Digital Commons Network^™

The Jamaican Female Skills Surplus And Earnings Deficit: A Holistic Explanation, Dawn Richards Elliott

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper addresses the poor socio-economic performance of Jamaican females despite superior human capital. A holistic explanation exploring female lifestyle choices is advanced since discipline-specific theories fail to explain occupational clustering and the resulting earnings gap. It is hypothesized that both reflect lifestyle constraints, which may be linked to characteristics of the social environment. Since these constraints affect different groups of women differently, then policies designed to reduce occupational dis-similarity and female-male earnings gap must adapt a dis-aggregated analysis. Catherine Hakim’s model of female dis-aggregation and data from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Survey, LSMS, are used to advance …

Madam President: Progress, Problems, And Prospects For 2008, Robert P. Watson

Journal of International Women's Studies

Women have made great progress in electoral politics both in the United States and around the world, and at all levels of public office. However, although a number of women have led their countries in the modern era and a growing number of women are winning gubernatorial, senatorial, and congressional races, the United States has yet to elect a female president, nor has anyone come close. This paper considers the prospects for electing a woman president in 2008 and the challenges facing Hillary Clinton and Condoleezza Rice—potential frontrunners from both major parties&nmash;given the historical experiences of women who pursued the …

Hidden Overburden Of Female-Headed Households In Guar Bean Production: Zimbabwean Experience, Innocent W. Nyakudya, V. J. Murewa, M. J. Mutenje, M. Moyo, T. J. Chikuvire, R. Foti

Journal of International Women's Studies

The study was done on a guar bean-growing project in Makachi area, Zimbabwe. The study objectives were to determine ownership of resources, time spent on production and access to information by male-headed and female-headed households. Data collection and analysis were based on the FAO Gender Analysis Framework. Results showed that male-headed households had more ownership of resources and spent less time on production; access to information was equal; female-headed households allocated a greater proportion of their land to guar bean production and matched their male counterparts in the mean yield. While inter-household exchanges helped female-headed households access draft power and …

“A Sea Captain In Her Own Right”: Navigating The Feminist Thought Of Huda Shaarawi, Rula B. Quawas

Journal of International Women's Studies

Huda Shaarawi was one of the first Egyptian women who argued for women’s liberation, starting with education which would lead to full participation in the social and cultural reform and result in social usefulness and in legal and civic equality. A socialist feminist, Shaarawi promoted a successful program for social change not only from within the existing social and political order but also from within the framework of Islam and its value system. She came to be a speaking subject of feminist politics and a feminist living text for the women of her own generation. She was, and still is, …

‘And Not Destroyed By The Destruction Of The Body’: Documenting Incarceration: Joya Mitra’S Killing Days, Tutun Mukherjee

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper discusses an unusual and disturbing narrative of a young student who is incarcerated for four years in Indian jails for participating in an ideological battle with a state government that steadily escalated in violence and brought students like her in direct confrontation with the state machinery. In prison, she is categorized as a ‘political detainee’ and must await her trial which is not allowed to happen until the political dispensation changes. Killing Days is a prison memoir – not of Mitra alone but of all the women she meets and shares pain and anguish with through the period …

The Role Of A Conserved Serine Residue Within Hydrogen Bonding Distance Of Fad In Redox Properties And The Modulation Of Catalysis By Ca2+/Calmodulin Of Constitutive Nitric-Oxide Synthases, Satya Prakash Panda, Ying Tong Gao, Linda J. Roman, Pavel Marta´Sek, John C. Salerno, Bettie Masters

Faculty Articles

The crystal structure of the neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) NADPH/FAD binding domain indicated that Ser-1176 is within hydrogen bonding distance of Asp-1393 and the O4 atom of FAD and is also near the N5 atom of FAD (3.7Å). This serine residue is conserved in most of the ferredoxin-NADP⁺ reductase family of proteins and is important in electron transfer. In the present study, the homologous serines of both nNOS (Ser-1176) and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) (Ser-942) were mutated to threonine and alanine. Both substitutions yielded proteins that exhibited decreased rates of electron transfer through the flavin domains, in the presence …

