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2004

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Testing And Evaluating A Designer-Centred Method For Ergonomically-Informed In-Car Device Design., Eugene Chen, Andrée Woodcock, Stephen Ar Scrivener Nov 2004

Testing And Evaluating A Designer-Centred Method For Ergonomically-Informed In-Car Device Design., Eugene Chen, Andrée Woodcock, Stephen Ar Scrivener

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The usability issues of interfaces to in-car devices need to be evaluated early during their concept design. One of the goals for such an evaluation should be to provide designers with information to guide redesign. Such an evaluation does not need to be situated in a car, but must take into account the primary driving task and the vehicle package. This paper firstly describes the development of a method that allows in-car device designers to conduct their own usability studies, early enough in the design lifecycle to inform design; secondly looks at the way the method was formalised and thirdly …

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A Human-Computer Framework For Schema-Driven And Precedent-Driven Visual Analogy In Design., Wei Dai, Hernan Casakin Nov 2004

A Human-Computer Framework For Schema-Driven And Precedent-Driven Visual Analogy In Design., Wei Dai, Hernan Casakin

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The use of visual analogy is considered to be a most suitable aid for design problem solving. Reasoning by analogy deals with two main cognitive paradigms. The first one is concerned with schema-driven analogy, which is defined as the use of abstract experiential knowledge that can direct a design solution to a familiar problem type. The second paradigm has to do with precedent-driven analogy, and is distinguished by the use of a concrete prior design problem whose major components and its corresponding relationships could be explicitly mapped onto the problem at hand. In order to support the use of visual …

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A Common Mental Model Of The Design Process., Richard Fry Nov 2004

A Common Mental Model Of The Design Process., Richard Fry

DRS Biennial Conference Series

A successful Design Process should be a tool to assist the designer in consistently delivering creative, appropriate results. What are the characteristics of a process that would do this? This paper/presentation will focus on the characteristics of a successful Design Process and the creation of a mental model that defines and harmonizes the different terms Design Tools, Design Methods, and Design Activities. Additionally, this paper will present ways of using this tool to define curriculum, identify personal strengths, and create and market proprietary design services for design consultancies, design departments.

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The Corner Chair Research Project: A Case Study., Richard Coker Nov 2004

The Corner Chair Research Project: A Case Study., Richard Coker

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper reviews one credible approach to quality industrial design research centred within the teaching and learning environment at the University of South Australia. This student project in furniture design benefited from a partnership with a healthcare provider. It attempt to establish a clear base line with outcomes both pertinent and significant to the body of knowledge currently evolving within the industrial design discipline while also addressing a problem not effectively approached in industry.

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Design And Evaluation Of Seamless And Transparent Middleware., Mikko Laakso, Lauri Repokari Nov 2004

Design And Evaluation Of Seamless And Transparent Middleware., Mikko Laakso, Lauri Repokari

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper discusses various issues related to seamless and transparent middleware design and evaluation. The research described here is part of the NOMAD project which is aimed to develop and demonstrate middleware capable of seamlessly integrate available and future technologies into a single integrated platform. The project is currently in the system pilot and field trial stage. The general objective is to test the adequacy of components of the system architecture. This paper concentrates on user and usability issues; the main contribution is the description of a new way to evaluate, from the end user’s point of view, the desirability …

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New Models For Design Management In The Textile Industry In Response To Direct Digital Textile Print Technology And Manufacture., Bruce Carnie Nov 2004

New Models For Design Management In The Textile Industry In Response To Direct Digital Textile Print Technology And Manufacture., Bruce Carnie

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is based on initial research including a literature review of the management of digital printing processes and technology in the paper and textile industries. For the purposes of this paper I will use the scope of thought evolved from the Design Management Institute in Boston USA. Continuing research will be augmented by quantitative data analysis and comparative analysis of case studies and also research of the philosophical underpinning of these business ventures. This paper is an introduction to the argument for a systematic approach to the impact of direct digital printing processes and technology on textile design using …

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Determination Of Presence Within Virtual Space: Implications For Interface Design., Rebecca Bond Nov 2004

Determination Of Presence Within Virtual Space: Implications For Interface Design., Rebecca Bond

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper proposes that measuring and mapping perceptions of ‘presence’ (or, the experience of ‘place’ in ‘space’) may lead to a greater understanding of virtual or ‘cyber’ space experiences, and contribute to the theory of human computer interaction (HCI) and design theory. As the experimental design is focussed on how users perceive and interact in their virtual world in relation to the effect of place and space, an attempt will be made to decipher perceptions of the relatively new frontier of cyberspace, leading to new methods for representing this form of space.

