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2006

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Endothelial Cell Mediators Of Angiogenesis InBartonella Henselae Infection, Amy M. Mccord Jan 2006

Endothelial Cell Mediators Of Angiogenesis InBartonella Henselae Infection, Amy M. Mccord

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA), one of the clinical manifestations resulting from infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Bartonella henselae, is characterized by angiogenic lesions. Endothelial cells have been identified as host cells for this pathogen and are presumed important for pathogenesis as lesions contain bacteria in direct contact with the endothelium. Lesions also contain infiltrating macrophages, which contribute to the angiogenic process during B. henselae infection by secreting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). While virulence factors have been characterized, and the role for macrophages in B. henselae infection has been established, endothelial cell mediators of angiogenesis have not been well defined. …


Analysis Of Acoustic Emission In Cohesionless Soil, Jeyisanker Mathiyaparanam Jan 2006

Analysis Of Acoustic Emission In Cohesionless Soil, Jeyisanker Mathiyaparanam

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Acoustic emission is a widely used nondestructive technique for identification of structural damage. The AE technique relies on transient energy waves generated by the materials during their failure. As for soils, the basic causes of acoustic emission are the mechanisms which are responsible for shearing of soils. Mobilization of shear strength within a soil itself and the interaction of the soil with the adjacent natural or construction materials are directly related to the level of acoustic emission in soils. It is envisioned that acoustic emission signals in deforming soils can be used as an early warning sign in real time …


Electrogenetherapy Of Established B16 Murine Melanoma By Using An Expression Plasmid For Hiv-1 Viral Protein R, Andrea Nicole Mccray Jan 2006

Electrogenetherapy Of Established B16 Murine Melanoma By Using An Expression Plasmid For Hiv-1 Viral Protein R, Andrea Nicole Mccray

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Novel therapies and delivery methods directed against malignancies such as melanoma, and particularly metastatic melanoma, are needed. The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr (viral protein R) has previously been demonstrated to induce G2 cell cycle arrest as well as in vitro growth inhibition/killing of numerous tumor cell lines. In vivo electroporation has been utilized as an effective delivery method for pharmacologic agents as well as DNA plasmids that express "therapeutic" proteins and has been targeted to various tissues including malignant tumors. In this study, we assessed the ability of electroporation-mediated delivery of Vpr plasmid (pVpr) to induce growth attenuation or complete …


Examining The Characteristics Of Teachers In A Master Of Arts In Teaching (Mat) Program In Varying Exceptionalities: Responding To The “Highly Qualified” Teacher Mandate, Erica Djuan Mccray Jan 2006

Examining The Characteristics Of Teachers In A Master Of Arts In Teaching (Mat) Program In Varying Exceptionalities: Responding To The “Highly Qualified” Teacher Mandate, Erica Djuan Mccray

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (2002) mandated that every teacher be highly qualified by the close of the 2005-2006 school year. However, the means by which newly certified teachers are prepared has been questioned. In addition to understanding how teachers enter the field, researchers have indicated a vested interest in examining who comes into the field. More specifically, the characteristics and experiences of pre-service and in-service special educators are of great interest (McKlesky & Ross, 2003; Rosenberg & Sindelar, 2001). The present study examined the characteristics of six teachers in the final internship phase of a Master …


The Ethics Of The Spirit In Galatians: Considering Paul’S Paranesis In The Interpretation Of His Theology, Steven Douglas Meigs Jan 2006

The Ethics Of The Spirit In Galatians: Considering Paul’S Paranesis In The Interpretation Of His Theology, Steven Douglas Meigs

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The faith versus works dichotomy that has been a foundation of Protestant Christianity for centuries is derived in large part from a flawed understanding of Paul's theology in the epistles to the Galatians and Romans. In the wake of WWII, scholars began reexamining Pauline theological constructs and proposing new ways of understanding Paul's arguments regarding faith and works. James D. G. Dunn dubbed this dialogue the "new perspective." This paper will contribute to one particular aspect of new perspective dialogue: understanding the relation of the paranetic material in the final two chapters of Galatians to Paul's theological arguments in the …