The Rhetoric For Ratification: The Argument Of "The Federalist" And Its Impact On Constitutional Interpretation, Dan T. Coenen

Scholarly Works

Courts, lawyers, and scholars have long assumed that The Federalist Papers supply important information for use in constitutional argument and interpretation. In recent years, commentators have questioned this view. Their skepticism grows out of two major concerns. First, Justice Scalia's challenge to the use of legislative history in the statutory context casts a cloud over judicial use of background texts such as The Federalist in seeking the meaning of the Constitution. Second, even if courts may rely on some background materials in interpreting the Constitution, there is reason to conclude that The Federalist does not qualify as the sort of …

Gender, Romance Novels And Plastic Sexuality In The United States: A Focus On Female College Students, Huei-Hsia Wu

Journal of International Women's Studies

This analysis gauges gender difference in time spent reading romance novels and sexuality. Respondents were 770 white American college students, including 436 females and 334 males, age 17–49. Males are viewed as a reference group. Drawing upon the “plastic sexuality” thesis and feminist theory, this study hypothesizes that female readers of romance novels have higher levels of interest in sexuality (at least in the attitudes) than male readers, and non-readers but such a sexual interest is not necessarily converted into a more active sexual behavior. Most romance novels promote deeply constraining patriarchal values, reading romance novels plays a role in …

Storming Politics: San José Women In The “Feminist Capital, 1975-2006,, Danelle L. Moon

Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Temperature, Trace Species, And Ozone In Chemistry-Climate Model Simulations Of The Recent Past, V. Eyring, N. Butchart, D. W. Waugh, H. Akiyoshi, J. Austin, S. Bekki, G. E. Bodeker, B. A. Boville, C. Brühl, M. P. Chipperfield, E. Cordero, M. Dameris, M. Deushi, V. E. Fioletov, S. M. Frith, R. R. Garcia, A. Gettelman, M. A. Giorgetta, V. Grewe, L. Jourdain, D. E. Kinnison, E. Mancini, E. Manzini, M. Marchand, D. R. Marsh, T. Nagashima, P. A. Newman, J. E. Nielsen, S. Pawson, G. Pitari, D. A. Plummer, E. Rozanov, M. Schraner, T. G. Shepherd, K. Shibata, R. S. Stolarski, H. Struthers, W. Tian, M. Yoshiki

Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science

[1] Simulations of the stratosphere from thirteen coupled chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are evaluated to provide guidance for the interpretation of ozone predictions made by the same CCMs. The focus of the evaluation is on how well the fields and processes that are important for determining the ozone distribution are represented in the simulations of the recent past. The core period of the evaluation is from 1980 to 1999 but long-term trends are compared for an extended period (1960–2004). Comparisons of polar high-latitude temperatures show that most CCMs have only small biases in the Northern Hemisphere in winter and spring, but …

Unit Testing Considered Useful, George K. Thiruvathukal, Konstantin Läufer, Benjamin Gonzalez

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Testing is an important part of application development. Hardware engineers, in particular, have a long established history of testing for the obvious reason that it's awfully hard to rebuild a microprocessor every time a bug pops up in the design stage--not to mention the enormous headaches such bugs generate on the software side.

Ozone Variability In The Midlatitude Upper Troposphere And Lower Stratosphere Diagnosed From A Monthly Sage Ii Climatology Relative To The Tropopause, Pi-Huan Wang, Derek M. Cunnold, Charles R. Trepte, Hsiang J. Wang, Ping Jing

School of Environmental Sustainability: Faculty Publications and Other Works

[1] A midlatitude (25°–65°) monthly zonal median ozone climatology in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), from 8 to 20 km with a 0.5-km vertical resolution and a 5° latitudinal resolution, is developed on the basis of version 6.2 (V6.2) ozone profile retrievals from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II measurements from October 1984 to August 2005. To avoid mixing of the tropospheric ozone data with stratospheric values, the thermal tropopause height is used as a base altitude for developing the climatology (the monthly mean tropopause height has been added back to the climatological profile). This feature …

The Eastern Echo, November 1, 2006, Eastern Michigan University

EMU Student Newspaper: The Normal News & The Eastern Echo

No abstract provided.