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Strange Manifestations Of Three-Dimensional Intelligence In The Digital Era., Martin John Richardson, Steven Brown Nov 2004

Strange Manifestations Of Three-Dimensional Intelligence In The Digital Era., Martin John Richardson, Steven Brown

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Digital holography is arguably the most advanced form of visual recording to date. But are holograms "mere" recordings of objective visual reality or creative artefacts capable of expression, interpretation and deception? The same question was asked of photography in the early 19th century. Dismissed originally by artists as a mechanical recording medium, it became in the hands of pioneers such as Bresson and Brandt a subtle artistic tool capable of the most delicate expression and artful deception. Skilfully selective framing of the image, manipulation of objects and lighting in the scene can transform the banal into the dramatic or reduce …

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Development Of Complex Products: Design Guidelines For Product Designers., Mark Goellner, Sarah Wakes, Christopher T Shaw Nov 2004

Development Of Complex Products: Design Guidelines For Product Designers., Mark Goellner, Sarah Wakes, Christopher T Shaw

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper discusses the development of generic and practically aimed design guidelines for product designers working with complex products. Research has been undertaken to investigate the usefulness and usability of these guidelines. A pilot-study with student- and academic-designers in New Zealand reveals that the product design guidelines in form of a checklist are generally of great interest to support complex design projects, but also that the format and usability of the generic design guidelines needs to be improved to become a useful and powerful tool for the designers.

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Collaborative Design Activity: The Inclusion Of Human Affect Processes In Design Theory About Collaboration In Design., Terence Love Nov 2004

Collaborative Design Activity: The Inclusion Of Human Affect Processes In Design Theory About Collaboration In Design., Terence Love

DRS Biennial Conference Series

his paper reports the findings of research aimed at identifying appropriate ways forward in building design theory about collaborative design activities that take into account new research findings from cognitive neuro-science about the roles of affect, emotion and feeling in human interactions and perceptions. Human affective processes are essential to many aspects of collaborative designing. These include: individual design cognition; communication between collaborators and stakeholders; individual understanding, valuing and judging of elements of design problems and solutions; optimisation processes; individual and group closure processes; power-based/ hegemonic manipulations; and negotiations about elements of design problem, design solution and design processes. The …

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Disseminating Design Research: The Contribution Of Visual Communication In Capturing And Translating Design Knowing., Lisa Grocott Nov 2004

Disseminating Design Research: The Contribution Of Visual Communication In Capturing And Translating Design Knowing., Lisa Grocott

DRS Biennial Conference Series

When the engineers embrace market stalls and life scientists design poster case studies, you wonder why the design research community continues to favour the conferred authority of the written word. As medical research is communicated through sophisticated visualisations you ask if there is a complementary language for disseminating design research that could live up to the rich complexity of the creative process. Could alternative dissemination models accommodate and respect the realm of design as one of possibilities (Dilnot 1998)? Can the voice adopted for disseminating the research speak to the visual literacy of design practitioners? These questions introduce the potential …

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Discovering And Extracting Knowledge In The Design Project., Carl Disalvo, Jodi Forlizzi, Francine Gemperle Nov 2004

Discovering And Extracting Knowledge In The Design Project., Carl Disalvo, Jodi Forlizzi, Francine Gemperle

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Over the last twenty years, the rapid adoption of the graphical user interface followed by the emergence of the World Wide Web has created an increasing demand for interaction designers and interaction design research. Knowledge generated by interaction designers is needed not only by other designers, but also by researchers and practitioners from other disciplines. This evolution has generated increasing pressure for more refined models of design research and design research dissemination. To address this problem, we first explore the evolution of design documentation, detailing how it has evolved to meet the changing needs of designers. Then we present an …

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Conditions For Research Funding., Paul Van Der Lem Nov 2004

