Digital Commons Network^™

Looking Through Glass And Ice, Brian Ferguson-Avery

Short Story

No abstract provided.

Beauty, Fernand Roqueplan

Short Story

No abstract provided.

Potential Predators Of An Invasive Frog (Eleutherodactylus Coqui) In Hawaiian Forests, Karen H. Beard, William C. Pitt

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Making A Splash: A Population Study Of Orcas And Its Application For Student Inquiry In Iowa, Laura Howell

Iowa Science Teachers Journal

The author participated in an Earthwatch Institute sponsored population survey of the Southern Resident Orca (killer whales). The two main aspects of this survey were to study the Orca population and to monitor the effects of humans on them. Orcas are listed as a "threatened" species and their population is currently declining. Results of the study linked the presence of the pollutant Polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) in the ocean to this decline. Students will use the procedures outlined by this research to conduct their own population study on their local community. They will go to the cemetery to collect the mortality (death …

Zoology Teams In Action: Using Animals To Initiate Scientific Inquiry, Kat Hudson

Iowa Science Teachers Journal

The benefits of using animals in the science classroom have been discussed, debated and written about for some time. Using animals as initiators of inquiry-based science and managing the welfare of the animals by creating student-run “Zoology Teams” is addressed in this article. This article promotes National Science Education Content Standards A, C, and F, and Iowa Teaching Standards 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8.

Signatures Of Quaternary Crustal Deformation And Landscape Evolution In The Mendocino Deformation Zone, Nw California, Mark Hemphill-Haley, Tom Leroy, Bob Mcpherson, Jay Patton, Jay Stallman, Diane Sutherland, Todd Williams

Local Reports and Publications

No abstract provided.

Law's Own Ontology: A Comment On Law's Quandary, Jospeh Vining

Reviews

This is the last sentence of Steven Smith's elegant book, Law's Quandary: "[I]n the meantime.., we would perhaps be wise to confess our confusion and to acknowledge that there are richer realities and greater powers in the universe than our meager modern philosophies have dreamed of."

A Sign Of "Weakness"? Disrupting Gender Certainties In The Implementation Of Security Council Resolution 1325, Dianne Otto

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This Article will examine whether efforts to implement the Resolution suggest new ways to address the old problems: the reliance on stereotyped gender representations to rally women in the cause of peace and the vexed strategic question of how movements for transformative change might influence the mainstream institutions of international law and politics. The first concerns the way that the category of gender is deployed by women's peace activism and by international institutions as they respond to it. The author’s question is whether it is possible to rally women to promote peace, while also challenging the gender dichotomies that underpin …

"Framing Affirmative Action", Kimberlé W. Crenshaw

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

With the passage of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative (“MCRI”), Michigan joins California and Washington to constitute the new postaffirmative action frontier. For proponents such as Ward Connerly, affirmative action is on the edge of extinction. Connerly plans to carry his campaign against what he calls “racial preferences” to eight states in 2008, scoring a decisive Super-Tuesday repudiation of a social policy that he portrays as the contemporary face of racial discrimination. On the other side of the issue, proponents of affirmative action are struggling to regroup, fearful that the confluence of lukewarm support among Democratic allies, messy presidential politics …

The Revolution Enters The Court: The Constitutional Significance Of Wrongful Convictions In Contemporary Constitutional Regulation Of The Death Penalty, Jordan Steiker

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

Over the last decade, the most important events in American death pen-alty law have occurred outside the courts. The discovery of numerous wrongfully convicted death-sentenced inmates in Illinois led to the most substantial reflection on the American death penalty system since the late 1960s and early 1970s. Former Illinois Governor George Ryan, a Republi-can, first declared a moratorium on executions in 2000 and eventually commuted all 167 inmates on Illinois’s death row in 2003. The events in Illinois reverberated nationwide. Almost overnight, state legislative agendas shifted from expanding or maintaining the prevailing reach of the death penalty to studying its …

Davis V. Washington And Hammon V. Indiana: Beating Expectations, Robert P. Mosteller

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

I begin with a question of effectiveness: does the new Confrontation Clause doctrine effectively protect defendants with respect to the most im-portant types of problematic out-of-court statements? Although they leave much room for the introduction of hearsay in the immediate aftermath of crime generally, Davis v. Washington and Hammon v. Indiana (together hereinafter Davis) are better opinions from that broad perspective than I had feared. The new doctrine now covers and provides substantial procedural protection for a very important class of problematic hearsay—statements made to government agents investigating past crime.