Party, Policy, Or Duty: Why Does The Supreme Court Invalidate Federal Statutes?, Thomas Keck

Political Science - All Scholarship

This paper explores three competing accounts of judicial review by comparing the enacting and invalidating coalitions for each of the fifty-three federal statutes struck down by the Supreme Court during its 1981 through 2005 terms. When a Republican judicial coalition invalidates a Democratic statute, the Court’s decision is consistent with a partisan account, and when a conservative judicial coalition invalidates a liberal statute, the decision is explicable on policy grounds. But when an ideologically mixed coalition invalidates a bipartisan statute, the decision may have reflected an institutional divide between judges and legislators rather than a partisan or policy conflict. Finding …

Parental Involvement In Youth Sports, Kristin Leigh Greene

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this paper is to understanding the motivating factors pertaining to the involvement of youth in sport and how parents can assist in providing their children optimal sport experiences. The paper will begin by providing a background of youth sport involvement, and include the benefits and drawbacks of youth sport participation. To ensure that young athletes are positively motivated toward sport participation, it is important to understand their reasons for participation, as well as how others, such as parents, impact their motivation toward sport. This paper will address a number of motivational theories. Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation …

Steel Deck Institute Diaphragm Design Manual: Third Edition, Larry D. Luttrell

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Knowledge And Attitudes About Health Research Amongst A Group Of Pakistani Medical Students, Hassan Khan, Muhammad Rizwanulhaq Khawaja, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Ameen Rauf, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Background

Health research training is an important part of medical education. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding health research in a group of Pakistani medical students at Aga Khan University, Karachi.

Methods

It was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted among a group of Pakistani medical students. Through stratified random sampling, a pre-tested, structured and validated questionnaire was administered to 220 medical students. Knowledge and attitudes were recorded on a scale (graduated in percentages).

Results

Mean scores of students were 49.0% on knowledge scale and 53.7% on attitude scale. Both knowledge and attitudes improved …

Multi Protocol Label Switching: Quality Of Service, Traffic Engineering Application, And Virtual Private Network Application, Akshay Joshi

Theses

This thesis discusses the QoS feature, Traffic Engineering (TE) application, and Virtual Private Network (VPN) application of the Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) protocol. This thesis concentrates on comparing MPLS with other prominent technologies such as Internet Protocol (IP), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Frame Relay (FR). MPLS combines the flexibility of Internet Protocol (IP) with the connection oriented approach of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) or Frame Relay (FR). Section 1 lists several advantages MPLS brings over other technologies. Section 2 covers architecture and a brief description of the key components of MPLS. The information provided in Section 2 builds …

Cmos Image Sensor With Bi-Directional Column Sensor, Philip D. Thorpe Ii

Theses

CMOS image sensors have been around since the 1960's. However due to poor light sensitivity and poor signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) the architecture was not popular. Since then many improvements have been made to the architecture, making camera designs that use CMOS imagers more prevalent. Much of the improvement in SNR has been due to fixed-pattern noise reduction. Correlated double sampling (CDS) is a popular technique to reduce the effects of this source of noise. The circuitry required to implement CDS can be complex and hinders other areas of an image sensor performance in some schemes. This thesis proposes a new …

Jointly Hyponormal Pairs Of Commuting Subnormal Operators Need Not Be Jointly Subnormal, Raúl E. Curto, Jasang Yoon

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

We construct three different families of commuting pairs of subnormal operators, jointly hyponormal but not admitting commuting normal extensions. Each such family can be used to answer in the negative a 1988 conjecture of R. Curto, P. Muhly and J. Xia. We also obtain a sufficient condition under which joint hyponormality does imply joint subnormality.

