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2006

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Explanation, Vindication, And The Role Of Normative Theory In Legal Scholarship, Connie S. Rosati Nov 2006

Explanation, Vindication, And The Role Of Normative Theory In Legal Scholarship, Connie S. Rosati

San Diego Law Review

I find Yuracko's inquiry quite intriguing, but I have doubts about the central thesis. My aim, in the discussion that follows, is to press Yuracko on two fronts, one methodological, the other substantive. As concerns substance, I shall say a bit as this commentary progresses about why Yuracko would need much more support to make good on her claim that an implicit perfectionism explains decisional antidiscrimination law. My chief interest, however, lies with certain questions as to what methodology she means to follow in her efforts to develop a more complete theory of employment discrimination law. Yuracko's approach is one …

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Discriminating Shoppers Beware, Dana K. Nelkin Nov 2006

Discriminating Shoppers Beware, Dana K. Nelkin

San Diego Law Review

Such a theory suggests that we need to answer the following question in judging the moral permissibility of discriminatory shopping: Is this act of discriminatory shopping likely to undermine the public equality of our society? To answer this question in turn requires that we check two ways in which public equality could be undermined: first, by people interpreting our actions as sending a message of social inferiority and internalized shame; and second, by exacerbating and amplifying preexisting relationships of injustice.

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A Note On The Engulfing Property And The R 1+Α -Regularity Of Convex Functions In Carnot Groups, Luca Capogna, Diego Maldonado Nov 2006

A Note On The Engulfing Property And The R 1+Α -Regularity Of Convex Functions In Carnot Groups, Luca Capogna, Diego Maldonado

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

We study the engulfing property for convex functions in Carnot groups. As an application we show that the horizontal gradient of functions with this property is Hölder continuous.

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Visual Rhetoric And The Special Eloquence Of Visual Form, Leslie Atzmon Nov 2006

Visual Rhetoric And The Special Eloquence Of Visual Form, Leslie Atzmon

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Despite the recent flurry of interest in the visual, the written word continues to dominate as both the focus and medium of deep analysis. I suggest that we ought to challenge this paradigm by questioning the privileging of the verbal in western culture in general and the academy in particular. I propose that one way to do so is to elevate visual rhetoric to equal status with verbal rhetoric. Unfortunately, when visual entities are “elevated,” the “elevator” commonly turns to framing strategies that isolate artifacts from the broader cultural contexts in which they are created and used. Not only does …

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Senac Symposium On Materials: An Experience To Give Guidelines For A “Cartography Of Materials”, Denise Dantas Nov 2006

Senac Symposium On Materials: An Experience To Give Guidelines For A “Cartography Of Materials”, Denise Dantas

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article presents the experience of realizing a discussion forum on Design and its relation with materials as a methodological strategy to structure a “Cartography of Materials”. The event had a different configuration from the way it is normally set up in Brazil, for it promoted an articulation among academic researchers, companies that produce materials and products as well as designers working in the market. The aim was to increase the potentialities of working in the three areas involved: teaching/learning, autonomous professional working and serial industrial production. The proposal’s thematic core consisted of a reflection on the possibilities of the …

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Conventions Of Typography Related To Traditional Poetry, Hs Pacheco Nov 2006

Conventions Of Typography Related To Traditional Poetry, Hs Pacheco

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is part of a PhD research project which is in its final year. The aim of this research is to investigate and analyse how traditional poetry has been handled in books, in England, in terms of typographic development. The research examines the binary structure of the poem on the page, that is to say the opposing features of printed text and the space around it. In particular, it focuses on segmentation, which is the visible division of the text into units that, to a greater or lesser extent, reflects its underlying structure. This paper discusses conventions which have …

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Analysis Of Interrelations Between Bottle Shape And Food Taste, R.W.Y. Wang, C.H. Sun Nov 2006

Analysis Of Interrelations Between Bottle Shape And Food Taste, R.W.Y. Wang, C.H. Sun