The Quest For Tenure: Job Security And Academic Freedom, Mark Adams

Articles

No abstract provided.

2006 Winter Class Schedule, University Of Michigan Law School

Class Schedules

Class schedule for the 2006 Winter semester at the University of Michigan Law School

Ada News Convention Daily - 2006 Day 2, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

The ADA News Daily (also called the ADA News Convention Daily) is a special edition of the ADA News published each day during American Dental Association Annual Sessions.

Sub-Lethal Effects Of 2,4-D Exposure On Golf Course Amphibians, Travis J. Ryan, Catherine M. Scott, Brooke A. Douthitt

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Amphibians are among the most common vertebrates inhabiting golf courses. They are frequent inhabitants of golf course wetlands, where they are likely to be episodically exposed to small quantities of herbicides in proper golf course maintenance. The goal of this study was to investigate whether amphibian larvae subjected to sublethal concentrations of a common herbicide used in golf course maintenance would likely result in significant life history, locomotor, or behavioral effects (e.g., changes in growth, swimming speed, or feeding ability). For these experiments we selected as models tadpoles of the southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) and the herbicide 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic …

The Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines Project: Sentencing Factors Applicable To All Offense Types, Model Sentencing Guidelines §3.1 - 3.6, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

This Article is the ninth of twelve parts of a set of Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines designed to illustrate the feasibility and advantages of a simplified approach to federal sentencing proposed by the Constitution Project Sentencing Initiative. The Model Sentencing Guidelines and the Constitution Project report are all to be published in Volume 18, Number 5 of the Federal Sentencing Reporter. The project is described in an essay titled 'Tis a Gift To Be Simple: A Model Reform of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.

Serotonergic Involvement In The Behavioral Depression Produced By Intermittent Swim Stress, John Paul Christianson

Doctoral Dissertations

Exposure to uncontrollable stress produces a behavioral syndrome that is often described as "behavioral depression" in the rat. Current paradigms for inducing behavioral depression utilize continuous swimming or intermittent electric shock stress. Brown et al., developed a novel strategy that combined these stressors to produce the intermittent swim stress (ISS) protocol. The purpose of this thesis was to define the behavioral outcomes of ISS that resemble behavioral depression and to begin neurochemical characterization of the phenomenon.

Two hallmark features of behavioral depression are immobility, as determined in a Forced Swim Test (FST) and escape learning deficits, as determined by operant …

Toward Eco -Citizenship: A Praxis For Empowerment, Penelope S. Morrow

Doctoral Dissertations

My teaching practice and research is about holistic education which assumes that, at some fundamental level, everything is connected. Holistic education is a philosophy, a worldview, that challenges the fragmented, reductionist, mechanistic and nationalistic assumptions of mainstream culture and education. The ultimate goal is to transform the way people look at themselves and their relationships in/to the world from a fragmented to an integrative perspective. This emerging paradigm can also be called ecological, evolutionary, spiritual and global. There is a growing belief that such education is fundamentally spiritual, in its search for wholeness.

Western civilization has been dominated from its …

Gonadal Histology And Reproductive Steroidogenesis Of Anurans Exposed To Potential Endocrine Disrupting Contaminants, Emily May La Fiandra

Doctoral Dissertations

The prevalence of malformed amphibians and the association of high incidences of malformation with the presence of environmental contaminants have raised questions about the effects of environmental contaminants on the development of larval amphibians. The potential endocrine disrupting effects of pesticides suggest that the reproductive and developmental abnormalities observed in larval anurans may be due at least in part to impacts on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The present studies investigate the effects of exposure to environmental contaminants including DDT and atrazine on the development, gonadal histology and reproductive steroidogenesis of larval anurans.

