Digital Commons Network^™

Prevalence Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Minority Groups, Patricia Elizabeth Sanchez

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the study evaluated Loma Linda University Medical Center's (LLUMC) Diabetes Treatment Center's (DTC) effectiveness in providing diabetes education and services to high risk minority populations. Second, the results of the study helped the DTC determine the need for expanding its present efforts in the form of community health prevention services to San Bernardino County residents.

Reconsidering The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act: Toward State Regionalization In Bioterrorism Response, Matthew E. Brown

Annals of Health Law and Life Sciences

This article takes a critical look at the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, legislation developed quickly as part of the country's "War on Terror." The author examines the potential bioterrorist threat, criticizes protocols currently in place under the Act, and offers his suggestions for a more effective, more efficient response to bioterrorism in light of technological advances affecting warfare tactics and pathology.

The Influences Of System Affiliation, Size, And Location On Bioterrorism Preparedness Among Florida Hospitals, Kourtney Scharoun

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the event of a bioterrorist attack, emergency departments are considered the first line of response for all acute levels of care. This study focused on hospital emergency departments in Florida and the activities, policies, and procedures involved in preparing for a bioterrorist attack. Hospital size, location, and system affiliation were related to attaining these levels, and their impact was assessed. Through a cross-sectional survey design, the physical properties of the 77 hospitals (i.e. facilities, equipment, communication systems, etc.), and the social characteristics of the organizations (managerial functions including: planning, training, financial, and environmental characteristics) were examined. One-way analysis of …

Disease Complexes: Complex Diseases, Larry A. Sagers

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Chimpanzees In Research: Past, Present, And Future, Kathleen Conlee, Sarah T. Boysen

State of the Animals 2005

Although the welfare of chimpanzees encompasses many issues, this chapter addresses their use in research, including their historical and current use in the United States, ethical and scientific concerns, public opinion, international legislation, and future directions.

Feral Cats: An Overview, Margaret R. Slater, Stephanie Shain

State of the Animals 2005

Humans and cats have a long and complex history together. Since the nineteenth century, contradictory ideas about the need to protect and care for cats have moved us toward a shift in ideas, values, and behaviors to a more benign perception of cats than was generally the case in previous centuries. In some quarters, but not all, even feral cats have begun to be seen as worthy of our study and humane treatment. In many countries, the welfare of all cats has become a focus of public concern, but nowhere is the shift in values reflected more than in the …

Non-Human Primates In Medical Research And Drug Development: A Critical Review, Jarrod Bailey

Laboratory Experiments Collection

There is much current debate surrounding the use of non-human primates (NHPs) in medical research and drug development. This review, stimulated by calls for evidence from UK-based inquiries into NHP research, takes a critical view in order to provide some important balance against papers supporting NHP research and calling for it to be expanded. We show that there is a paucity of evidence to demonstrate the positive contribution or successful translation of NHP research to human medicine, that there is a great deal of often overlooked data showing NHP research to be irrelevant, unnecessary, even hazardous to human health and …

Profile: Alumni Stories: Health Fitness Research Medicine, University Relations

Profile (1996-)

The theme of this issue of Profile is medicine, health and wellness, a timely topic as we celebrate the successes of our student athletes in our move to NCAA Division III, commemorate the first half-decade of the astonishingly successful Regional Fitness Center, and continue to work for shared athletic facilities with the Morris Area Public School District.

--From Chancellor Schuman's Message

Assessment And Prediction Of Self-Reported Hiv-Risk Behaviors By Women In Substance Abuse Treatment, Radhika Sehgal

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This study compared information obtained from self-administered questionnaires (SAQ) and faceto- face interview (FTFI) versions of the HIV Risk-taking Behavior Scale. This study also compared women intravenous drug users (IVDU’s) and non-IVDU’s on rates of HIV risk behaviors and the extent to which unstable housing, unemployment, single parenthood, barriers to accessing health care, and number of years of drug abuse predicted HIV risk. There were no differences in rates of risk behavior reported between SAQ and FTFI formats. IVDU’s had higher sexual risk behaviors than non-IVDU’s. Unstable housing significantly predicted risk behavior. Relative to those with more education, those with …

Risk And Consequence Analysis Focused On Biota Transfers Potentially Associated With Surface Water Diversions Between The Missouri River And Red River Basins, Greg Linder, Ed Little, Bruce Peacock, Heather Goeddeke, Lynne Johnson, Chad Vishy

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Under the auspices of the Dakota Water Resources Act (DWRA) of 2000, the Secretary of the Interior has been directed to conduct a comprehensive study of the water quality and quantity needs of the Red River Valley and the options for meeting those needs. As such, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) requested technical support from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC) for an evaluation of the risks and economic consequences of biota transfers potentially associated with interbasin water transfers that might occur between the Upper Missouri River and the Red River of the North (Red River) …

Evaluation Of Western Blotting Methods Using Samples With Or Without Sodium Phosphotungstic Acid Precipitation For Diagnosis Of Scrapie And Chronic Wasting Disease, Hongsheng Huang, Jasmine Rendulich, Dan Stevenson, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Aru Balachandran