Pediatric Healthcare Providers’ Screening Practices: Impact Of Training On Early Identification Of Autism, Aja M. Meyer Jan 2006

Pediatric Healthcare Providers’ Screening Practices: Impact Of Training On Early Identification Of Autism, Aja M. Meyer

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study explored the effectiveness of the Autism System of Care (ASC) trainings by measuring change in pediatric healthcare providers' method of identifying young children at-risk for autism spectrum disorders. The majority of participants were pediatricians working in either hospitals or clinics who voluntarily participated in the training. A pretest-posttest nonequivalent-groups design was used in this study. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were used to measure change in participants' screening practices. Due to a small number of participants, most findings from the study were not statistically significant. The small number of healthcare providers who participated in the ASC training was a …


The Effects Of American Diabetes Association (Ada) Diabetes Self-Management Education And Continuous Glucose Monitoring On Diabetes Health Beliefs, Behaviors And Metabolic Control, Jodee Meisenhelder-Smith Jan 2006

The Effects Of American Diabetes Association (Ada) Diabetes Self-Management Education And Continuous Glucose Monitoring On Diabetes Health Beliefs, Behaviors And Metabolic Control, Jodee Meisenhelder-Smith

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether adults with type 2 diabetes participating in American Diabetes Association (ADA) diabetes self-management education (DSME) randomly assigned to an intensive follow-up group (IFG), utilizing continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS), or a standard follow-up group (SFG) have any significant differences in mean HgbA1c values and health belief scores over time. Baseline HgbA1c values and health beliefs were measured using the revised Expanded Health Belief Model (HBM) questionnaire. The questionnaire measured the 8 HBM domains: perceived susceptibility; severity; treatment benefit; cues to action; motivation; barriers; self-efficacy and structural elements. Twelve weeks after DSME, …


Molecular Simulations Of Pd Based Hydrogen Sensing Materials, Ling Miao Jan 2006

Molecular Simulations Of Pd Based Hydrogen Sensing Materials, Ling Miao

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Hydrogen sensor technology is a crucial component for safety and many other practical concerns in the hydrogen economy. To achieve a desired sensor performance, proper choice of sensing material is critical, because it directly affects the main features of a sensor, such as response time, sensitivity, and selectivity. Palladium is well-known for its ability to sorb a large amount of hydrogen. Most hydrogen sensors use Pd-based sensing materials. Since hydrogen sensing is based on surface and interfacial interactions between the sensing material and hydrogen molecules, nanomaterials, a group of low dimensional systems with large surface to volume ratio, have become …


Multicultural Education And Cultural Competence In The High Accountability Era: A Study Of Teacher Perception, Jennifer Morley Jan 2006

Multicultural Education And Cultural Competence In The High Accountability Era: A Study Of Teacher Perception, Jennifer Morley

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As America's public schools become more diverse, the achievement gap between white students and students of color persists. These gaps are even more apparent in urban areas that serve large numbers of poor students of color. Because the population of aspiring teachers is increasingly white and middle class, theorists and teacher trainers often recommend multicultural education as a solution to working successfully in these schools. Multicultural education theorists claim that their suggestions for K-12 practitioners have not been infused into classrooms and schools, and so maintain that additional training opportunities should be provided for teachers. Although there is ample literature …


Goal Conflicts, Self-Regulation, And Course Completion: A Comparison Of Web-Based Learners To Traditional Classroom Learners, Barbara Moore Jan 2006

Goal Conflicts, Self-Regulation, And Course Completion: A Comparison Of Web-Based Learners To Traditional Classroom Learners, Barbara Moore

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the goal conflicts, self-regulation, and course completion of post-secondary learners and to compare these factors in distance and traditional learners. Participants completed a self-report survey given on-line to those who had Internet access and administered in paper format to students in traditional classrooms. Procrastination, socializing, and employment were the most common goal conflicts reported by participants. Significantly more web-based students than traditional students were employed and were employed more average hours. Web-based students also had more children under the age of 12 than did traditional students. A significantly greater percentage of web-based …


