Digital Commons Network^™

Competent Program Evolution, Doctoral Dissertation, December 2006, Moshe Looks

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Heuristic optimization methods are adaptive when they sample problem solutions based on knowledge of the search space gathered from past sampling. Recently, competent evolutionary optimization methods have been developed that adapt via probabilistic modeling of the search space. However, their effectiveness requires the existence of a compact problem decomposition in terms of prespecified solution parameters. How can we use these techniques to effectively and reliably solve program learning problems, given that program spaces will rarely have compact decompositions? One method is to manually build a problem-specific representation that is more tractable than the general space. But can this process be …

Validation Of Nitrogen Oxides And Pm Correction Factors For Heavy Duty Diesel Engines., Mahesh Govindareddy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Considering the contribution of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from on-road heavy duty diesel engines to the atmospheric inventory, their accurate measurement is important. According to the Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86 Subpart N, NOx measured at a given temperature and relative humidity is corrected to standard conditions using a humidity correction factor. This factor depends on the intake air absolute humidity. However, this correction factor was developed in the 1970’s and may not be applicable to the existing engine technologies. Also, after the 1998 Consent Decrees, in-use testing has become a part of engine certification and the …

The Adventure(S) Of Blackness In Western Culture: An Epistolary Exchange On Old And New Identity Wars, Adrienne D. Davis, Robert S. Chang

Women, Gender & Sexuality Studies Faculty Research

Through a series of letters, Professors Robert Chang and Adrienne Davis examine the politics of positionality in law and literary criticism. They use the scholarly debates and conversations around critical race theory and feminist legal theory as a starting point to formulate some thoughts about Critical Race Feminism ("CRF") and its future. The authors use the epistolary form as a literary device to allow them to collaborate on this project while maintaining their own voices. Thus, the letters are not dated.

The letters pay particular attention to various border crossings: male attempts to engage in feminist literary criticism, white attempts …

The Adventure(S) Of Blackness In Western Culture: An Epistolary Exchange On Old And New Identity Wars, Adrienne D. Davis, Robert S. Chang

Scholarship@WashULaw

Through a series of letters, Professors Robert Chang and Adrienne Davis examine the politics of positionality in law and literary criticism. They use the scholarly debates and conversations around critical race theory and feminist legal theory as a starting point to formulate some thoughts about Critical Race Feminism ("CRF") and its future. The authors use the epistolary form as a literary device to allow them to collaborate on this project while maintaining their own voices. Thus, the letters are not dated. The letters pay particular attention to various border crossings: male attempts to engage in feminist literary criticism, white attempts …

The Pragmatic Populism Of Justice Stevens's Free Speech Jurisprudence Symposium: The Jurisprudence Of Justice Stevens: Panel V: First Amendment/Voting Rights, Gregory P. Magarian

Scholarship@WashULaw

In his three decades on the Supreme Court, Justice John Paul Stevens has developed a distinctive approach to the First Amendment. During his tenure, the Court's majority has crystallized a theory of First Amendment speech protection as an abstract, negative protection of individual autonomy against government interference. In contrast, Justice Stevens' pragmatic judicial methodology has caused him to place greater emphasis on free speech decisions' practical consequences, particularly their effectiveness in making democratic debate inclusive as to both participants and subject matter in order to ensure robust, well-informed public discourse. Alone on the present Court, Justice Stevens manifests a deep …

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Recess, Nicole Sullivan

Graduate Research Papers

This study examined the topic of recess in our schools. Recess is an important part of the early childhood curriculum for all children. It should be given some ' thoughtful attention that other aspects of the curriculum receive. This literature study focused on the benefits, and the problems, associated with recess. Guidelines were presented for developing an effective recess program. Also, conclusions were drawn from the literature and recommendations were made for the implementation of recess in our schools.

