置mini-CEX之經驗，並報告工作坊及試辦之結果。經由印製中文版評量手冊，訓練種子教師，以及舉辦三場工作坊：包括簡報講解、分組錄影帶研習、小組報告及綜合討論、錄影帶模擬評量及回饋等方式，訓練臨床教師及醫學生後，開始進行試辦。工作坊共訓練389名師生，參與者大多能理解實施方式及評量項目，錄影帶模擬評量亦顯示參與者能分辨診療行為之優劣。試辦期共執行了115次mini-CEX，分別由主治醫師或住院醫師擔任教師，平均執行時間不到30分鐘。mini-CEX的評量項目與學習目標相符，信效度已被國外證實，能同時有量化及敘述性的資料，可行性極高，僅需加強評量項目與評分等級的訓練，應該可以彌補目前臨床教學缺少直接觀察的缺陷，達成多元評量的目的。

2005年台灣藥學教育白皮書, 慧玲 林, 光陽 許, 壯卿 闕, 安榮 李, 伯武 簡, 雅慧 高, 義弘 蔡, 建雄 張, 道昌 魏, 基旺 陳

Journal of Medical Education

台灣藥學會鑒於藥師養成的需求，起始改進藥學教育。本白皮書參酌美國藥學教育學會標準，對藥學教育的使命、規畫、評估、課程、招生、學生輔導、教師素質與評估、圖儀設備、實習場所與經費來源，訂定準則。此白皮書經全國藥學院／系教師及台灣臨床藥學會與中華民國藥師公會全聯會代表，於全國教育研討會及多次教育會議討論制定。我國與美國藥師養成教育最大的落差，包括需一年的課程補強：藥物治療學、藥品資訊與分析、公共衛生及流行病學、社會學及行為科學、健康照護體系經濟學，以及需有一年之進階藥學實習。此外，各校的醫院藥學實習、社區藥局實習等初級執業經驗課程的實習場所及課程水準參差不齊，亟需標準化。我國藥學教育所面臨最大的問題，是藥學專業師資嚴重不足。藥學院／系如何建立延攬臨床藥學師資的管道，確為提升藥學教育的當務之急。更重要的是，藥學教育改進必須經由執業環境的改善加以落實，因此執業法規與政策應配合檢討，而藥師執照考試之時間點更涉及整體制度變革，這些都是未來藥學教育改進必須進一步探討的議題。

職能治療專業認同感之探討：國立大學生的觀點, 致瑩 李, 麗英 鍾, 詞章 陳, 陳美津 施, 念慈 楊, 璦琬 潘

Journal of Medical Education

本研究是首次台灣職能治療界對專業認同感之研究文獻。本研究的目的是探討國立職能治療大學生對專業角色的認同情形，以及影響認同感的因素。本研究樣本為國內兩所國立大學職能治療之學生，共發放240份問卷，回收188份，回收率為78.3%。受測者平均年齡為20.75歲，共56位男性，女性132位。在「專業認同感」方面，79.5%的受測者屬於「認同」或「非常認同」；「是否瞭解職能治療的內容」方面，53.2%的受測者屬於「非常瞭解」或「瞭解」。不同年級間的認同感及瞭解程度具統計上的顯著差異。影響國立職能治療系學生對職能治療專業認同感的前三項因素依序是：「職能治療的大學實習」、「實習時的老師」、「家屬病患對職能治療師的肯定」。若以年級別個別分析影響認同感之因子，結果顯示「大學實習的經驗」是共同的影響因子。相關分析結果顯示，認同程度與年級別、喜歡職能治療與否、瞭解職能治療與否、未來從事職能治療可能性、職能治療未來發展潛能等變項具有統計上的顯著相關(ρ=.148~ρ=.530)。以認同感程度為依變項進行逐步迴歸分析，結果「喜歡就讀的學系」、「喜歡職能治療」、「了解職能治療」、「年級別」以及「未來可能從事職能治療」五個因子共解釋了48%的變異量。本研究結果顯示，大多數國立職能治療學系大學生認同職能治療專業，不同年級學生的認同感有所差異，而實習的教師及實習經驗會影響學生對專業的認同程度。本研究結果可提供專業教育者參考，做為提升學生專業認同感之依據。