Conditions For Research Funding., Paul Van Der Lem

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is based on published evidence of such funding of design research activities. It seeks to describe principles that have generated abilities to establish and increase streams of funding from governmental sources and the private sector with a stake in design research. Dipping into such streams of research funding, or creating them, is possible through mixing appropriate tactics and strategies of research approaches and methods. Ideas for such approaches are influenced by levels of realisation of the different needs of agents involved in creating worthwhile research. Prime movers for this process are of course the individuals concerned, but obtaining …

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Cultural Aspects Of Global Industrial Design, 'A Diversification Among Cultures'., Mohamad Zamzuri, Jan Lundberg Nov 2004

Cultural Aspects Of Global Industrial Design, 'A Diversification Among Cultures'., Mohamad Zamzuri, Jan Lundberg

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Global industrial design principles have recently gained momentum as one viable method of producing useful, usable and desirable products. However, cultural diversification existing between countries seems to be a tall hurdle facing designers. In short, this cultural difference might prevent the object in question from being widely accepted across the world, although it may have been categorized as being “universal” for the purpose of increasing the profit margin of the company. Therefore, the problems associated with this area of design should be addressed and elucidated in research, to avoid cultural disagreement in the future in product design. The aim of …

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The Azure Sky, The Design Made., Peter Downton Nov 2004

The Azure Sky, The Design Made., Peter Downton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Research is undertaken to produce knowledge. Typically, research is divided into two classes – applied research intended to result in a useful and probably commercial outcome, and basic research which normally endeavour s to extend the horizons of the known in the quest for knowledge that may one day have a purpose. Sometimes basic research is curiosity-driven; it is exploration of new or poorly-known territories, a path that design may also take. On many accounts, design is excluded from the domain of research – although it is inherently present to the extent that experiments are designed. The real presence of …

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Designing Design Research Within A Collaborative Research Centre: A Flexible Approach To Working With Scientists, Government, Industry And Academia., Lyndon Anderson, Lucy Allnutt, Christine Thony Nov 2004

Designing Design Research Within A Collaborative Research Centre: A Flexible Approach To Working With Scientists, Government, Industry And Academia., Lyndon Anderson, Lucy Allnutt, Christine Thony

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Whilst certain CRCs use industrial designers on a fee for service basis, few have been involved as key activity drivers from the beginning and for the duration of a CRC. The National institute of Design, Swinburne University of Technology has been involved since the beginning of the CRC for Wood Innovations. Appropriate design strategies suitable for PhD candidates and research in a variety of complex environments have been developed, implemented and continue to evolve.

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The Ties That Bind: Modelling The Components Of Contracted Industrial Design Work Collaboration In Finnish Engineering Industry., Annaleena Hakatie Nov 2004

The Ties That Bind: Modelling The Components Of Contracted Industrial Design Work Collaboration In Finnish Engineering Industry., Annaleena Hakatie

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Pro-active design research project (PROOMU) is an ongoing collaborative research project between the University of Art and Design and the University of Helsinki. The research focuses on studying how industrial design enters into the processes of large technological corporations. This paper is based on documentary analyses and ethnographic studies conducted in four Finnish engineering companies also utilising interviews with both external and internal industrial designers and relevant employees at different levels of organisations within the companies involved. The data includes field notes as well as audio and video recordings of planning and working meetings between Industrial Design (ID) consultant and …

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Transforming Strategic Brand Identity To Product Design References., Toni-Matti Karjalainen Nov 2004

Transforming Strategic Brand Identity To Product Design References., Toni-Matti Karjalainen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper presents a brief summary and main findings of the Author’s doctoral research. The dissertation is handed out to preliminary inspection in June 2004 and tentatively published by the end 2004. The research, titled as “Semantic transformation in design”, combines views of branding-related research and product semantics. Starting point for the study is a setting where a company, represented through its brand, aims to communicate predefined strategic identity to the target customer through product design. Semantic transformation refers to a framework where strategic orientations and goals that the company has defined for its brand get actualised (thus transformed) into …

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Product Loyalty Study On College Students Consumer Groups., Ding-Bang Luh Nov 2004