Regression Approach To Software Reliability Models, Abdelelah M. Mostafa Jan 2006

Regression Approach To Software Reliability Models, Abdelelah M. Mostafa

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Many software reliability growth models have beenanalyzed for measuring the growth of software reliability. In this dissertation, regression methods are explored to study software reliability models. First, two parametric linear models are proposed and analyzed, the simple linear regression and transformed linearregression corresponding to a power law process. Some software failure data sets do not follow the linear pattern. Analysis of popular real life data showed that these contain outliers andleverage values. Linear regression methods based on least squares are sensitive to outliers and leverage values. Even though the parametric regression methods give good results in terms of error measurement …


Generalized Non-Dimensional Depth-Discharge Rating Curves Tested On Florida Streamflow, Auristela Mueses-Pã©Rez Jan 2006

Generalized Non-Dimensional Depth-Discharge Rating Curves Tested On Florida Streamflow, Auristela Mueses-Pã©Rez

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A generalized non-dimensional mathematical expression has been developed to describe the rating relation of depth and discharge for intermediate and high streamflow of natural and controlled streams. The expressions have been tested against observations from forty-three stations in West-Central Florida. The intermediate-flow region model has also been validated using data from thirty additional stations in the study area. The proposed model for the intermediate flow is a log-linear equation with zero intercept and the proposed model for the high-flow region is a log-linear equation with a variable intercept. The models are normalized by the depth and discharge values at 10 …


Thermal Analyses Of Hydrophilic Polymers Used In Nanocomposites And Biocompatible Coatings, Kadine Mohomed Jan 2006

Thermal Analyses Of Hydrophilic Polymers Used In Nanocomposites And Biocompatible Coatings, Kadine Mohomed

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

ABSRACT: This research focuses on two hydrophilic polymers that form hydrogels when they sorb water: Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and Poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PDHPMA). Present work in the field obviated the need to properly characterize the thermal and dielectric properties of these materials.The dielectric permittivity, e', and the loss factor, e", of dry poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate) were measured using a dielectric analyzer in the frequency range of 0.1Hz to 100 kHz and between the temperature range of -150 °C to 275°C. The dielectric response of the sub-Tg gamma transition of PHEMA has been widely studied before but little to no …


Distribution And Habitat Characterization Of The Florida Burrowing Owl In Non-Urban Areas, Mark S. Mueller Jan 2006

Distribution And Habitat Characterization Of The Florida Burrowing Owl In Non-Urban Areas, Mark S. Mueller

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The full geographic distribution and habitat use of the Florida Burrowing Owl, a state "Species of Special Concern," is not well-understood, particularly in remote, non-urban areas. This thesis aimed to expand and improve knowledge about non-urban burrowing owls. We first compiled databases of historic sighting observations. Fieldwork verified and updated existing breeding observation point records and also yielded new breeding locations. Using a GIS, we characterized observed land use, landcover, relevant soil attributes, projected future land use and managed area status for selected points. We quantified landcover within biologically-determined buffer distances around burrows from our own field-verified records. Using standard …


The Contribution Of The Neighborhood Context To Social Disparities In Access To Health Care Among Sexually Experienced Adolescent Females, Jodi Nearns Jan 2006

The Contribution Of The Neighborhood Context To Social Disparities In Access To Health Care Among Sexually Experienced Adolescent Females, Jodi Nearns

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Access to health care is an important resource for sexually experienced adolescent females in the prevention of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However, a paucity of research exists regarding the extent to which social disparities in access to health care exist among this vulnerable population of adolescents, including the potential contribution of the neighborhood context. Therefore, the primary aims of this dissertation were to examine (1) the extent to which racial and socioeconomic disparities in access to health care exist among sexually experienced adolescent females, (2) the extent to which access to health care among sexually experienced …