The Narrowed Experimental Use Exception To Patent Infringement And Its Application To Patented Computer Software, Robert A. Migliorini

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

The common law experimental use exception has existed since the early I800s as a defense to patent infringement where the use of the patented invention by the alleged infringer is for the mere purpose of intellectual curiosity, amusement or philosophical experimentation with no underlying business or commercial motive, or to confirm that an invention works the way it is disclosed in the patent specification. In the last six years, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has further defined and narrowed the scope of the exception by making not for profit institutions liable for patent infringement when using …

Applying The Lessons Of Re-Examination To Strengthen Patent Post-Grant Opposition, Eric B. Chen

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Due to the exceedingly high cost of challenging patent validity in U.S. district courts, a lower cost administrative option has garnered considerable interest. A recent evaluation found that 46% of litigated patents are held invalid. However, because about 95% of patents issued in the U.S. are never challenged due to their limited commercial value, and since the resources of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) are limited, the USPTO's initial patent validity examinations are not very detailed It is more efficient for the USPTO to wait and make detailed validity decisions only in those select situations where patent …

United States V. Councilman: An Appropriate Expansion Of Internet Privacy Rights?, Robert Roll

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

The technological advances of the last quarter century that permitted the explosion of the Internet simultaneously generated significant abuses of this technology. Congress and the courts responded to each innovation by creating what has become a broad patchwork of remedies intended to deter Internet crime. Though e-mail does not enjoy the same expectation of privacy as other mediums of communication, these remedies overlap to provide recourse in the event of unauthorized access or viewing. To date, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act ("ECPA") represents one of the most effective of these deterrents by imposing civil and criminal penalties on those who …

Electronic Case Filing: What Happens When Counsel Does Not Receive Email Notices?, Elisabeth A. Wilson

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Courts across the United States are moving toward implementing Electronic Case Filing ("ECF") procedures, with many courts making ECF mandatory in most cases. With this new technology gaining popularity, novel issues are emerging as the difficulties and challenges with the procedures reveal themselves. Familiar disputes over notice and presumption of delivery are cast in the new light of computer glitches and technological snags. American Boat Co. v. Unknown Sunken Barge is one of the first electronically filed cases to surface at the federal appellate level with such issues. The Eighth Circuit articulates important factors to consider when analyzing whether a …

Constitutional Law - Equal Protection Of Law: Strict Scrutiny Applies To All Racially Segregated Citizens, Free And Confined, Michelle Feist

North Dakota Law Review

Johnson v. California, 543 U.S. 499 (2005)

Contextualizing The Losses Of Allotment Through Literature, Kristen A. Carpenter

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

When The State Bar Exam Embraces Indian Law: Teaching Experiences And Observations, Gloria Valencia-Weber, Sherri Nicole Thomas

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Creating A Tribal Law Practice Clinic In Kansas: Carving The Peg To Fit The Hole, Aliza G. Organick

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Iron Cold Of The Marshall Trilogy, Matthew L.M. Fletcher

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Tribal Sovereignty In A Post-9/11 World, Angela R. Riley

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

North Dakota Supreme Court Review, North Dakota Law Review Associate Editors

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Overcoming Legal Hurdles In The War Against Meth In Indian Country, Christopher B. Chaney

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Meth Chic And The Tyranny Of The Immediate: Reflections On The Culture-Drug/Drug-Crime Relationships, Avi Brisman

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

29 | Gamla I: The Pottery Of The Second Temple Period, The Shmarya Guttman Excavations, 1976–1989, Andrea M. Berlin

IAA Reports—Monograph Series of the Israel Antiquities Authority

This is the first of a series of volumes publishing the results of the excavations of the late Shmarya Gutmann at Gamla. Gamla is located on a high, precipitous rocky spur in the southern Golan Heights. It is the best preserved and most extensively excavated Jewish site of the late Second Temple period in northern Israel. Settlement came to an end in 67 CE, and the site was never resettled. This first volume presents an in-depth study of the pottery assemblages from the Hellenistic and Roman periods, which reflect all the many and varied aspects of every-day life at the …

Judicial Values: The Justice Robinson Experience, Herbert L. Meschke, Ted Smith

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Teaching Indian Law In An Anti-Tribal Era, Alex Tallchief Skibine

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Indian Water And The Federal Trust: Some Proposals For Federal Action, Judith Royster

Articles, Chapters in Books and Other Contributions to Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

The Sulzer Hip Replacement Recall Crisis: A Patient's Perspective, Keri Stephens, Scott C. D'Urso, Penny Holmes

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

This case discusses a product recall that resulted from a manufacturing defect and the degree to which the company distributed accurate and timely information to affected patients. More specifically, the case examines the crisis communication of Sulzer Orthopedics and its efforts to negotiate the interests of various stakeholders, while limiting liability. Written from the perspective of a patient, the case raises interesting questions regarding organizational duties related to product liability. It also provides valuable insights into how organizational communication may have both short- and long-term effects on its relationship with patients and physicians, among others.