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In general, the package design should make consumers associate the product’s taste from visual stimulation. This study aims to investigate the correlations between the shape of food bottles and taste association in 3 stages: (1) classification of the taste of food products on the market; (2) analysis of the features and dimensions of food bottle shapes; and (3) survey of the association between food bottles and tastes. Findings indicated that there are 13 types of packages relating to taste, including single tastes: sour, sweet, bitter, savory and spicy tastes; and mixed tastes: sweet and sour, savory and sour, sweet and …

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Champions, Conformists, And Challengers: Attitudes Of Interior Designers As Expressions Of Sustainability Through Materials Selection, K. J. Mate Nov 2006

Champions, Conformists, And Challengers: Attitudes Of Interior Designers As Expressions Of Sustainability Through Materials Selection, K. J. Mate

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Whilst the uptake of sustainable interior design has increased recently, material selection has improved only slightly since the mid-1990s. This is probably because human values and attitudes have not changed significantly, despite the prominence of sustainability in government policy. This paper describes the results of a research project that investigated the sustainability values of interior designers and examined how those values shape designers’ behaviour, particularly the selection of materials for design briefs involving sustainability. The project categorised designers into three groups according to their sustainability values: champions, conformists or challengers. A set questionnaire was used in interviews with 20 interior …

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Designing Engineering Education; Development Of Design Education Model For Engineers, Jihoon Kim, Myung-Suk Kim Nov 2006

Designing Engineering Education; Development Of Design Education Model For Engineers, Jihoon Kim, Myung-Suk Kim

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This research focuses on development of model used in teaching ‘Design Thinking’ to students majoring in engineering with emphasis on creative ideation and expression, and its application examples. Following the Second World War, educational circles in the area of engineering, due to excessive influence of Engineering Science, have come to concentrate relatively more on analysis of phenomenon and theoretical research rather than traditional format of engineering education, which places importance on visual thinking and actual experience, in development of curriculum. This research presents the process of development of new educational model in order to introduce core educational program of design …

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Industrial Design As Contributor To Relieving Child Anxiety In The Course Of Mri Scanning Procedures., S C Coxon Nov 2006

Industrial Design As Contributor To Relieving Child Anxiety In The Course Of Mri Scanning Procedures., S C Coxon

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now a widely used diagnostic imaging procedure that has been employed throughout hospitals all over the world for over twenty years. MRI technology allows doctors and specialists to examine internal parts of the human body such as the brain and spinal chord, without invasive procedures. Studies show that children frequently find MRI scanning daunting and occasionally frightening despite the examinations non-invasive qualities. The principle contributors to this negative experience have been identified as the sterile ambiance of the hospital environment, the claustrophobic tunnel or bore that the patient lies within, the overly warm temperatures, high …

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Towards A Design Methodology For Applying Intuitive, A L Blackler, V Popovic, D P Mahar Nov 2006

Towards A Design Methodology For Applying Intuitive, A L Blackler, V Popovic, D P Mahar

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.

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Human Augmentation: Transference Of Design Approaches From Designing For Sports To Designing For Disability, J L Allen Nov 2006

Human Augmentation: Transference Of Design Approaches From Designing For Sports To Designing For Disability, J L Allen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper begins by considering the dichotomy between the design of sporting goods and the design of disability products, with an intent to identify some ways in which disability products can become more socially acceptable and even desirable. The role of material artefacts in the creation and propagation of individual- and social-identity is discussed in an attempt to highlight the importance that design can have in ameliorating self-image and public-image of people with disabilities. The paper goes on to discuss a design project carried out in two parts in an Undergraduate Industrial Design studio class to explore the notion of …

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Bthere Or Be Square: A Method For Extreme Contextualization Of Design, E Eriksson, M Ludvigsen, A Lykke-Olesen, R Nielsen Nov 2006

Bthere Or Be Square: A Method For Extreme Contextualization Of Design, E Eriksson, M Ludvigsen, A Lykke-Olesen, R Nielsen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper we describe the Bthere method aiming to increase the context awareness among designers. The method and a workshop scenario will be presented, as well as the results and evaluation from that. Based on the methodology from contextual and participatory design, the paper describes a method for dividing the context in different layers, observed from different perspectives. This reveals hidden structures in the inhabitant’s everyday life and the environment among them, using a full scale context and user study as background material for brainstorming and design choices. The aim of the workshop was to accomplish an expanded notion …