A Design Of Experiments Study Of Procedure For Assembling Bascule Bridge Fulcrum, Cuong Q. Nguyen Jan 2006

A Design Of Experiments Study Of Procedure For Assembling Bascule Bridge Fulcrum, Cuong Q. Nguyen

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A bascule bridge is a type of movable bridge that can be opened or closed to facilitate the movement of water-borne traffic such as ships and yachts. Trunnion-Hub-Girder (THG) assembly plays a role as a fulcrum in the bascule bridge. To make the fulcrum, the trunnion is shrink-fitted into the hub, and then the trunnion-hub assembly is shrink-fitted into the girder. Hundreds of thousands of dollars could be lost due to failures during this step. Crack formations in the hubs of various Florida bascule bridges during assembly led the Florida Department of Transportation to commission a project with USF professors …


The Information Technology Professional’S Psychological Contract Viewed Through Their Employment Arrangement And The Relationship To Organizational Behaviors, Sandra Kay Newton Jan 2006

The Information Technology Professional’S Psychological Contract Viewed Through Their Employment Arrangement And The Relationship To Organizational Behaviors, Sandra Kay Newton

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Information technology (IT) professionals are continually placed in diverse employment arrangements as organizations continually look for ways to cut costs, enhance performance and maximize organizational goals. Organizations are using strategies beyond hiring permanent employees to achieve objectives in alternative sourcing. Even though the cost differential is positive when employing non-permanent individuals instead of permanent employees, little is known about the effects on the IT professional.This field study was designed to test the effects of employment arrangements on the IT professional's psychological contract and the effects of the level of fulfillment of their psychological contract on their organizational citizenship and innovative …


Vocal And Instrumental Musicians: Electrophysiologic And Psychoacoustic Analysis Of Pitch Discrimination And Production, Dee Adams Nikjeh Jan 2006

Vocal And Instrumental Musicians: Electrophysiologic And Psychoacoustic Analysis Of Pitch Discrimination And Production, Dee Adams Nikjeh

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Neurological evidence indicates that instrumental musicians experience changes in the auditory system following skill acquisition and sensory training; yet, little is known about auditory neural plasticity in formally trained vocal musicians. Furthermore, auditory pitch discrimination and laryngeal control are recognized as essential skills for vocal musicians; however, the relationship between physiological variables, perceptual abilities, and vocal production is unclear. Electrophysiologic and psychoacoustic measures were used to examine pitch production accuracy as well as pre-attentive and active pitch discrimination between nonmusicians and two classes of musicians. Participants included 40 formally trained musicians (19 vocalists/21 instrumentalists) and 21 nonmusician controls. All were …


Effects Of Translocation On The Florida Burrowing Owl, Athene Cunicularia Floridana, Per Anders Nixon Jan 2006

Effects Of Translocation On The Florida Burrowing Owl, Athene Cunicularia Floridana, Per Anders Nixon

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

At present, the Florida Burrowing Owl is being threatened by extensive habitat development throughout their small range in the state. Unfortunately, developers are able to collapse burrowing owl burrows during the non-breeding season and flush the owls from an area. In other areas such as Arizona and British Columbia translocation is being utilized to mitigate the effects of development on burrowing owls. In March 2006, the only translocation of burrowing owls in Florida was conducted by Mosaic Phosphate Company. The purpose of this thesis was to elucidate the effects of translocation on Florida burrowing owls. Topics of research include activity …


Investigating The Fouling Behavior Of Reverse Osmosis Membranes Under Different Operating Conditions, Dhananjaya P. Niriella Jan 2006

Investigating The Fouling Behavior Of Reverse Osmosis Membranes Under Different Operating Conditions, Dhananjaya P. Niriella

