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Interventions Linking Gender Relations And Violence With Reproductive Health And Hiv: Rationale, Effectiveness And Gaps, Jane Chege

Reproductive Health

The past decade has witnessed much attention on the interrelationship between accepted gender norms and reproductive health (RH) outcomes in the context of HIV/AIDS. After decades of ignoring men in RH programmes, attention is now focusing on actively involving men in interrogating gender norms underpinning gender-based violence (GBV) in the context of RH and HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support activities. However, there are challenges in addressing gender norms and in male involvement. The purpose of this article is to highlight existing evidence-based efforts to challenge gender norms and promote constructive male involvement, with a special focus on South Africa; to …

Transferring Ghana's System Of Evidence-Based Health Program Development: Program For An Initial Exchange With Sierra Leone And Burkina Faso, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Ghana’s Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) experiment demonstrated that mobilizing community volunteerism, in combination with retraining and redeploying nurses to village-based locations reduced childhood mortality rates in that country. Thus, CHPS has become the government’s primary strategy for realizing universal access to health care. This report provides a description of an initial exchange organized by the Ghana Health Service, the Navrongo Health Research Centre, and the Population Council to explore ways of transferring and adapting these evidence-based strategies to other countries in the region. The exchange included representatives from the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation and the …

Cross-Cultural Adaptation Of Reproductive Health Services In Bolivia, Fernando Gonzales Salguero, Antonieta Martin, Rosario Perez Mendoza, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

The Bolivian Ministry of Health and Sports and the Integral Health Project, with the technical assistance of the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program (FRONTIERS), tested several strategies to make health services in Bolivia more culturally appropriate for the country’s indigenous peoples. The goal of the project was to increase women’s access to, use of, and satisfaction with health services in general, and reproductive health services in particular, through: a) enhanced understanding and acceptance of the “other” culture; b) improving communication skills; c) facilitating and promoting use of the Quechua language in clinics; d) systematically screening clients’ health service …

Operations Research To Improve Postabortion (Pac) Services In Three Public Hospitals, Bolivia, Fernando Gonzales Salguero, Mariel Loayza

Reproductive Health

In the last five years, Pathfinder Bolivia has provided technical assistance, training and equipment to the Ministry of Health (MOH) to implement postabortion care (PAC) services in eight hospitals. They invited Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) to provide the technical assistance and training for conducting operations research (OR) activities. This report describes the second stage of this collaborative effort as presented in a three-day workshop attended by providers and staff members of the participant hospitals. During the workshop, participants received OR training and developed draft OR proposals seeking to improve PAC service delivery problems identified during the first study. The …

Use Of Systematic Screening To Increase The Provision Of Reproductive Health Services In Bolivia, James R. Foreit, Ricardo Vernon, Patricia Riveros Hamel

Reproductive Health

The objective of this study was to determine if the use of a checklist to screen for unmet service needs could increase the number of services per visit provided to clients using rural Bolivian health facilities. Measurement included changes in services per visit before and after the introduction of the intervention, and a comparison of services received at screened and non-screened visits. Findings show that, to the degree that provider compliance can be secured, systematic screening of clients appears to be an effective method for reducing unmet health service needs. The findings of this study replicate those of other studies …

Willingness-To-Pay For Services Provided By The Clinical Services Improvement Project (Csi) In Egypt, John H. Bratt, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Magdi A. Ibrahim, Mohammed Edress

Reproductive Health

Willingness-to-pay (WTP) surveys are increasingly used in reproductive health programs to predict the impact of price changes on revenues, utilization, and client profile. The FRONTIERS program worked with the Clinical Services Improvement (CSI) project and the Cairo Demographic Center to carry out a WTP survey in six CSI clinics in Egypt. The survey found that most clients would be willing to pay higher prices for CSI services, and WTP did not vary much by client economic status. However, predictive validity was low when all reasons for client discontinuation were included. WTP surveys have the potential to be useful tools for …

An Assessment Of Trends In The Use Of The Iud In Ghana: National Results Dissemination And Utilization, Ivy Osei, John Gyapong, Monica Wanjiru, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

The overall aim of this study was to inform the Ghana Health Service, USAID, and other partners involved in providing family planning services in Ghana about future directions that could be taken to reinvigorate the IUD within the context of a family planning service based on the principles of free and informed choice. The Health Research Unit conducted the study, with technical assistance from FRONTIERS and funding from USAID. The findings showed that the declining interest in and use of the IUD as a family planning method could be attributed to several factors, including negative perceptions and false beliefs about …

