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2006

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Teaching Interaction Design: Matters, Materials And Means, S Lundgren, O Torgersson, L Hallnäs, P Ljungstrand, E Eriksson Nov 2006

Teaching Interaction Design: Matters, Materials And Means, S Lundgren, O Torgersson, L Hallnäs, P Ljungstrand, E Eriksson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The designer works with people, with materials, with products. Designers are seen as people concerned with form, function and surface. But how often is the designer associated with technology? Still programming can be just as a creative activity as drawing. Deriving from experiences from the discipline of Interaction Design, we advocate a wider view on what a designer is and does by describing how we treat computational technology as any other design material and how we train engineering students and others into becoming designers in a technology-oriented environment. Our method to create an education in applied Interaction Design lends ideas …

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Significances Of Matter In Design (Smd) A Portuguese Design Research Project About Sustainability, Identity And Innovation., Ana Mestre, J.C. Diehl Nov 2006

Significances Of Matter In Design (Smd) A Portuguese Design Research Project About Sustainability, Identity And Innovation., Ana Mestre, J.C. Diehl

DRS Biennial Conference Series

At a global level, we can observe an increasing relation between Design and the new paradigm of Sustainable Development. This combination of Design and the three pillars of Sustainable Development (Social, Environment and Economics) have laid the new conceptual base for Design for Sustainability. On an international level, Research and Development in the field of material and production technologies has led to the development of promising new sustainable materials. These materials distinguish themselves from ordinary materials by for example consuming less raw materials and energy during production, by being lightweight or by being avoiding damage during the disposal stage of …

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Design Participation Tactics: Redefining User Participation In Design, Yanki Lee Nov 2006

Design Participation Tactics: Redefining User Participation In Design, Yanki Lee

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper started as a critical assessment of different practices of Design Participation, as first defined in the 1971 Design Participation Conference in Manchester (UK) organised by the Design Research Society (DRS). A rethought definition and typology of Design Participation was developed based on relations between the two ‘worlds’ of experts/designers and users/people. The realm of collaboration between the abstract space of designers and the concrete space of users is introduced. Different Design Participation practices were assessed for their appropriateness and effectiveness within past and current contexts, and in different stages and tasks within the design process. Community, Public and …

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Design Thinking - Value Innovation - Deductive Reason And The Designers Choice, Stuart English Nov 2006

Design Thinking - Value Innovation - Deductive Reason And The Designers Choice, Stuart English

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is an introduction to a series of six papers concerning the modelling of design problem space. It explores the designer’s development of value through the use of deductive reason and subjective choice in the construction of design problem space. The author contrasts a hierarchic view of decision-making based on deductive reason with a parameter framing approach based on the cognitive modelling of problem space. Choice-inclusive and choiceexclusive decision making processes are considered with regard to their implication on responsible design practice. Potential for innovation is related directly to the problem framing process that provides the bounds in which …

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Graphic Design And Motion Graphics, C Vincent, A Cole, Z Schincariol Nov 2006

Graphic Design And Motion Graphics, C Vincent, A Cole, Z Schincariol

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents an interdisciplinary experiment in Communication Design teaching. It focuses on two moments in the project’s development: print media design and its translation into audiovisual language. We begin experimenting with the expressive possibilities of typography, which add meanings to the transposition of verbal content. Interpretation and sharp perception of typography, in the technical and aesthetics aspects, interfere when generating visual composition. The expressive possibilities increase when motion and sound, which are distinctive aspects of audiovisual language, come into play. We are interested in the creative process that involves translating graphic language into audiovisual language.