As previous monitoring at Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge …

Physiological Bases Of Parental Care In The Burying Beetles, Nicrophorus Orbicollis, Stefania Carmen Panaitof

Doctoral Dissertations

Burying beetles, Nicrophorus orbicollis, have extended biparental care. They bury and prepare small vertebrate carcasses as food for their young. While females provide the most care, single males show a remarkable behavioral compensation after a mate loss. Here, I integrate behavioral and physiological analyses of parental behavior in burying beetles by exploring how hormonal and social factors may interact to mediate brood care.

In Chapter I, I establish Juvenile Hormone (JH) profiles during a breeding bout and show that after larvae hatch, JH titers of single males and paired females are similar. JH titers of single males also respond to …

Good Press, Bad Press: A 25-Year Comparison Of Arguments And Trends In American News Coverage Of Climate Change And The Ozone Hole, David Howland

Doctoral Dissertations

This study uses an original content analysis categorical system to seek out and compare the substance of arguments in a quarter century of American news coverage about the ozone hole and climate change. Findings from an examination of more than 1,000 news articles written by The Associated Press, United Press International and The New York Times are combined with interviews with members of key stakeholder groups in both cases including scientists, politicians, industry officials, environmentalists and news reporters. The analysis illuminates the social and political processes at work---that is, those captured by the press---in the evolution of the Montreal ozone …

Structural Analysis Of Cytokine Signaling Modulators, Cristina Ileana Silvescu

Doctoral Dissertations

The N-linked glycans attached to cytokine receptors modulate signal transduction by interacting with galectin-3 and generating a cell surface lattice. This opposes constitutive endocytosis and reduces the thresholds for cytokine signaling. The preferred ligands for galectin-3 are the poly-N-acetyl lactosaminylated tetra-antennary glycans which are synthesized by Mgat 5 and are present at high levels in tumor cells. A null mutation in Mgat 5 inhibits lattice formation and cancer progression in cells with an oncogenic background. GlcNAc feeding reestablishes lattice formation, cytokine signaling and tumorigenesis.

A MALDI-TOF analysis was employed to identify the N-glycans involved in modulating signal transduction in wild …

Red Ink: Native Americans Picking Up The Pen In The Colonial Period, Drew Lopenzina

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation looks at the ways that Native Americans appropriated alphabetic literacy for their own purposes in the colonial period. Studies of Native writing tend to begin with the Mohegan preacher Samson Occom whose A Sermon Preached by Samson Occom (1772) is the first known publication by a Native author on the North American continent. This work, however, locates Occom near the end of a series of earlier Native contacts with the written word, the fragments of which are scattered throughout the archive of the colonizer. While scholars have become largely familiarized with the representational modes in American literature that …

Cellular Uptake And Actions Of Bilberry Anthocyanins In Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells, Paul Everett Milbury Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

Inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In AMD, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are damaged by oxidative stress and die via the process of apoptosis. Anthocyanins from fruits and berries, such as bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), possess significant antioxidant activity in vitro and have been used in "traditional medicine" to treat AMD. It is not clear whether intracellular concentrations of anthocyanins are sufficient to quench radical species and mitigate oxidative stress in vivo. In this research project, human RPE cells in vitro were used to establish an oxidative stress model in …

Patterns And Process During The Diversification Of The Cichlid Fishes In Lake Malawi, Africa, Michael R. Kidd

Doctoral Dissertations

The 500-1000 cichlid species endemic to Lake Malawi constitute one of the most rapid and extensive radiations of vertebrates ever discovered. The objective of this dissertation was to test the assumptions and predictions of several recently published models of cichlid speciation. First, a novel assay of female choice was used to evaluate the role of visual cues during conspecific recognition. The results of this experiment demonstrate that females are able to identify conspecific mates using only visual cues. Second, the assumptions of a recent model of speciation via intrasexual selection were tested by comparing aggressive behavior during territorial contests among …

Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compound Measurements: Distributions And Effects On Air Quality In Coastal Marine, Rural And Remote Continental Environments, Yong Zhou

Doctoral Dissertations

A detailed description of the analytical methods employed for whole air sampling and analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds is presented. The system described in this thesis produced high precision measurements for a large suite of nonmethane hydrocarbons, halocarbons, and alkyl nitrates, from part per billion by volume (ppbv) to part per trillion by volume (pptv) levels. The measurement precision for most gases ranged from 1-10%.

Results from two subsequent field campaigns (2002 and 2003) conducted in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) are presented. The findings indicate that 2-stroke snowmobile engine emissions furnish large quantities of air toxics to the YNP …

A Molecular And Morphological Investigation Of The Red Seaweed Genus Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) In The Northwest Atlantic, Troy Lee Bray

Doctoral Dissertations

To evaluate the possible occurrence of cryptic Porphyra taxa in the Northwest Atlantic, extensive field collections were made during winter and spring periods when relatively few previous collections had been made. Approximately 100 different sites extending from Chance Harbor, New Brunswick, Canada to Rye, New York, USA, were sampled during multiple years (2001-2005). Historical specimens from several herbaria (NHA, FH, BM, WTU, MICH, US) were also examined for possible cryptic taxa. A combination of morphological and molecular tools was used to screen both recent and historical collections.

Sequences from the plastid-encoded, ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene and rbcL- …

Phylogenetic Relationships Of Monocots Based On The Highly Informative Plastid Gene Ndhf, Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, Sean W. Graham, Marc A. Mcpherson, Linda M. Prince, Thomas B. Patterson, Hardeep S. Rai, Eric H. Roalson, Timothy M. Evans, William J. Hahn, Kendra C. Millam, Alan W. Meerow, Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores, Heath W. O'Brien, Jocelyn C. Hall, W. John Kress, Kenneth J. Sytsma

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

We used ndhF sequence variation to reconstruct relationships across 282 taxa representing 78 monocot families and all 12 orders. The resulting tree is highly resolved and places commelinids sister to Asparagales, with both sister to Liliales—Pandanales in the strict consensus; Pandanales are sister to Dioscoreales in the bootstrap majority-rule tree, just above Petrosaviales. Acorales are sister to all other monocots, with Alismatales sister to all but Acorales. Relationships among the four major clades of commelinids remain unresolved. Relationships within orders are consistent with those based on rbcL, alone or in combination with atpB and 18S nrDNA, and …

Molecular Basis Of Development In Petaloid Monocot Flowers, Bo Johansen, Signe Frederikson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

and several studies have confirmed the extended ABC model as the molecular background of flower development in this plant group. The core eudicots are characterized as having one copy of each of the B-class genes and at least two copies of A-class genes: one is expressed in floral meristems, the other in inflorescence meristems. In monocots and non-core eudicots the validity of the ABC model is under discussion. Generally, more than one functional copy is found of at least one of the B-class genes. The A-class genes apparently are expressed in meristems of both flower and inflorescence. Morphologically petaloid stamens …

The Good, The Bad, The Ugly: Using Naturally Occurring Terata To Distinguish The Possible From The Impossible In Orchid Floral Evolution, Richard M. Bateman, Paula J. Rudall

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

We interpret extensive field observations of terata in the context of recent insights into monocot phylogeny and evolutionary-developmental genetics to explore the evolution of the orchid flower. Our arguably typological classification of floral terata focuses on natural occurrences of three contrasting modes of peloria (restoration of actinomorphy in a formerly zygomorphic perianth) and three contrasting modes of pseudopeloria (lessening of the degree of zygomorphy shown by the evolutionarily preceding perianth). Dynamic evolutionary transitions in floral morphology are assigned to recently revised concepts of heterotopy (including homeosis: evolutionary transitions in position of expression) and heterochrony (evolutionary transitions in timing of expression), …