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation describes the investigation of the fouling of a reverse osmosis membrane under different operating conditions. A mass transfer model to predict the permeate flux decline is defined. These studies used kaolin clay and bentonite clay as the fouling particles. As the membranes, thin film Low fouling Composite 1 polyamide reverse osmosis flat sheet membranes were used. Baseline experiments using only kaolin in D.I. water were conducted. At an operating pressure of approximately 1,380 kPa, no flux decline was observed. These results established the effects of a membrane-particle interaction. For the fouling experiments with kaolin clay, experiments show a …


Measurement Of Nerve Growth Factor In Induced Sputum And Exhaled Breath Condensate, Victor Maduabuchi Nwiloh Jan 2006

Measurement Of Nerve Growth Factor In Induced Sputum And Exhaled Breath Condensate, Victor Maduabuchi Nwiloh

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Several tests are available for evaluation of respiratory disorders but most of them are invasive and associated with some risk or patient discomfort. Examples include bronchoscopy (bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL) [1], venopuncture [2] and sputum induction [3]. Noninvasive sampling of nongaseous substances contained in expired air, collected as exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been used to detect inflammatory markers and by-products including nitric oxide and arachidonic acid metabolites and proteins [4]. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein that has been implicated in neurogenic airway inflammation and this pilot study aimed to develop a non-invasive approach for evaluation of allergic airway …


The Acquisition Of Spanish Through Videoconferencing And Video-Based Lessons By Individual Fifth Graders, Annette L. Norwood Jan 2006

The Acquisition Of Spanish Through Videoconferencing And Video-Based Lessons By Individual Fifth Graders, Annette L. Norwood

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth examination of the language learning experiences of four fifth-grade students learning Spanish through videoconferencing and video-based lessons. This interpretive qualitative study involved intensive data collection over a period of 7 months through participant observation, audio and video recording of classes with subsequent transcription, and interviews of the students and their teachers. The following points of focus guided this research: (a) What instances of interaction and output are observed in the different instructional settings?; (b) Are patterns of change observed in learners' language production during the period under study?; (c) What …


Coral Reef Habitat Change And Water Clarity Assessment (1984-2002) For The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Using Landsat Satellite Data, David A. Palandro Jan 2006

Coral Reef Habitat Change And Water Clarity Assessment (1984-2002) For The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Using Landsat Satellite Data, David A. Palandro

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The decline of coral reef habitats has been witnessed on a global scale, with some of the most dramatic decline occurring in the florida keys. as remote sensing can provide a synoptic view of coral reef ecosystems, 28 landsat images (1984-2002) were utilized to study water clarity and habitat change. first, the data were used to derive the diffuse attenuation coefficient (kd, m-1), a measure of water clarity, for 29 sites throughout the florida keys national marine sanctuary (fknms). landsat-derived kd values from bands 1 (blue) and 2 (green) provided useful information for 26 of 29 sites, whereas band 3 …


Maximizing The Educational Effects Of Collaborative Learning: The Role Of Vested Interest, Christina Partin Jan 2006

Maximizing The Educational Effects Of Collaborative Learning: The Role Of Vested Interest, Christina Partin

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study, using a quasi-experimental research design, investigates connections between pedagogy and social psychology by applying social psychological theories of group work and interaction to collaborative learning, a current trend in pedagogical techniques. It was hypothesized that by creating a setting in which students would be evaluated based in part on the performance of their peers would improve their individual performance. The incentive (a percentage of their grade) would hypothetically motivate students to teach their peers effectively; thus they would be taking a vested-interest role in becoming a co-teacher to their partner. This study was implemented by examining two sections …


Late Holocene Planktic Foraminiferal Assemblages From Orca Basin; Effects Of Dissolution On Faunal Assemblages, Denise D. Palmer Jan 2006

Late Holocene Planktic Foraminiferal Assemblages From Orca Basin; Effects Of Dissolution On Faunal Assemblages, Denise D. Palmer