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Human Centering Design Across Dimensions, B. Hanington Nov 2006

Human Centering Design Across Dimensions, B. Hanington

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The uneven application of human centered research and design across disciplines is evident in both practice and education. In particular, graphic or communication design is much less familiar than industrial or interaction design with human research and testing. The underlying human criteria for design activity should know no dimensional boundaries. The creation of printed material to convey information, digital interfaces for devices or web-based interactions, and three-dimensional products and environments, all share a foundation of human use. There is no reason why any design discipline should be disadvantaged in the sensitivity to human factors, and therefore in the exposure to …

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Rationales For Role Playing In Design, Stella Boess Nov 2006

Rationales For Role Playing In Design, Stella Boess

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In approximately the last ten years, there have been reports of of role playing techniques in the designrelated literature. The paper examines the rationales being given in the literature for its adoption. Three rationales are identified: communication within the design process, the increase of technological complexity, and the experience and empathy of designers. The paper then develops a fourth rationale that could warrant the use of role playing techniques: attentiveness to social change. The literature on role playing shows that the technique has this potential. In our own work, we have run three projects involving role playing techniques. Having monitored …

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The Evolution Of The Mars Daisy, A Woodcock, J Burns, E Gaura, R.M. Newman, S Mount Nov 2006

The Evolution Of The Mars Daisy, A Woodcock, J Burns, E Gaura, R.M. Newman, S Mount

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper traces the evolution of the Mars Daisy animation; a visualisation developed to initiate collaboration between two groups within the university, enhance communication and understanding within the Cogent Computing Group, publicise an expanding, difficult area of research and enrich the learning experiences of students.

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The Reorganization Of Graphic Design History, W. H. Chou Nov 2006

The Reorganization Of Graphic Design History, W. H. Chou

DRS Biennial Conference Series

To resolve the marginalisation of East Asian design in graphic design history, this research argues for design history’s reconception from the perspective of deeper historical and globological structures than the recent prominence of Euro-American design. That Western society has integrated its current global power with processes of cultural imperialism is evident from the writing of graphic design history. The metadiscourses of Euro-American modernism and postmodernism constitute the roots of privileged and prejudicial knowledge in the history of graphic design, establishing Western developments as the yardstick for the production and ordering of graphic design history. Substantive frameworks for shaping design history …

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Defending The Domestic Environment From Advertising: The Commercial Rhetoric Art Project, Steven Mccarthy Nov 2006

Defending The Domestic Environment From Advertising: The Commercial Rhetoric Art Project, Steven Mccarthy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Commercial Rhetoric Art Project examines advertising’s impact on the domestic environment through a body of creative work. By applying the methodologies of collage, montage and assemblage, commercial messages were subverted, juxtaposed and recontextualized into a critique of consumer culture. Issues of consumption, waste and sustainability are raised, and the role that graphic designers play in this system is questioned.

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Research Through Design Through Research - A Problem Statement And A Conceptual Sketch, Jonas Wolfgang Nov 2006

Research Through Design Through Research - A Problem Statement And A Conceptual Sketch, Jonas Wolfgang

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper re-addresses the issue of a lacking genuine design research paradigm. It tries to sketch an operational model of such a paradigm, based upon a generic design process model, which is derived from basic notions of evolution and learning in different domains of knowing (and turns out to be not very different from existing ones). It does not abandon the scientific paradigm but concludes that the latter has to be embedded into / subordinated under a design paradigm.

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Are We Designing Female Audiences? The Case Of Beme.Com A Women’S Commercial Online Portal, N M Sadowska Nov 2006

Are We Designing Female Audiences? The Case Of Beme.Com A Women’S Commercial Online Portal, N M Sadowska

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Feminist critique of design practice has drawn attention to continuing problems women have as design practitioners and design consumers. A case study analysis of BEME.com, a commercial online portal design for female Internet users, offers an opportunity to address some of the issues such a critique raises. Notwithstanding that Internet technology and design offer new means of communicating with women, a feminist critique highlights that particularly within a commercial context there is an unwillingness within design practice to problematise its participation in the processes that embody gendered meanings. Instead, gender frequently features as part of design practitioners’ creative toolkit when …

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A New Look At Design Thinking: Research In Progress, Rob Cowdroy, Michael Ostwald, Anthony Williams Nov 2006

A New Look At Design Thinking: Research In Progress, Rob Cowdroy, Michael Ostwald, Anthony Williams