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A Guide To Methods For Small And Medium Sized Enterprises (Smes) Designing For New Markets, Based On Cultural Research Experiences, M. Haarakoski, M.E. Johansson, J. Lundberg Nov 2006

A Guide To Methods For Small And Medium Sized Enterprises (Smes) Designing For New Markets, Based On Cultural Research Experiences, M. Haarakoski, M.E. Johansson, J. Lundberg

DRS Biennial Conference Series

One factor determining an industrially produced product’s success is how well it complies with customer needs. When small and medium size enterprises (SME) launch products onto new foreign markets, it is important to conduct cultural research to take customer design preferences in to consideration. This study, based on experiences from field studies in three countries, the USA, South Korea and Germany, can offer the SME´s designer with guidance of how to collect information about cultural design preferences in practice. The aim is to show the SME how to conduct design studies by themselves and what the benefits are of doing …

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Design Support And The Transfer Of Knowledge To Smes, G C Raulik, P Larsen, G Cawood Nov 2006

Design Support And The Transfer Of Knowledge To Smes, G C Raulik, P Larsen, G Cawood

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design support programmes have became more and more popular, with countries recognising the importance of helping their small companies to develop products and services with design input. This paper argues that the potential of such design programmes could be maximised if design organisations understood the importance of knowledge transfer in this context. It explains why the nature of design support schemes (usually public funded and focused on first-time users of design) make knowledge transfer an important asset for this activity. Analysis of information provided by clients of Design Wales, the design advisory service for Welsh industry (UK), is used as …

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The Research Exhibition: Context, Interpretation, And Knowledge Creation, K. Niedderer, M. A. R. Biggs, M. Ferris Nov 2006

The Research Exhibition: Context, Interpretation, And Knowledge Creation, K. Niedderer, M. A. R. Biggs, M. Ferris

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper, we investigate the problem of the nature, role and purpose of the research exhibition. The problem arises from the desire of practitioner-researchers to use the exhibition as a research tool. However, at present it is not clear whether, and in which way, the research exhibition is different from an ordinary exhibition, nor what its particular contribution to research might be. We investigate the problem of the research exhibition in relation to the conventional art/design exhibition as a familiar medium of communication in art & design. We compare the aims of research and practice, and we analyse how …

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Worldviews For Design Theory, P. Galle Nov 2006

Worldviews For Design Theory, P. Galle

DRS Biennial Conference Series

I suspect that the growing ‘body’ of design theory may be infected by more inconsistency than is justifiable by genuine disagreement among design researchers. Taking my clue from Peirce, who argued that theory inevitably rests on basic metaphysical assumptions that theorists ought to be critically aware of, I demonstrate how ‘insidious inconsistency’ may infect design theory if we ignore this admonition. As a possible remedy, I propose a method by which the philosophy of design may develop sound metaphysical foundations (‘worldviews’) for design theory – and obtain philosophical insights into design as a valuable side effect.

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Wander_Woman_Wonder: Sexual Difference In Urban Design, S.N. Sauvé Nov 2006

Wander_Woman_Wonder: Sexual Difference In Urban Design, S.N. Sauvé

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This working paper seeks to expose two meditations on sexual difference in design, based on preliminary philosophical inquiries. The first meditation, on binary opposition, relates the use of dichotomies within language, and also within the language of design that uphold a construct perpetuating a hierarchy and a status quo, where women are not fully included in neither the process nor the outcome. The second meditation is a suggestion of ways in which issues such as binary opposition can begin to be mediated on common ground, here termed 'third space', where a sharing between different subjects can occur. "The language system, …

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Circularity, Power And The Technologies Of Seeing: Panopticism And Its Antithesis As Spatial Archetypes Of Visual Contraception In Space, Michael Chapman, Michael Ostwald Nov 2006

Circularity, Power And The Technologies Of Seeing: Panopticism And Its Antithesis As Spatial Archetypes Of Visual Contraception In Space, Michael Chapman, Michael Ostwald