醫學系學生之死亡概念, 栩隆 洪, 秉穎 鍾, 利中 張

Journal of Medical Education

本研究旨在了解醫學系學生的死亡相關概念，以供往後醫學教育中死亡學課程的設計與國內量表研發之參考。本研究以個人建構理論為基礎，採用三角比較法，對36名分層隨機抽樣產生的研究對象進行半結構式的訪談。蒐集到的資料，應用以「個人建構」為基礎的編碼系統來分析醫學系學生的死亡概念。結果發現這群醫學系學生的死亡建構面向分布情形，與含有醫學院其他科系學生的死亡建構分佈情形及排序情形不同。後者最普遍的概念是在死後生命的存在感，而前者則強調自由選擇程度，顯示他們在面對死亡時，希望能擁有較多的控制權，並企圖扮演「終極拯救者」的決心與自信來面對死亡的威脅。因此應妥善規劃醫學生的死亡教育，讓未來醫師擁有正確的知能，不僅使自己能適切地因應死亡的焦慮，也有能力協助處理臨終病人及家屬們的情緒，在全人的照顧上有更好的成效。

四種不同入學管道醫學生在接受醫學課程整合教育時學習成績之比較, 正芳 顏, 宏文 劉, 克明 劉, 春生 賴, 俊雄 黃, 尹亭 黃

Journal of Medical Education

本研究的目的在於了解：經大學聯招、申請和推薦甄試、僑生身分入學的醫學系三年級（以下簡稱醫三）和學士後醫學系一年級（以下簡稱後醫一）等四種不同管道入學的醫學生，在接受第一學期基礎臨床整合教育時的學業表現是否有所差異，以供未來持續改革醫學教育入學制度之參考。研究對象是高雄醫學大學醫學院九十四學年度接受基礎和臨床課程整合教育的醫三和後醫一醫學生，經排除特殊身分者的大學聯招入學、申請和推薦甄試入學、僑生和後醫系醫學生，分析四組醫學生在第一學期基礎臨床整合教育四個學習單元的成績表現，以檢定是否因入學管道不同而有所差異。研究結果顯示：在四個學習單元的學業成績上，後醫系醫學生和醫學系申請推甄入學生的成績表現並未達顯著差異，但此兩組醫學生有兩個學習單元的成績表現比大學聯招入學生顯著較佳、另兩個單元表現則無顯著差異，而所有單元表現皆比僑生較佳。由第一學期基礎臨床整合教育的成績表現來看，學士後醫學系和醫學系申請推甄入學的醫學生在學習評量成績上有較佳的表現，而僑生的學習需要進一步的協助。

國家倫理委員會（一）, 甫昌 蔡

Journal of Medical Education

國家倫理委員會(national ethics committee)在歐美先進國家之設置與發展已有相當之時日，近年來部分亞洲國家亦開始積極投入，本文回顧各國國家倫理委員會之發展現況，包括美國、英國、德國、荷蘭、法國、丹麥、瑞典、芬蘭、日本、新加坡、南韓，並綜合各國之發展經驗，分析國家倫理委員會之運作模式、功能任務、研討議題等，最後簡介我國已設立之相關委員會。相較之下，我國國家倫理委員會之發展尚屬起步階段，宜吸取先進國家之發展經驗、規劃出適合我國發展之策略，以面對時代之挑戰。

Secondary Metabolic Gene Cluster Silencing In Aspergillus Nidulans, J. W. Bok, D. Noordermeer, Shubha Kale Ireland, N. P. Keller