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper reports on work in progress in a programme of highly innovative cross-disciplinary collaborative research into design thinking. This research programme departs from current reductivist theoretical approaches to design including computational and neuroscience models; instead the programme uses empirical methods from behavioural and cognitive psychology, social anthropology and neuropsychology to study elite designers at work. Designers are usually characterised as creative individuals who work alone and autonomously, and design education is almost universally oriented accordingly. In practice, however, designers also typically work in two other key environments: in design teams and in interaction with computers in CAD environments. Pilot …

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Framing A Learning-Based Approach To Interactive System Design, J. Choi, K. Sato Nov 2006

Framing A Learning-Based Approach To Interactive System Design, J. Choi, K. Sato

DRS Biennial Conference Series

When users interact with an interactive system to achieve goals, their knowledge is utilized, accumulated and generated, formulating and continuously modifying their mental models of the system. This process can be considered the users’ learning process of the system. The goal of this research is to identify users’ learning process through interaction, as well as to provide system designers with the knowledge on this process, so that they can employ such knowledge into the design process. This paper, in particular, investigates the relevant literature to form the standpoint of the overall research. The survey encompasses theories and methodologies from three …

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Expanding The Boundaries Of Form Theory Developing The Model Evolution Of Form, C Akner. Koler Nov 2006

Expanding The Boundaries Of Form Theory Developing The Model Evolution Of Form, C Akner. Koler

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The design research community is beginning to recognize the organizing capacity of form as a scientific method of its own right. The aim of this study was to a) develop a pedagogically framed case study method that applied a participatory action research approach and b) create a 3-D form model bridging geometric- to organic structures. A 10-step-concept-translation-form method was developed which resulted in a “Evolution of form” model with two axes: The first horizontal axis presents a sequence of geometrically derived forms that gradually take on organic qualities of convexities and concavities. The second axis expands the model in a …

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Wallpaper Tiger: The Florence Broadhurst Collection And The Questions Of Cultural Appropriation In Design., Vicki Karaminas, Alana Clifton-Cunningham Nov 2006

Wallpaper Tiger: The Florence Broadhurst Collection And The Questions Of Cultural Appropriation In Design., Vicki Karaminas, Alana Clifton-Cunningham

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In 1959, Sydney based textile designer Florence Broadhurst emerged on the design scene with a collection of prints inspired by Japanese motifs; Art Nouveau and Deco swirls, abstract weaves and traditional tapestry designs. Setting up her studio in the heart of avant-garde Paddington with a team of young designers and screen printers at her side, Florence Broadhurst, also known as ‘Madame Pellier’, began creating her lavish, bold coloured designs. These eclectic prints were extensively utilised for wallpaper and interior furnishings and introduced the Australian post war consumer to vibrant geometric patterns and valiant colour plans. If one examines the cultural …

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What It Takes To Design In The Virtual World, Anthony Williams, Willy Sher, Tom Bellamy, Rod Gameson Nov 2006

What It Takes To Design In The Virtual World, Anthony Williams, Willy Sher, Tom Bellamy, Rod Gameson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The operational differences which result from using different electronic communication media and its impact on generic design skills have been the basis for the research reported in this paper. The outcome of this research is the development and mapping of generic skills profiles for virtual design teams and the designers who work in them. The research findings also identify changes in generic skills profiles between the traditional mode of team design as well as the different operational states of current and future ICT environments. This paper examines design team activities, processes and skills occurring in co-located environments and links these …

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The Unity Of Experience: Perspectives On The Products Of Design, K Tooming Nov 2006

The Unity Of Experience: Perspectives On The Products Of Design, K Tooming

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper arises from practice-based design research that I am conducting for my doctoral degree. In that research, I am investigating the acoustic and aesthetic properties of hand-tufted fibre products that may be used in interior spaces. After producing and testing material samples, I am now moving on to further questions about the experience of such materials in situations of practical use. Specifically, I am investigating how such materials may be used to enhance experience when they are placed in interior spaces. I want to understand the possible criteria for explaining how these materials help to create a unified experience. …

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Design: Category Formation, Prototypicality And (Aesthetic) Preference, M R Ranta Nov 2006