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The evolution of post-structuralism as the intellectual paradigm of the second half of the Twentieth Century was accompanied by a simultaneous critical discourse concerned with the relationship between space and power. Central to this discourse is the work of the French intellectual Michel Foucault, whose analyses of the disciplinary societies of the Nineteenth Century established the multivalent tactics of power and its affiliations with architectural space. Through his examinations of hospitals, mental asylums, prisons and educational institutions Foucault demonstrated the way that space co-operated with authoritarian principles to turn communities into individuals and subsequently those individuals into subjects. Foucault termed …

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Significances Of Matter In Design (Smd) A Portuguese Design Research Project About Sustainability, Identity And Innovation., Ana Mestre, J.C. Diehl Nov 2006

Significances Of Matter In Design (Smd) A Portuguese Design Research Project About Sustainability, Identity And Innovation., Ana Mestre, J.C. Diehl

DRS Biennial Conference Series

At a global level, we can observe an increasing relation between Design and the new paradigm of Sustainable Development. This combination of Design and the three pillars of Sustainable Development (Social, Environment and Economics) have laid the new conceptual base for Design for Sustainability. On an international level, Research and Development in the field of material and production technologies has led to the development of promising new sustainable materials. These materials distinguish themselves from ordinary materials by for example consuming less raw materials and energy during production, by being lightweight or by being avoiding damage during the disposal stage of …

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Human Centering Design Across Dimensions, B. Hanington Nov 2006

Human Centering Design Across Dimensions, B. Hanington

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The uneven application of human centered research and design across disciplines is evident in both practice and education. In particular, graphic or communication design is much less familiar than industrial or interaction design with human research and testing. The underlying human criteria for design activity should know no dimensional boundaries. The creation of printed material to convey information, digital interfaces for devices or web-based interactions, and three-dimensional products and environments, all share a foundation of human use. There is no reason why any design discipline should be disadvantaged in the sensitivity to human factors, and therefore in the exposure to …

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Rationales For Role Playing In Design, Stella Boess Nov 2006

Rationales For Role Playing In Design, Stella Boess

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In approximately the last ten years, there have been reports of of role playing techniques in the designrelated literature. The paper examines the rationales being given in the literature for its adoption. Three rationales are identified: communication within the design process, the increase of technological complexity, and the experience and empathy of designers. The paper then develops a fourth rationale that could warrant the use of role playing techniques: attentiveness to social change. The literature on role playing shows that the technique has this potential. In our own work, we have run three projects involving role playing techniques. Having monitored …

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The Reorganization Of Graphic Design History, W. H. Chou Nov 2006

The Reorganization Of Graphic Design History, W. H. Chou

DRS Biennial Conference Series

To resolve the marginalisation of East Asian design in graphic design history, this research argues for design history’s reconception from the perspective of deeper historical and globological structures than the recent prominence of Euro-American design. That Western society has integrated its current global power with processes of cultural imperialism is evident from the writing of graphic design history. The metadiscourses of Euro-American modernism and postmodernism constitute the roots of privileged and prejudicial knowledge in the history of graphic design, establishing Western developments as the yardstick for the production and ordering of graphic design history. Substantive frameworks for shaping design history …

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Privileging The Sketch: Coop Himmelblau, Nonlinear Dynamics And The Psychogram, Michael J. Oswald, Michael Chapman Nov 2006

Privileging The Sketch: Coop Himmelblau, Nonlinear Dynamics And The Psychogram, Michael J. Oswald, Michael Chapman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The Coop Himmelblau partnership of Wolf D Prix and Helmut Swiczinsky has, since the 1960s, been engaged in the attempt to break away from mainstream approaches to architectural design and production. Originally contemporaries of Archigram, Pichler and Kiesler, Coop Himmelblau’s manifestos for architecture have, since that time portrayed a growing preoccupation with feed-back mechanisms, with looping, folding and the attempt to recast architecture as metaphorically chaotic. While there have been extensive critical analyses of Coop Himmelblau’s early post-Vitruvian, or anti-humanist, propositions their approach to design in the late 1980s and early 1990s has rarely been considered in such detail. Throughout …