Product Loyalty Study On College Students Consumer Groups., Ding-Bang Luh

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Evidences show that existing customers tend to spend more money than new customers do. In highly competitive business environments, maintaining existing markets becomes more critical than developing new ones. Managing customer loyalty through product design, i.e., product loyalty issues, is a key to company prosperity and an important concern in design research. From product design and customers’ perspectives, this paper suggests an approach for exploring potential design strategies that can help to do so. Through various research methods, 25 basic loyalty strategies are defined and 19 of which are identified valid to college students groups characterized as rationalists. Major findings …

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Trial-And-Error-Based Innovation: Rapid Materialisation As Catalyser Of Perception And Communication In Design., Jan Capjon Nov 2004

Trial-And-Error-Based Innovation: Rapid Materialisation As Catalyser Of Perception And Communication In Design., Jan Capjon

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design theory of the 1970s tried to map generalised approaches to design action (Cross et al. 1984), an endeavour which seems to have more or less evaporated in postmodern contextualisation. Can some common ground for making still be sketched – or will a future ground of designing only imply diversification? In my doctoral thesis (Capjon 2004) I have tried to map an effective landscape of design action which is shared by all collaborating actors regardless of background and have called its metaphorical depiction the Plant of Emerging Materiality– or PoEM. Its development is based on the capabilities of Rapid Prototyping …

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Design For Sustainable Consumption., Miles Park Nov 2004

Design For Sustainable Consumption., Miles Park

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper examines current eco-design approaches that focus upon eco-efficiency strategies. It attempts to demonstrate how such strategies are failing to address the emergent issues of unsustainable consumption and are the cause of environmental ‘rebound effects’. This paper considers the importance of behavioural factors as a key to stemming unsustainable consumption. The transition from designing eco-efficient to eco-effective products and systems is considered. Design practice and methodologies are explored as a means to engage with these important issues. How do we engage designers and clients to go deeper and consider the cumulative context of product design and social/environmental issues? The …

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The Comparison Between Novice And Expert Designers' Sketching In Conceptual Design., Hui-Hsia Chen, Manlai You Nov 2004

The Comparison Between Novice And Expert Designers' Sketching In Conceptual Design., Hui-Hsia Chen, Manlai You

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In many literature reviews, we find that sketching is confirmed as an activity of generating and developing ideas. The sketching activity is also a key factor of influencing idea generation. However, the focus of conceptual design is to develop the promising new concepts. We are primarily interested in finding a creation process and thinking by analysis of sketching activity in conceptual design. The aim is to support the validation of the importance of the sketch in conceptual design and to further explore an appropriate method for improving the efficiency of ideation activities. In addition, it is important to find the …

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Practical Uses Of Nanotechnology To Accelerate Design Innovation., Lyndon Anderson, Cameron Jones Nov 2004

Practical Uses Of Nanotechnology To Accelerate Design Innovation., Lyndon Anderson, Cameron Jones

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Nanotechnology promises a natural method to accelerate the complex task of innovation for many design problems by exploiting self-assembly and quantum processing at extreme scales of miniaturization. With this objective, a range of hybrid computer devices that use biological cells or chemical thin-films have been built to take advantage of nanoscale information processing. These devices are termed molecular computers and function by manipulating input sets of digital schematics or images stored to Compact Disc optical media. Light transmission through cells or chemical thin-films is a highly nonlinear phenomenon, and causes digital information to replicate with itself. This means that well-defined …

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Construction Of Basic Shape With Character Lines For Car Body Design By Image Language (Kansei Language)., Hideki Aoyama, Shigeto Miyauchi, Yoshihisa Sakai Nov 2004

Construction Of Basic Shape With Character Lines For Car Body Design By Image Language (Kansei Language)., Hideki Aoyama, Shigeto Miyauchi, Yoshihisa Sakai

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Over the recent years, consumer demands are growing increasingly stronger not only for sophisticated functions but also sophisticated designs in industrial products. For this reason, free-form surfaces are increasingly used in the drawing of the shapes of industrial products to improve product design, making the designer's role increasingly important. Though conventional CAD systems boast high performance as shape representation and description tools after deciding the shape, they lack the capability of expressing the designer's aesthetic taste and sense. The development of a CAD system with sophisticated form design functions is therefore required. The purpose of this research is to develop …

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Disciplining Creativity: Neoliberalism And Design Education In New Zealand., Amanda Bill Nov 2004