Improving The Ghanaian Safe Motherhood Programme, Ivy Osei, Bertha Garshong, Gertrude Banahene, John Gyapong, Placide Tapsoba, Ian Askew, Clement Ahiadeke, Richard Killian, Edward Bonku, Perle Combary, William Sampson

Reproductive Health

Prior to the Ghana Ministry of Health scaling up the country’s Safe Motherhood program, they requested support from the Population Council’s USAID-funded Frontiers in Reproductive Health program to undertake an operations research study to evaluate and compare the cost-effectiveness of two training approaches and other performance improvement interventions. The study measured and compared changes in provider knowledge and skills and the costs of implementing a three-week residential vs. self-paced learning (SPL) approach. The SPL approach costs more per trainer than the traditional residential approach, both in financial costs alone and when opportunity costs are added, however, a cost-effectiveness analysis showed …

Improving Access To Long-Term Contraceptives In Rural Guatemala Through The Ministry Of Health, Edwin Montufar, Carlos Morales, Ricardo Vernon, Carlos Brambila, Jorge Solorzano

Reproductive Health

The purpose of this study was to test a model to train nurse auxiliaries at health centers and posts in Guatemala and to determine whether these providers could deliver adequate, cost-effective services. The training model consisted of: a) selection of nurse auxiliaries; b) two-day group training; c) on-the-job training, including work with actual clients at the trainees’ work centers; and d) certification of trainees who had conducted at least five quality insertions under supervision. This study has shown that nonprofessional health providers can effectively provide quality IUD services in Guatemala. The main recommendation derived from the project is to scale …

Expanding Access To Vasectomy Services In The Ministry Of Health Of Guatemala, Blanca De Rodriguez, Ricardo Vernon, Jorge Solorzano

Reproductive Health

This project tested the effectiveness of a systemic model for introducing vasectomy in service delivery units of the Guatemalan Ministry of Health (MOH), which has four basic components: a) the self-selection of health units according to their response to an invitation to participate in the project; b) the development of a counseling and information model for potential clients; c) training and sensitizing of health teams; and d) on-site training of surgeons. The report concludes that the introduction model for vasectomy in the MOH centers was successful. A high proportion of hospitals that identified vasectomy candidates finished the process, and the …

Systematic Screening As A Strategy To Increase Services Integration And Revenues In Honduras, Ricardo Vernon, James R. Foreit, Fiorella Mancini, Suyapa Pavon, Jheisy Torres

Reproductive Health

This operations research study, undertaken by the Honduras Family Planning Association (Asociación Hondureña de Planificación de Familia—ASHONPLAFA), tested the effectiveness of systematic screening to increase the number of services and revenue per visit in a reproductive health program. Despite monitoring plans, provider compliance with the intervention was low; the overall proportion of clients screened was less than 11 percent, and the frequency of screening varied greatly by clinic contact point. Although the study did not show an increase in the mean number of services per client, the negative results could reasonably be attributed to lack of implementation of the intervention. …

Systematic Screening To Integrate Reproductive Health Services In India, N.P. Das, Urvi Shah, Varsha Chitania, Pratibha Patel, M.E. Khan, Anurag Mishra, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

This study, conducted in large public clinics and small health posts in the city of Vadodara, India, tested the effectiveness of a systematic screening technique in integrating reproductive health services at the provider level. The objective was to determine if women screened during clinic visits received more services, appointments, and referrals per visit than women who were not screened. Results show that in experimental group clinics the number of services per visit increased while control clinics experienced a slight decrease; the effect of systematic screening was smaller in health posts than in clinics. In experimental posts, services per visit increased …

Nursing Staff Dynamics And Implications For Maternal Health Provision In Public Health Facilities In The Context Of Hiv/Aids, Loveday Penn-Kekana, Duane Blaauw, Khin San Tint, Desiree Monareng, Jane Chege

Reproductive Health

This study, carried out in Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa, aimed to document nursing staff dynamics in maternal health services, and to explore the factors associated with these dynamics. The study found that a high percentage of nursing staff working in public facilities were demotivated, burnt out, and were considering leaving the facility where they were working. A range of factors, both financial and nonfinancial, were associated with nurses considering going overseas: inadequate pay, poor promotion, feeling unsupported by management, and having bad relationships at work were all associated with lack of organizational commitment. As a result …