Faculty and Staff Publications

In contrast to most primary metabolism genes, the genes involved in secondary metabolism and certain nutrient utilization pathways are clustered in fungi. Recently a nuclear protein, LaeA, was found to be required for the transcription of several secondary metabolite gene clusters in Aspergillus nidulans. Here we show that LaeA regulation does not extend to nutrient utilization or the spoC1 sporulation clusters. One of the secondary metabolite clusters regulated by LaeA contains the positive regulatory (i.e. aflR) and biosynthetic genes required for biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (ST), a carcinogenic toxin. Analysis of ST gene cluster expression indicates LaeA regulation of the cluster …

Contents, Anon

Washington International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Sustainable Energy Law In Latin America, Victor M. Tafur

Dissertations & Theses

This dissertation addresses legal issues at the intersection of energy and environmental law in Latin America. It is intended for legal and non–legal researchers, scholars and decision-makers in the Latin American region and worldwide, as a contribution to understanding the complexities and particularities involved at the nexus of energy and environmental law in the Latin American context. To achieve these goals, the study analyses the legal principles behind energy and environmental regulation in the region, compares specific energy and environmental laws in various countries of Latin America, and advances several theses as a result of the analysis.

Moses Levy Of Florida: Jewish Utopian And Antebellum Reformer, Robert A. Taylor

Civil War Book Review

Activist, Reformer, Visionary

An Early Proponent of Abolition

Shareholder Democracy And The Economic Purpose Of The Corporation, Donald J. Smythe

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Practice What You Preach: How Restorative Justice Could Solve The Judicial Problems In Clergy Sexual Abuse Cases, Diana L. Grimes

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Substantive Due Process And Discourse Ethics: Rethinking Fundamental Rights Analysis, Timothy P. Loper

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Information Asymmetry, Race, And The "Death Tax", Rebecca Safford

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Global Warming Litigation Under The Alien Tort Claims Act: What Sosa V. Alvarez Machain And Its Progeny Mean For Indigenous Arctic Communities, Mini Kaur

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Beyond Fair Use: The Right To Contract Around Copyright Protection Of Reverse Engineering In The Software Industry, David N. Pruitt

Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property

No abstract provided.

The Regulation Of Biologic Medicine: Innovator's Rights And Access To Healthcare, Dawn Willow

Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property

No abstract provided.

Examining The Cdcynergy Event Assessment Tool: An Investigation Of The Anthrax Crisis In Boca Raton, Florida, J. J. Mcintyre, Steven J. Venette

Faculty Publications

This paper examines the dependability of the Event Assessment Tool over time. The latter is part of a CD-ROM-Emergency Risk Communication CDCynergy-distributed primarily to public information officers in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Event Assessment Tool is designed to aid emergency professionals in identifying the magnitude of a crisis event and to suggest appropriate actions to confront such a situation. Applied twice during the 2001 anthrax bioterrorism crisis in Boca Raton, Florida, the tool functioned in a binary manner by first indicating a moderate crisis level (on 4 October) and then four days …

Relationships Of Coaching Leadership And Team Cohesion On Team Performance In Taiwanese College Basketball Programs, Heng-Chi (Jacky) Chih

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

This research explored the relationships between perceived leadership behaviors of college basketball coaches, team cohesion, and team performance, according to conference levels, genders, and years of team participation in Taiwanese college basketball programs. The study employed stratified random sampling to select 640 subjects fiom male and female Taiwanese college conference Al, A2, and A3, participated in the University Basketball Association (UBA) of Taiwan in 2005. A total of 522 participants who responded were valid. This study employed a four-part questionnaire to measure the variables and consists of the Socio-Demographic Profile, Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS), Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ), and …

An Event-Driven Approach To Computerizing Clinical Guidelines Using Xml, Bing Wu, Essam Mansour, Kudakwashe Dube, Jianxin Li