Design: Category Formation, Prototypicality And (Aesthetic) Preference, M R Ranta

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Cognitive psychology has, to a considerable extent, investigated the capacity of humans and other living creatures to categorize objects and events. The formation of categories enables us to apply previous experiences to new ones, to make inferences, to make predictions about the future, and they provide efficiency in communication - just to mention a few examples. Important questions, however, are how categories arise at all (i.e. whether, or to what extent, they are the result of environmental features or constructive processes on the part of the categorizer), and how they are represented in consciousness. Numerous cognitive psychologists have, following the …

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Studying Design Engineers Use Of Information Systems: Which Variables To Control For?, J. Restrepo Nov 2006

Studying Design Engineers Use Of Information Systems: Which Variables To Control For?, J. Restrepo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Studying information usage by design engineers involves considering technical, social, cognitive and volitional factors. This makes it challenging, especially for researchers without a cognitive psychology background. This paper presents a summary of key findings in researching information use and processing in design, discusses important issues on the selection of a research strategy and sums up the important variables that need to be controlled for.

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Necessary, Unnecessary And Sufficient Conditions, M.A.R. Biggs Nov 2006

Necessary, Unnecessary And Sufficient Conditions, M.A.R. Biggs

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper claims that whether a work is classified as research is a matter of judgement. This judgement is made by the audience and is evidenced by a change in their practice and by the attribution of that change to the researcher’s work through referencing and the acknowledgement of intellectual property. The contribution made by this paper is to identify that there are three necessary and sufficient conditions for such a judgement. These are that it be appropriately disseminated, contextualised, and have consequential originality. To achieve these conditions it is desirable, but neither necessary nor sufficient for the researcher to …

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Evaluation Of A Product Under An Attitudinal Approach, L Niemeyer, J Esposel Nov 2006

Evaluation Of A Product Under An Attitudinal Approach, L Niemeyer, J Esposel

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The research presented in this article, performed in Brazil, consisted of the evaluation of a specific product, the shaver, through the attitudinal approach techniques. The target product was chosen because it has a clear and unambiguous main function. Besides, it used individually and frequently. Shavers are found in the Brazilian market in a great variety of models, brands and prices. We tested a sample of shavers that are for sale in most drugstores and supermarket in Brazil. All the participants were men. They were gathered according to their educational levels and kind of professional activity. The analysis of the result …

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When Is A New Thing A Good Thing? Technological Change, Product Form Design And Perceptions Of Value For Product Innovations, Antoaneta Petkova, Violina Rindova Nov 2006

When Is A New Thing A Good Thing? Technological Change, Product Form Design And Perceptions Of Value For Product Innovations, Antoaneta Petkova, Violina Rindova

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Organizational scholars recognize the importance of customers’ perceptions for the successful adoption and diffusion of product innovations. Yet most studies have focused on how innovating firms develop necessary new competencies and learn about customers’ needs rather than on how customers’ perceptions may be influenced by the firms’ technological and design choices. Drawing on psychological research, we argue that innovations with different degrees of novelty present customers with different degrees of incongruity, thereby triggering varying cognitive and emotional responses, which have varying effects on customers’ perceptions of the value potential of product innovations. We develop a framework that articulates how firms …

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The Role Of Design Eureka In Design Thinking, Yi-Cheng Chiang Nov 2006

The Role Of Design Eureka In Design Thinking, Yi-Cheng Chiang

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Most of design researches have paid attention to the rational aspect of design, such as systematic process, design reasoning, design knowledge and so on. However, flashes of insight really occur in many designs. By protocol analysis, the present paper studies such a particular thinking phenomenon of design—the so-called ‘design eureka’. Design eureka always occurs suddenly and is so slippery to catch and to explain. Before design eureka can be understood by analysis, it is the first task to capture it successfully. This paper aims to develop an effective method of describing design eureka in order to have further analysis possible. …

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A Constructivist Approach To Wayfinding Map Studies: Construction Of Spatial Knowledge In People-Map-Space Interactions, Christopher Kueh Nov 2006

A Constructivist Approach To Wayfinding Map Studies: Construction Of Spatial Knowledge In People-Map-Space Interactions, Christopher Kueh

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Effective wayfinding map design requires the application of knowledge about how people interact with maps and the actual environment. This paper presents a research that applied constructivist perspectives to study the ways people construct individual spatial knowledge by interacting with maps and the actual environment. The findings revealed that people construct spatial knowledge based on experience and active interactions with entities in a specific built environment.