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Studies of planktic foraminifers have been, and continue to be, very important to paleoceanographic reconstructions and are dependent on the integrity of the carbonate tests. This study investigates the methods and procedures that can be used to obtain an accurate planktic foraminifer assemblage. Samples from Orca Basin boxcore OB-BC4D were processed and examined to obtain census data on planktic foraminifers. Experimentation of the splitting technique demonstrates the method is acceptable for estimating a planktic foraminifer assemblage. The effects of a sonication step in the processing of the faunal assemblage were also examined and revealed that sonication is not recommended for …


A Novel Approach To Manipulate Cavity Size In Resorcinarenes, Sumedh Parulekar Jan 2006

A Novel Approach To Manipulate Cavity Size In Resorcinarenes, Sumedh Parulekar

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Intramolecular ring closing metathesis in the presence of Grubbs' catalyst has been used as an efficient approach to synthesize bridged resorcinarenes. Octaallyl cavitands may undergo conformational changes; however bridge formation by RCM of the allyl groups gives a rigid, enforced, concave cavity capable of holding neutral molecules. This is the first report describing tandem formation of the four bridges on the upper rim of resorcinarenes. Structures of bridged resorcinarenes are confirmed by spectral analysis data.This report also describes the synthesis of polyhydroxy resorcinarenes, which have been used as metal complexing agents, sensors, receptors, molecular reaction vessels and catalytic chambers. They …


Breast Cancer: Relationship Between Acculturation And Barriers To Breast Cancer Screening In Southwest Florida Latinas, Patricia Patino Jan 2006

Breast Cancer: Relationship Between Acculturation And Barriers To Breast Cancer Screening In Southwest Florida Latinas, Patricia Patino

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Despite multiple campaigns by the American Cancer Society, reports indicate that Latinas living in the United States who contract breast cancer are more likely than Anglos to die. These findings correlate with low participation in breast cancer screenings among Latinas. The objective of this study was to identify key obstacles that influence Latinas' low participation in breast cancer screenings, based on their health beliefs, knowledge of screenings, acculturation, and socio-economic factors.The study was a face-to-face informal interview, combined with a survey questionnaire conducted at churches, social clubs and/or at the participants' homes in a southwest Florida urban community. The sample …


Recognizable Languages Defined By Two-Dimensional Shift Spaces, Joni Burnette Pirnot Jan 2006

Recognizable Languages Defined By Two-Dimensional Shift Spaces, Joni Burnette Pirnot

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

There are numerous connections between the theory of formal languages and that of symbolic dynamics. In each, the transition from one dimension to two dimensionsis accompanied by much difficulty due in large part to the emptiness problem, which is related to the presence (or lack thereof) of periodic points and is known to be undecidable. Here, we focus on two-dimensional languages that have the property that all blocks allowed by the language can be extended to a configuration of the plane satisfying the structure of the language; for such languages the emptiness problem is not an issue. We first show …


Analysis Of Quasiconformal Maps In RN, Andrew Purcell Jan 2006

Analysis Of Quasiconformal Maps In RN, Andrew Purcell

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we examine quasiconformal mappings in Rn. We begin by proving basic properties of the modulus of curve families. We then give the geometric, analytic,and metric space definitions of quasiconformal maps and show their equivalence. We conclude with several computational examples.


Contributions To The Degree Theory For Perturbations Of Maximal Monotone Maps, Joseph Quarcoo Jan 2006

Contributions To The Degree Theory For Perturbations Of Maximal Monotone Maps, Joseph Quarcoo

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Let x be a real reflexive separable locally uniformly convex banach space with locally uniformly convex dual spacex *. Let t:x\supset d(t)\rightarrow 2 {x *} be maximal monotone with 0\in t(0), 0\in intd(t) and c:x\supset d(c)\rightarrow x *. Assume that $l\subset d(c)$ is a dense linear subspace of x, c is of class (s_+)_l and \langle cx,x\rangle\geq-\psi(\lx\l), x\in d(c), where \psi:\mathbb{r} +\rightarrow\mathbb{r} + is nondecreasing. a new topological degree is developed for the sum t+c in chapter one. This theory extends the recent degree theory for the operators c of type (s_+)_{0,l} in [15]. unlike such a recent extension to …