Conference Papers

Clinical events form the basis of patient care practice. Their computerization is an important aid to the work of clinicians. Clinical guidelines or protocols direct clinicians and patients on when and how to handle clinical problems. Thus, clinical guidelines are an encapsulation of clinical events. Hence, an event-driven approach to computerizing the management of clinical guidelines is worthy of investigation. In our framework, called SpEM, the main clinical guideline management dimensions are specification, execution, and manipulation. This paper presents an event-driven approach, within the context of the SpEM framework, to manage clinical guidelines. The event-driven approach is based on the …

Silica-Coated Lanthanum-Strontium Manganites For Hyperthermia Treatments, Vuk Uskoković, Aljoša Košak, Miha Drofenik

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

La_0.76Sr_0.24MnO_{3 + δ} particles, prepared by performing a traditional, solid-state method of synthesis, were coated by uniform layers of silica via initiating hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS in aqueous–alcoholic alkali environment. The eventually obtained samples exhibited Curie temperature at ∼40 °C, and comprised core-shell particles of ∼250 nm in diameter. By varying stoichiometric ratio of cations within manganite cores of the particles, Curie point of the resulting material can be varied too, thus opening a way for the simple design of biocompatible, temperature-self-regulating particles for application in hyperthermia treatments, with Curie point thereof adjusted to …

Review Of Mental Disorders In The Social Environment. Stuart A. Kirk (Ed.). Reviewed By Kia J. Bentley., Kia J. Bentley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Stuart A. Kirk (Ed.), Mental Disorders in the Social Environment: Critical Perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005, $69.50 hardcover, $34.50 papercover.

Teachers Job Satisfaction And Motivation For School Effectiveness: An Assessment, Nwachukwu Prince Ololube

Essays in Education

Significantly, job satisfaction and motivation are very essential to the continuing growth of educational systems around the world and they rank alongside professional knowledge and skills, center competencies, educational resources as well as strategies, in genuinely determining educational success and performance. This study assessed the differences and relationship between the level of teachers’ job satisfaction, motivation and their teaching performance in Rivers State of Nigeria. A questionnaire titled ‘TEJOSAMOQ’ was used to collect data for the study. While the data for the study was analyzed using multiple statistical procedures: mean point value, standard deviation, and variance, t-test of significance and …

Economic Growth And Human Capital Development: The Case Study Of Nigeria, Moses F. Otu, Adeniyi O. Adenuga

Economic and Financial Review

The paper examines empirically the relationship between economic growth and human capital development using Nigeria data. Microeconomics variables such as Growth of real gross domestic products (RGDPG), capital expenditure (CE) on education. recurrent expenditure on education (RE), real gross capital formation (RGCF) was used to proxy physical formation, enrolment into primary (PRYE), post-primary (PPE) and tertiary (TERE) educational institutional were used to proxy human capital development. It found that investment in human capital, through the availability of infrastructure requirements in the education sector accelerates economics growth.

Making Health Care Accountable: Why Performance-Based Funding Of Health Services In Developing Countries Is Getting More Attention. A Review, Nkenchor N. Igue

Economic and Financial Review

This article examines the impact of performance based health funding in developing countries. It findings reveals that developing countries spent more on performance based health services which was identified as key factor to actualizing the target goal of the United Nation (UN) program called Millennium Development Goals.

Comparison Of The Automated Cobas Amplicor Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Assay With The Conventional Methods For Direct Detection Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex In Respiratory And Extrapulmonary Specimens, Mubarak S. Alfaresi, Adeel I. Abdulsalam, Abida A. Elkoush

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the recently available Cobas Amplicor polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in well-characterized clinical specimens and to compare the results with clinical classification, conventional culture and staining techniques. METHODS: Three hundred and forty-four clinical specimens consecutively received for culture of acid-fast bacilli by the laboratory of Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, from 2004 to 2005, were used in this study. Acid-fast bacilli and culture for tuberculosis were compared with Cobas Amplicor PCR. RESULTS: The final diagnostic evaluation of the Cobas Amplicor MTB showed the followings: sensitivity 73.3%, …