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Transferability – A Wonder On The Ground Of Design Research, Rosan Chow, Stan Ruecker Nov 2006

Transferability – A Wonder On The Ground Of Design Research, Rosan Chow, Stan Ruecker

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Drawing on our recent experiences in two research projects in interface design, we propose an alternative to the model of design research that uses generalizability as one of the fundamental criteria. Instead, we suggest that transferability is a more ‘designistic’ factor, and that by privileging transferability in the design research process, we shift design back into the centre of design research. Although this strategy remains to be explored in depth, we provide one example of this kind of research, which involves a number of moves to repurpose an interface for one domain (drama) and community of users (actors, directors, and …

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Use-Inspired Basic Research: Improved Understanding And Innovative Products - A Case Study, D. Steffen Nov 2006

Use-Inspired Basic Research: Improved Understanding And Innovative Products - A Case Study, D. Steffen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper explores the interplay between disciplinary knowledge creation in basic and applied design research on the one hand and experimental design on the other. As part of my dissertation, several case studies were analysed among them a long-term research project which was conducted at the C_Lab for customization design at the Academy of Art and Design Offenbach, Germany. Subject-matter of this research were the various implications and effects, that digital technology will have on design, on product semantics, the role of the designer and the user as co-designer. It included questions and hypothesis basic for design as well as …

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Visual Communication In Portugal: Professional Training And Skills In Twentieth Century, Margarida Ambrósio Fragoso Nov 2006

Visual Communication In Portugal: Professional Training And Skills In Twentieth Century, Margarida Ambrósio Fragoso

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Throughout the twentieth century in Portugal, confronted with the insufficiencies of formal teaching, professionals from the visual and graphic communication field had to construct through practice the skills that allowed to meet the different challenges encountered. This study aims at disseminating the different contexts of formation and learning in the graphical professions and interpreting them according to the cultural contexts.

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Design Leads Us Where Exactly? Leading By Design At Rich Mix, A New Cultural Venture In London, Lucy Kimbell Nov 2006

Design Leads Us Where Exactly? Leading By Design At Rich Mix, A New Cultural Venture In London, Lucy Kimbell

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge about design by reflecting on an action research project where the author tested ideas explored in recent literature, including those concerning design leadership (the opportunity and necessity for designers to shape conversations about strategy; the ability of designers to frame unframed problems in challenging contexts); design thinking (the idea that design problems are indeterminate and that there are ‘designerly’ ways of knowing, thinking and acting); and that design-led approaches can help produce engaging information and communication technologies. These ideas were used to respond to an opportunity in which design played …

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Integrated Descriptive Interactivity For Complex Collections (Idi), Daniel Pinkas, Jean-Louis Boissier, Sidonie Carrillat, Annelore Schneider, Pius Zoll Nov 2006

Integrated Descriptive Interactivity For Complex Collections (Idi), Daniel Pinkas, Jean-Louis Boissier, Sidonie Carrillat, Annelore Schneider, Pius Zoll

DRS Biennial Conference Series

IDI (Integrated Descripttive Interactivity for Complex Collections) is a media design research project currently conducted at the Haute école d’arts appliqués, Geneva (HEAA). IDI explores the descriptive potential of interactive video and seeks to integrate video-interactivity into a comprehensive descriptive and documentary approach to complex collections. An integrated descriptive interactivity aims at providing an intuitive account of the user’s relations to the objects or elements of a complex collection. We must emphasize that our project goes well beyond a simple combination of existing media; it seeks a new documentary modality which allows the user to browse through a collection not …

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