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The Unity Of Experience: Perspectives On The Products Of Design, K Tooming Nov 2006

The Unity Of Experience: Perspectives On The Products Of Design, K Tooming

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper arises from practice-based design research that I am conducting for my doctoral degree. In that research, I am investigating the acoustic and aesthetic properties of hand-tufted fibre products that may be used in interior spaces. After producing and testing material samples, I am now moving on to further questions about the experience of such materials in situations of practical use. Specifically, I am investigating how such materials may be used to enhance experience when they are placed in interior spaces. I want to understand the possible criteria for explaining how these materials help to create a unified experience. …

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A Constructivist Approach To Wayfinding Map Studies: Construction Of Spatial Knowledge In People-Map-Space Interactions, Christopher Kueh Nov 2006

A Constructivist Approach To Wayfinding Map Studies: Construction Of Spatial Knowledge In People-Map-Space Interactions, Christopher Kueh

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Effective wayfinding map design requires the application of knowledge about how people interact with maps and the actual environment. This paper presents a research that applied constructivist perspectives to study the ways people construct individual spatial knowledge by interacting with maps and the actual environment. The findings revealed that people construct spatial knowledge based on experience and active interactions with entities in a specific built environment.

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Transferability – A Wonder On The Ground Of Design Research, Rosan Chow, Stan Ruecker Nov 2006

Transferability – A Wonder On The Ground Of Design Research, Rosan Chow, Stan Ruecker

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Drawing on our recent experiences in two research projects in interface design, we propose an alternative to the model of design research that uses generalizability as one of the fundamental criteria. Instead, we suggest that transferability is a more ‘designistic’ factor, and that by privileging transferability in the design research process, we shift design back into the centre of design research. Although this strategy remains to be explored in depth, we provide one example of this kind of research, which involves a number of moves to repurpose an interface for one domain (drama) and community of users (actors, directors, and …

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Use-Inspired Basic Research: Improved Understanding And Innovative Products - A Case Study, D. Steffen Nov 2006

Use-Inspired Basic Research: Improved Understanding And Innovative Products - A Case Study, D. Steffen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper explores the interplay between disciplinary knowledge creation in basic and applied design research on the one hand and experimental design on the other. As part of my dissertation, several case studies were analysed among them a long-term research project which was conducted at the C_Lab for customization design at the Academy of Art and Design Offenbach, Germany. Subject-matter of this research were the various implications and effects, that digital technology will have on design, on product semantics, the role of the designer and the user as co-designer. It included questions and hypothesis basic for design as well as …

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The Jamaican Female Skills Surplus And Earnings Deficit: A Holistic Explanation, Dawn Richards Elliott Nov 2006

The Jamaican Female Skills Surplus And Earnings Deficit: A Holistic Explanation, Dawn Richards Elliott

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper addresses the poor socio-economic performance of Jamaican females despite superior human capital. A holistic explanation exploring female lifestyle choices is advanced since discipline-specific theories fail to explain occupational clustering and the resulting earnings gap. It is hypothesized that both reflect lifestyle constraints, which may be linked to characteristics of the social environment. Since these constraints affect different groups of women differently, then policies designed to reduce occupational dis-similarity and female-male earnings gap must adapt a dis-aggregated analysis. Catherine Hakim’s model of female dis-aggregation and data from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Survey, LSMS, are used to advance …

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Madam President: Progress, Problems, And Prospects For 2008, Robert P. Watson Nov 2006

Madam President: Progress, Problems, And Prospects For 2008, Robert P. Watson

Journal of International Women's Studies

Women have made great progress in electoral politics both in the United States and around the world, and at all levels of public office. However, although a number of women have led their countries in the modern era and a growing number of women are winning gubernatorial, senatorial, and congressional races, the United States has yet to elect a female president, nor has anyone come close. This paper considers the prospects for electing a woman president in 2008 and the challenges facing Hillary Clinton and Condoleezza Rice—potential frontrunners from both major parties&nmash;given the historical experiences of women who pursued the …

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