Information Pursuit In Financial-Statement Analysis: Effects Of Choice, Effort, And Disaggregation, Mark W. Nelson, William B. Tayler

Faculty Publications

Prior research provides evidence that financial-statement users weight information less heavily in judgment when that information is provided in a less accessible format (e.g., information disclosed in a footnote or less important financial statement rather than being recognized on the income statement (Maines and McDaniel 2000)). We provide evidence that, conditional on users performing the analysis necessary to transform the financial statements to appear as if disclosed information had been recognized, users may weight that information more heavily than it would have been if it had been recognized. Our experiments are set in the context of constructive capitalization of operating …

Publication Records Of Facility Promoted At The Top 75 Accounting Research Programs, Steven M. Glover, Douglas F. Prawitt, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the publication records of faculty promoted from 1995 to 2003 at the top 75 accounting research programs (as ranked by Trieschmann, et al. 2000). The presentation and analyses of these data are designed to be useful to faculty and evaluation committees from a benchmarking and decision-making perspective. From a benchmarking perspective, the results will be useful in helping schools as they develop or refine relevant policies and research expectations. The results may be particularly useful in view of the fact that average accounting faculty publication records differ from the average publication records of …

The Effects Of Financial Statement And Informational Complexity On Cash Flow Forecasts, Leslie Hodder, Patrick E. Hopkins, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

We characterize the operating-activities section of the indirect-approach statement of cash flows as backwards because it presents reconciling adjustments in a way that is opposite from the intuitively appealing, future-oriented, Conceptual Framework definitions of assets, liabilities and the accruals process. We propose that the reversed-accruals orientation required in the currently mandated indirect-approach statement of cash flows is unnecessarily complex, causing increased cash-flow forecast error and dispersion. We also predict that the mixed pattern (i.e., +/–, –/+) of operating cash flows and operating accruals reported by most companies also impedes investors’ ability to learn the time-series properties of cash flows and …

The Application Of Model Checking For Securing E-Commerce Transactions, Bonnie Anderson, James V. Hansen, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Scott L. Summers

Faculty Publications

As firms become progressively more dependent on Internet-based information systems, they are increasingly vulnerable to defects in those systems. These defects can lead to errors, undetected fraud, and malicious intrusion. Information system errors can be catastrophic, whether they occur in market transactions, banking, air traffic control, and so forth. Resulting damages can include lost revenue, lost data, lost trust, and increased costs.

Consequently, effective design of e-business processes is essential to avoid defects that can otherwise lead to errors, fraud, and intrusion. Whereas carefully designed e-business protocols can perform effectively within most expected situations, assuring correct processing under all circumstances …

An Operator-Based Account Of Semantic Processing, Deryle W. Lonsdale, C. Anton Rytting

Faculty Publications

This paper explores issues of psychological plausibility in modeling natural language understanding within Soar, a symbolic cognitive model. It focuses on constructing syntactic and semantic representations in simulated real time, with particular emphasis on word sense disambiguation (WSD). We discuss (i) what level of WSD should be modeled and (ii) how to use resources such as WordNet to inform these models. A preliminary model of coarse-grained WSD is included to show how syntactic, semantic, and other knowledge sources interact in Soar. Finally, we explore issues of interleaving, learning, and integrating other WSD approaches with Soar's native model of learning.

Improving The Rolling Contract, Stephen E. Friedman

American University Law Review

This article addresses the increasingly common problem of buyers finding important contract terms inside the box of a newly purchased item instead of learning about them before or during purchase. The failure of courts to develop a satisfactory approach to deciding which contact terms sellers may provide after purchase is of great significance in light of the rapid proliferation of rolling contracts. In this article, Friedman proposes a mechanism that will ensure that sellers have the flexibility to defer presentation of some terms but that will also protect purchasers against the unfair imposition of unexpected and important terms arriving at …