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The purpose of this study was to enhance the sensitivity of the Western blot (WB) test for use as an alternative and confirmatory method for the diagnosis of scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Canada by comparing 2 sample preparation procedures: an abnormal prion protein (PrP^Sc) concentration procedure using sodium phosphotungstic acid (PTA) precipitation and a procedure using crude sample without precipitation. A total of 100 cerebrum samples (52 sheep and 48 elk), including 66 negative (31 sheep, 35 elk) and 34 positive (21 scrapie and 13 CWD positive) samples diagnosed by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on retropharyngeal …

The Incidence Of Genotypes At Codon 171 Of The Prion Protein Gene (Prnp) In Five Breeds Of Sheep And Production Traits Of Ewes Associated With Those Genotypes, B. M. Alexander, R. H. Stobart, W. C. Russell, Katherine I. O'Rourke, G. S. Lewis, J. R. Logan, J. V. Duncan, G. E. Moss

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Scrapie is one of several transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of livestock. Disease susceptibility is linked to polymorphisms in the normal prion protein gene that encodes the mammalian prion precursor. Codon 171 of this gene is a major determinant of scrapie susceptibility. Selection for arginine (R) at codon 171 is encouraged by the USDA to decrease the incidence of scrapie. Objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of R allele variants at codon 171 in a sample of sheep from five breeds (Columbia, Hampshire, Rambouillet, Suffolk, and Targhee) and western white-faced commercial ewes and to determine whether the R allele …

Chronic Wasting Disease Of Elk: Transmissibility To Humans Examined By Transgenic Mouse Models, Qingzhong Kong, Shenghai Huang, Wenquan Zou, Difernando Vanegas, Meiling Wang, Di Wu, Jue Yuan, Mengjie Zheng, Hua Bai, Huayun Deng, Ken Chen, Allen L. Jenny, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Ermais D. Belay, Lawrence B. Schonberger, Robert B. Pertersen, Man-Sun Sy, Shu G. Chen, Pierluigi Gambetti

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease affecting free-ranging and captive cervids (deer and elk), is widespread in the United States and parts of Canada. The large cervid population, the popularity of venison consumption, and the apparent spread of the CWD epidemic are likely resulting in increased human exposure to CWD in the United States. Whether CWDis transmissible to humans, as has been shown for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (the prion disease of cattle), is unknown. We generated transgenic mice expressing the elk or human prion protein (PrP) in a PrP-null background. After intracerebral inoculation with elk CWD prion, two lines …

Conformational Sampling Of The Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Light Chain: Implications For Inhibitor Binding, James C. Burnett, James J. Schmidt, Connor F. Mcgrath, Tam L. Nguyen, Ann R. Hermone, Rekha G. Panchal, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Krishna Kodukula, Daniel W. Zaharevitz, Rick Gussio, Sina Bavari

United States Army: Publications

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent of the known biological toxins, and consequently are listed as category A biowarfare agents. Currently, the only treatments against BoNTs include preventative antitoxins and long-term supportive care. Consequently, there is an urgent need for therapeutics to counter these enzymes––post exposure. In a previous study, we identified a number of small, nonpeptidic lead inhibitors of BoNT serotype A light chain (BoNT/A LC) metalloprotease activity, and we identified a common pharmacophore for these molecules. In this study, we have focused on how the dynamic movement of amino acid residues in and surrounding the substrate binding …

The Case Of South African And Chilean Health Systems: Comparison Of Financial, Economic And Health Indicators, Alberto Coustasse, Peter Hilsenrath, Patricio Silva Rojas

Management Faculty Research

The purpose of this study is to identify similarities and differences between healthcare systems of South Africa and Chile. The World Health Report 2000, the Human Development Index, and financial indicators were used for comparison. Chile showed better performance than South Africa in most of the measures used. Significant progress has been made in South Africa, bringing better education, healthcare and housing to the deprived black majority. However, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, weighs heavily on health indicators. Chile decentralized its health services and implemented economic reforms during the 1980's and has had steady improvement in its healthcare indicators. Finally, these counties …

Prenatal Malnutrition And Risk Of Schizophrenia, Andria Timmer

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

Characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is estimated to have a lifetime risk of one percent (Liu et al., Allen 2002). Prevalence rates in different countries range from 0.2-2.0 percent with an average incidence rate of 28.1 per 100,000 remaining stable across a wide range of cultures, climates and ethnic groups (Thomas 2000). In the United States, at any given time there may be two to three million people who either have schizophrenia or are at risk of developing it (Allen 2002). The disease usually manifests itself in late …

Cover - Front Matter - Table Of Contents

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

No abstract provided.