Disciplining Creativity: Neoliberalism And Design Education In New Zealand., Amanda Bill

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Two decades of educational reform in New Zealand have resulted in one of the most market-oriented regimes of higher education in the OECD. In this environment, enrolments in design and other creative degree courses that seem to provide an opportunity for individual expression and self-development have greatly increased. However, representatives of traditional industry sectors complain that there are hardly any jobs for these graduates, and little in the way of career paths. The situation thus seems to confound human capital approaches to education policy, in which tactics such as high fees and student loans are meant to exert a conservative …

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Vessels Of Expression And Flows Of Innovation: Some Reflections On The Relationship Between Toilet Design And Building Design., Andrew Martel, Paolo Tombesi Nov 2004

Vessels Of Expression And Flows Of Innovation: Some Reflections On The Relationship Between Toilet Design And Building Design., Andrew Martel, Paolo Tombesi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The unpredictable nature of manufacturing products from vitreous china results in the sanity ware industry employing a prototype-based, trial-and-error process for the development of its product lines. These technological circumstances present opportunities to use project specific or one-off designs to develop innovations that may then flow back into the industry at large. Such developments may take one of two forms: (1) stylistic, aesthetic based innovation aimed at integrating the sanity ware into the style of the building project, and (2) architecture-autonomous technological innovation, not dependent on specific projects for stimulus and more on the manufacturers’ ongoing in-house developments and industry …

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Commercialization Of New Materials In Consumer Goods., Ilse Van Kesteren, P V Kandachar Nov 2004

Commercialization Of New Materials In Consumer Goods., Ilse Van Kesteren, P V Kandachar

DRS Biennial Conference Series

New materials try to find their way into consumer goods, but not all do so with the same speed and success as revealed by this study on the development and application history of plastics. Three major actors can influence this commercialization process of new materials: material technologists, industrial design engineers and consumers. They can actively influence this process in some cases, but not in all cases. The factors affecting the commercialization process of plastics in the past have been analyzed to formulate recommendations for future generations of materials. Cooperation between material technologists and designers is considered as an important factor …

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The Influence Of Communication Environment To The Brainstorming Practice., Yi-Han Hu, Chi-Hsien Hsu, Chun-Di Chen Nov 2004

The Influence Of Communication Environment To The Brainstorming Practice., Yi-Han Hu, Chi-Hsien Hsu, Chun-Di Chen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Team work is not new for an organization to enhance the quality and quantity of the answer against the problem [1]. Increasingly, the completion of design work needs group’s effort, leading the request of communication tools to reduce the cost and time for traveling to place the face-to-face discussion. Many studies have devoted to the field using computer-mediated communication tools to support cooperative design work. On the other hand, the utilization of brainstorming in producing many ideas has been recognized. The pervasive usage of telecommunication tools and brainstorming in design work prompts an interest about how brainstorming is conducted over …

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User Preferences For Personalities Of Entertainment Robots According To The Users' Psychological Types., Sona Kwak, Myung-Suk Kim Nov 2004

User Preferences For Personalities Of Entertainment Robots According To The Users' Psychological Types., Sona Kwak, Myung-Suk Kim

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a design process for constructing personality of an entertainment robot based on psychological types, and investigate user preferences for robot personalities according to the users’ psychological types. In this study, four temperaments derived from 16 personality types in a psychological type indicator, MBTI (Myers Briggs Type Indicator), were applied to design the personality of an entertainment robot. The case study and experiment yielded several results. First, the major experimenters match reactions with robot temperaments. From this result, we could see that robot temperaments are useful guidelines to design the entertainment robot’s personality. …

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An Exploratory Study Of Managing A Design Project., Chung-Hung Lin, Yu Lin Hsu Nov 2004

An Exploratory Study Of Managing A Design Project., Chung-Hung Lin, Yu Lin Hsu

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Managing a design project arguably needs a simplest organizational structure. There are established methods and procedures on which to base a suitable structure for managing design projects. Project management tends to deal not only with a process or system in carrying out a particular task (e.g. a military project) but also entails the crossing of functional and organizational boundaries to achieve higher levels of performance and productivity. In this research, the concern of project management is to use management skills in coordinating design activities with other tasks in the organization, ensuring the provision of comprehensive design activities being given a …

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