Recent Developments In Understanding Two-Dimensional Turbulence And The Nastrom-Gage Spectrum, Eleftherios Gkioulekas, Ka Kit Tung

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Two-dimensional turbulence appears to be a more formidable problem than three-dimensional turbulence despite the numerical advantage of working with one less dimension. In the present paper we review recent numerical investigations of the phenomenology of two-dimensional turbulence as well as recent theoretical breakthroughs by various leading researchers. We also review efforts to reconcile the observed energy spectrum of the atmosphere (the spectrum) with the predictions of two-dimensional turbulence and quasigeostrophic turbulence.

Quantum Dot Potentials: Symanzik Scaling, Resurgent Expansions, And Quantum Dynamics, Andrey S. Surzhykov, Michael Lubasch, Jean Zinn-Justin, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article is concerned with a special class of the "double-well- like" potentials that occur naturally in the analysis of finite quantum systems. Special attention is paid, in particular, to the so-called Fokker-Planck potential, which has a particular property: the perturbation series for the ground-state energy vanishes to all orders in the coupling parameter, but the actual ground-state energy is positive and dominated by instanton configurations of the form exp (-a g), where a is the instanton action. The instanton effects are most naturally taken into account within the modified Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions whose expansion leads to the generalized perturbative …

Constitutional Crisis In The Commonwealth: Resolving The Conflict Between Governors And Attorneys General, Michael Signer

University of Richmond Law Review

In this article, I argue the solution to agency conflict and the broader problem of establishing the proper scope of executive authority lies in establishing that Virginia has a "statutory" rather than a "common-law" model of the Attorney General's powers, and that the Office of the Attorney General is therefore circumscribed by statute. Contrary to popular understanding, I will argue that Wilder v. Attorney General of Virginia effectively establishes Virginia as a statutory state and resolves the conflict in favor of the Governor. Because the Supreme Court of Virginia is unlikely to act more strongly in favor of the statutory …

Criminal Law And Procedure, Marla G. Decker, Stephen R. Mccullough

University of Richmond Law Review

The authors have endeavored to select from the many appellate cases those that have the most significant precedential value. The article also outlines some of the most consequential changes enacted by the General Assembly in the areas of criminal law and procedure.

Family And Juvenile Law, Robert E. Shepherd Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Election Law, Christopher R. Nolen

University of Richmond Law Review

Advances in Virginia's election law happen incrementally. This year was typical in that regard. While over one hundred bills and resolutions pertaining to elections were introduced in the 2006 Regular Session of the General Assembly, the legislature was judicious in its approval of election related legislation. This article surveys recent developments in Virginia's election laws by focusing on those legislative enactments and judicial decisions that are significant, interesting, or show some developing trend in the area of election law.

Health Care Law, Michael C. Guanzon

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Medical Malpractice Law, Kathleen M. Mccauley, Dana A. Dews

University of Richmond Law Review

With President George W. Bush's promise to continue working toward tort reform, medical malpractice issues are once again garnering media and voter attention. This article examines recent judicial decisions and statutory amendments affecting patients and health care providers in the commonwealth in the context of medical malpractice law.

Wills, Trusts, And Estates, J. Rodney Johnson

University of Richmond Law Review

The General Assembly enacted legislation dealing with wills, trusts, and estates that added or amended a number of sections ofthe Virginia Code in its 2006 Session. In addition, there were sixopinions from the Supreme Court of Virginia during the periodcovered by this review that presented issues of interest to the general practitioner as well as the specialist in wills, trusts, and estates. This article reports on all of these legislative and judicial developments.

Taxation, Craig D. Bell

University of Richmond Law Review

This article reviews significant developments in the law affect- ing Virginia taxation. Each section covers recent legislative changes, judicial decisions, and selected opinions or pronouncements from the Virginia Department of Taxation and the Attorney General of Virginia over the past year. The overall purpose ofthis article is to provide Virginia tax and general practitioners with a concise overview of the recent developments in Virginia taxation most likely to have an impact on their practices. This article will not, however, discuss many of the numerous technical legislative changes to the State Taxation Code of Title 58.1.