Feasibility Of Introducing A Comprehensive Package Of Antenatal Care Services In Rural Public Clinics In South Africa, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Nzwakie Mosery, Mbali Ndube-Nxumalo, Busi Kunene, Mags Beksinska, Janet Dalton, Ester Snyman, Wilem Sturm, Preshny Moodley

Reproductive Health

The Maternal, Child and Women’s Health Unit, in collaboration with the Population Council’s FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program, the Reproductive Health Research Unit of the University of Witwatersrand, and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, developed and then pilot-tested this revised model in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The project’s objective was to develop and test an improved and integrated antenatal care program for public-sector clinics that would increase the range and quality of services received by pregnant women and improve their reproductive health behavior and status. Various problems, …

Using Systematic Screening To Increase Integration Of Reproductive Health Services Delivery In Senegal, Diouratie Sanogo, Ricardo Vernon, James R. Foreit, Awa M. Coll-Seck, Colonel Adama Adoye, Laty G. Ndoye, Cheikh Bamba Diop, Balla Mbacke Mboup, Omar Sarr

Reproductive Health

This study tested the systematic screening technique to increase the integration of reproductive health services in Senegal. The study took place in four urban health posts in the city of Dakar and three rural health posts in the district of Kebemer. A before and after design tested the hypothesis that the use of the systematic screening tool would result in more services received per client visit. In Dakar, services per visit increased significantly by 20 percent, while in Kebemer, services per visit also increased significantly by 35 percent. The study also examined several techniques to improve provider compliance with the …

The Vanishing Public Domain: Antibiotic Resistance, Pharmaceutical Innovation And Intellectual Property Law, Kevin Outterson

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Penicillin and other antibiotics were the original wonder drugs and laid the foundation of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Human health significantly improved with the introduction of antibiotics. By 1967, the U.S. Surgeon General declared victory over infectious diseases in the United States. But pride goes before a fall. The evolutionary pressure of antibiotic use selects for resistant strains. Effective drugs should be used. But when they are used, no matter how carefully, evolutionary pressure for resistance is created. The problem is not limited to antibiotics. Variants of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develop resistance to anti-retroviral drugs. Antifungal agents face …

The Ictr And Justice For Rwandan Women, Mark A. Drumbl

Scholarly Articles

In this article, I hope to spring from the discussion of the ICTR's gender jurisprudence to a broader conversation that touches on the relationship between this jurisprudence and life for Rwandan women today. In particular, I'd like to consider three questions: What do both the gender jurisprudence and the jurisprudence at large of the ICTR mean to women, individually and collectively, in Rwanda? How do other modalities of accountability that operate in postgenocide Rwanda respond to gender violence and promote gender equality? What is the situation of Rwandan women today?

Lynn Magazine - Winter 2005, Lynn University

Lynn Magazine / LYNN

Main Stories:

• Forward thinking
• Learning with a difference
• The picture of good teaching

Translation As Transmission And Transformation, Jay L. Garfield

Philosophy: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Myasthenia Gravis From Thomas Willis To The Present, Adel K. Afifi

Neurosciences

The history of the development of knowledge of myasthenia gravis is reviewed. Clinical profiles of the immune and non-immune mediated forms of myasthenia are discussed. The current theory of pathogenesis is reviewed. Tests used to diagnose myasthenia gravis, and their comparative diagnostic yields are presented. Past and current modalities of treatment are reviewed. Future therapeutic strategies are introduced. The roles of the thymus and thymectomy in the genesis and treatment of myasthenia gravis are discussed.