Schizophrenia And Alcoholism, Kim Mueser

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Barriers To Combating Infectious Disease Globally: A Look At Dengue Fever, Rob J. Fernandez

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

Infectious disease remains one of the most important concerns in global health. Serious infectious diseases affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide each year. While attention is often focused on HIV/AIDS, malaria or TB, dengue fever and its more lethal variety dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are also a risk for the more than 2.5 billion people living in tropical and sub-tropical regions across the globe, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Approximately 50 million cases, about 400,000 of which are DHF, are documented each year, with some countries reporting it as a leading cause of child mortality (1). Although …

Use Of Calcium Hypochlorite As A Sanitizer For Seeds Used For Sprouting: Task #2; Impact: Improved Alfalfa Decontamination Technologies, Emily Damron, Carrie Klein, Melissa Leach, Jordan Mourot, Tom Murphy, Amy Seamans, Ryan Wilson

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Consumption of raw or lightly cooked alfalfa sprouts has been a concern of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in recent years due to connections between sprouts and foodborne illnesses. Researchers have identified, contaminated seeds as the primary source of alfalfa sprouts contamination. Contamination of alfalfa seeds can originate in the field, harvesting, storing, or sprouting. Two pathogens of particular concern on alfalfa seeds are Escherichia coli 0157:H7 (E. coli) and Salmonella. These pathogens are capable of producing biofilms that provide protection for individual cells and allow for survival in otherwise hostile environments, including some disinfectant washes. Other factors …

Determinants Of Adoption Of Security Systems To Address Bioterrorist Threats: An Analysis Of Dairy Farms In The Western United States, Nicolas K. Buttars, Allen J. Young, Deevon Bailey

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Data generated from a survey of western dairy farms is used to determine the characteristics of dairy farmers who have undertaken to improve security measures on their farms during the past two or three years. The findings suggest that decisions to improve on-farm security are influenced by the producer's awareness of how to develop a security policy and also the size of the dairy operation. The results also support the notion that farms may be vulnerable to bioterrorist attacks because most farmers do not believe it is important to establish on-farm security policies.

Recruitment Of Gr-1+ Monocytes Is Essential For Control Of Acute Toxoplasmosis, Paul M. Robben, Marie Laregina, William A. Kuziel, L. David Sibley

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Use Of Several Inducer And Substrate Antibiotic Combinations In A Disk Approximation Assay Format To Screen For Ampc Induction In Patient Isolates Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Enterobacter Spp., Citrobacter Spp., And Serratia Spp., W. Michael Dunne Jr., Daniel J. Hardin

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Use Of In Vivo-Induced Antigen Technology For Identification Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Proteins Expressed During Human Infection, Manohar John, Indira T. Kudva, Robert W. Griffin, Allen W. Dodson, Bethany Mcmanus, Bryan Krastins, David Sarracino, Ann Progulske-Fox, Jeffrey D. Hillman, Martin Handfield, Phillip I. Tarr, Stephen B. Calderwood

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Support For Victims Of Human Trafficking, U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services

Human Trafficking: Data and Documents

Preventive health care for victims of human trafficking is virtually non-existent, and health problems are typically not treated in their early stages.

The Scarab (2005-01)

The Scarab, 1952-2010

From the cover: "Official Organ of the Alumni Association of the Medical College of Virginia."

Hslic Annual Report Fy2004-05, Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center

HSLIC Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Predictive Spatial Dynamics And Strategic Planning For Raccoon Rabies Emergence In Ohio, James E. Childs, David L. Smith, Colin A. Russell, Leslie A. Real

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Rabies is an important public health concern in North America because of recent epidemics of a rabies virus variant associated with raccoons. The costs associated with surveillance, diagnostic testing, and post-exposure treatment of humans exposed to rabies have fostered coordinated efforts to control rabies spread by distributing an oral rabies vaccine to wild raccoons. Authorities have tried to contain westward expansion of the epidemic front of raccoonassociated rabies via a vaccine corridor established in counties of eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Although sporadic cases of rabies have been identified in Ohio since oral rabies vaccine distribution in 1998, …

Experimental Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease Agent From Mule Deer To Cattle By The Intracerebral Route, Amir N. Hamir, Robert A. Kunkle, Randall C. Cutlip, Janice M. Miller, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Elizabeth S. Williams, Michael W. Miller, Mick J. Stack, Melanie J. Chaplin, Jügen A. Richt

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

This communication reports final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from mule deer to cattle by the intracerebral route. Thirteen calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from mule deer naturally affected with CWD. Three other calves were kept as uninoculated controls. The experiment was terminated 6 years after inoculation. During that time, abnormal prion protein (PrP^res) was demonstrated in the central nervous system (CNS) of 5 cattle by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot. However, microscopic lesions suggestive of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) in the brains of these PrP^res-positive animals were subtle in 3 …

Using Therapeutic Jurisprudence In Teaching Lawyering Skills: Meeting The Challenge Of The New Aba Standards, Bruce J. Winick

St. Thomas Law Review

At some law schools, existing courses already involve a simulation component. Some use a problem method approach whereby students are provided with written problems in advance and asked to come to class prepared to role play attorneys solving the problems or presenting opposing arguments concerning them. In the past, when I taught courses in Administrative Law and Federal Courts, I used a problem method approach that sought to blend skills training with doctrinal learning. For many years I have taught, and continue to teach, a course in Advanced Criminal Procedure using a variety of problems crafted over the years that …