Design And Development Of Online Survey System / Tan Fang Yen, Fang Yen Tan

Student Works (2000-2009)

Doing survey is one of the unavoidable events. But the key point is how far a survey can be conducted in a moderately effective and efficient way? Doing survey online is advisable and since an idea of Online Survey System (OSS) is being advocated. OSS, or in other saying, a web based survey system, is being introduced in order to reduce or mitigate, even to complement the drawbacks of manual/ traditional methods. OSS is implementing able as long as the Internet access is available within the user's mean. Besides, the user is required to have at least one email account. …

Knowledge Management Portal (Software Engineering) / Norzamhana Yusof, Yusof Norzamhana

Student Works (2000-2009)

Latihan Ilmiah merupakan kursus wajib bagi para pelajara tahun akhir Fakulti Sains Komputer dan teknologi maklumat untuk memenuhi keperluan Sarjana Muda Sains Komputer dan Sarjana Muda Sains Komputer dan Sarjana Muda Teknologi Maklumat di Universiti Malaya. Latihan Ilmiah ini terbahagi kepada dua iaitu Latihan Ilmiah ini terbahagi kepada dua iaitu Latihan Ilmiah I yang akan dilakukan pada semester pertama dan Latihan Ilmiah dua yang akan disambung pada semester kedua. Pelajar perlu membuat satu projek untuk mengaplikasikan teori-teori yabg dipelajari selama ini. Projek yang akan dibangunkan ini bertajuk Portal Sistem Pengurusan Pengetahuan Kejuruteraan Perisian. Projek ini memaparkan maklumat mengenai Jabatan Kejuruteraan …

The Impact Of International Human Rights Developments On Sexual Minority Rights, Arthur S. Leonard

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

If I Implore You And Order You To Set Me Free, Robert Blecker

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

Longwood University Catalog 2005-2006, Longwood University

Undergraduate Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Method Of Infant Feeding As A Predictor Of Maternal Responsiveness, Emily Eiwen Drake

Theses and Dissertations

Infants need to develop effective, secure attachment to their primary caregivers in the first year of life. Researchers have not been able to identify all the factors that may influence the development of infant attachment. Most of the studies in this area have been done without regard to infant feeding as a potential factor. Maternal responsiveness appears to be key in the child's development of secure attachment behaviors, yet even after decades of research on infant attachment and maternal responsiveness, there is little evidence available to assist with early identification of families at risk and few interventions known to be …

A Systems Approach To An Into Organizational Communication Within The Fire And Emergency Services Authority Of Western Australia : An Action Research Study, Ellen Jones

Theses : Honours

Research suggests that a rapidly changing environment due to advancing technology, globalization, expanding world markets, changing populations is resulting in the need for a change to workplace practices. Emerging issues due to an aging population and the anticipated shrinkage of the workforce with the retirement of the baby boomers is indicating the need for the development of new skills. Through a real-life case study, this thesis looks into the aspects of organizational life that impact on effective communication. Through an action research approach implications are drawn from a systems theory view of communication. Action research and systems thinking enables the …

Spending Health Care Dollars Wisely: Can Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Help?, Milton C. Weinstein

Center for Policy Research

Are we getting the most health improvement possible for our money. In other words, are all the things that we do in medicine really worth it? That is where cost-effectiveness comes in. As a nation, we have been unwilling, at least publicly, to look explicitly at the value, in terms of improved health outcome, that we get for our health care dollars. With advances in medical technology putting unsustainable pressure on health care costs, our historical reluctance to measure value for health care may have to change. I start this brief by describing cost-effectiveness analysis as a method of determining …

Labor Supply With Social Interactions: Econometric Estimates And Their Tax Policy Implications, Andrew Grodner, Thomas Kniesner

Center for Policy Research

Our research fleshes out econometric details of examining possible social interactions in labor supply. We look for a response of a person's hours worked to hours worked in the labor market reference group, which includes those with similar age, family structure, and location. We identify endogenous spillovers by instrumenting average hours worked in the reference group with hours worked in neighboring reference groups. Estimates of the canonical labor supply model indicate positive economically important spillovers for adult men. The estimated total wage elasticity of labor supply is 0.22, where 0.08 is the exogenous wage change effect and 0.14 is the …

Cox-Mcfadden Partial And Marginal Likelihoods For The Proportional Hazard Model With Random Effects, Jan Ondrich

Center for Policy Research

In survival analysis, Cox's name is associated with the partial likelihood technique that allows consistent estimation of proportional hazard scale parameters without specifying a duration dependence baseline. In discrete choice analysis, McFadden's name is associated with the generalized extreme-value (GEV) class of logistic choice models that relax the independence of irrelevant alternatives assumption. This paper shows that the mixed class of proportional hazard specifications allowing consistent estimation of scale and mixing parameters using partial likelihood is isomorphic to the GEV class. Independent censoring is allowed and I discuss approximations to the partial likelihood in the presence of ties. Finally, the …