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Articles 6271 - 6300 of 10405
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Southern Accent September 2004 - April 2005, Southern Adventist University
Southern Accent September 2004 - April 2005, Southern Adventist University
Southern Accent - Student Newspaper
Southern Adventist University's newspaper, Southern Accent, for the academic year of 2004-2005.
The Nova Southeastern Lawyer, Winter-Spring 2004, Volume 12, Number 4, Nova Southeastern University - Shepard Broad Law Center
The Nova Southeastern Lawyer, Winter-Spring 2004, Volume 12, Number 4, Nova Southeastern University - Shepard Broad Law Center
Nova Lawyer
No abstract provided.
A Spatial Analysis Approach To Understanding Caddoan Mounds In The Arkansas River Drainage, Gregory Vogel
A Spatial Analysis Approach To Understanding Caddoan Mounds In The Arkansas River Drainage, Gregory Vogel
Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State
In this article I present a theoretical framework for understanding Caddoan mounds in the central Arkansas River drainage and the implications they may hold for the social structure and environmental adaptations of the people who made them. The power and efficiency of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) modeling now allows for large-scale, computationally intensive spatial analysis simply not possible before. Questions of landscape organization or spatial relationships that previously would have taken months or even years to answer can now be solved in a matter of minutes with GIS and related technologies, given the appropriate datasets. Quite importantly, though, such analyses …
Physiological And Growth Responses Of Midrotation Loblolly Pine To Treatments Of Fire, Herbicide, And Fertilizer, Emily J. Goodwin, Lisa M. Marino, Hans H. Williams, Brian P. Oswald, Kenneth W. Farrish
Physiological And Growth Responses Of Midrotation Loblolly Pine To Treatments Of Fire, Herbicide, And Fertilizer, Emily J. Goodwin, Lisa M. Marino, Hans H. Williams, Brian P. Oswald, Kenneth W. Farrish
Faculty Publications
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of fertilizer and understory vegetation control (herbicide and prescribed fire) on mature tree physiology and to link observed physiological responses with tree growth. Photosynthetic rate (photosynthesis), transpiration, stomatal conductance, stem diameter, and crown area were measured in two midrotation loblolly pine plantations in East Texas. Rates of photosynthesis, E and gs for the midsummer measurements were significantly reduced by fertilizer treatments on both sites. Drought in east Texas during the last 3 years may have influenced this result. Trees receiving fire at the site with a comparatively more dense live …
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Recovery: An Integrated Strategy, D. Craig Rudolph, Richard N. Conner, Jeffrey R. Walters
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Recovery: An Integrated Strategy, D. Craig Rudolph, Richard N. Conner, Jeffrey R. Walters
Faculty Publications
Populations of the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) have experienced massive declines since European colonization of North America. This is due to extensive habitat loss and alteration. Logging of old-growth pine forests and alteration of the fire regime throughout the historic range of the species were the primary causes of population decline. Listing of the red-cockaded woodpecker under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, and increased emphasis on management of non-game species have resulted in efforts to recover remnant populations of the red-cockaded woodpecker in many parts of its historic range. Due to extensive research and adaptive management initiatives …
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Status And Management: West Gulf Coastal Plain And Interior Highlands, D. Craig Rudolph, Richard N. Conner, Richard R. Schaefer, Daniel Saenz, Dawn K. Carrie, N. Ross Carrie, Ricky W. Maxey, Warren G. Montague, Joe Neal, Kenneth Moore, John Skeen, Jeffrey A. Reid
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Status And Management: West Gulf Coastal Plain And Interior Highlands, D. Craig Rudolph, Richard N. Conner, Richard R. Schaefer, Daniel Saenz, Dawn K. Carrie, N. Ross Carrie, Ricky W. Maxey, Warren G. Montague, Joe Neal, Kenneth Moore, John Skeen, Jeffrey A. Reid
Faculty Publications
Red-cockaded woodpecker populations declined precipitously following European settlement and expansion and cutting of the original pine forests across the southeastern United States. By 1990 most residual populations lacked demographic viability, existed in degraded habitat, and were isolated from other populations. The primary causes of this situation were harvest of the original pine forests of the southeastern United States, conversion of forested lands to other uses, short-rotation silvicultural practices, and alteration of the fire regime in the regenerated forests. As social and legal mandates changed, management of red-cockaded woodpeckers became a higher priority. Intensive management for red-cockaded woodpeckers is currently practiced …
Correlated Evolution Of Dichogamy And Self‐Incompatibility: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Matthew B. Routley, Robert I. Bertin, Brian C. Husband
Correlated Evolution Of Dichogamy And Self‐Incompatibility: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Matthew B. Routley, Robert I. Bertin, Brian C. Husband
Biology Department Faculty Scholarship
Historically, dichogamy, the temporal separation of male and female function in flowering plants, has been interpreted as a mechanism for avoiding inbreeding. However, a comparative survey found that many dichogamous species are self-incompatible (SI), indicating dichogamy evolved for other reasons. Here we reexamined the association between dichogamy and SI in a phylogenetic framework and tested the hypothesis that dichogamy evolved to reduce interference between male and female function. Using paired comparison and maximum likelihood correlation analyses, we found that protandry (male function first) is positively correlated with the presence of SI and protogyny (female function first) with self-compatibility (SC). In …
Archeological Excavation And Reburial Of Historic Graves In The Oscar Abstein Cemetery (41hr976), Harris County, Texas, Cory Julian Broehm, Douglas K. Boyd, Martha Doty Freeman
Archeological Excavation And Reburial Of Historic Graves In The Oscar Abstein Cemetery (41hr976), Harris County, Texas, Cory Julian Broehm, Douglas K. Boyd, Martha Doty Freeman
Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State
This report documents the exhumation and reburial of three historic graves within the right of way of Interstate Highway 10 (IH-10) near the intersection of Eldridge Drive. Called the Eldridge or Oscar Abstein Cemetery, historic research indicated that three to four graves probably existed near station marker 581+75 within the area of improvements that the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) proposed to IH-10. TxDOT’s Archeological Studies Program, Environmental Affairs Division, prepared a planning document entitled: “Exhumation and Reinterment Plan, IH-10, CSJ: 0271-07-247, Eldridge Cemetery” and contracted with Prewitt and Associates, Inc., of Austin, Texas, to conduct the necessary investigations. Work …
Maintaining The Legal Fiction: Application Of The Presumption Of Paternity And Paternity By Estoppel In Pennsylvania, Jacqulyn A. West
Maintaining The Legal Fiction: Application Of The Presumption Of Paternity And Paternity By Estoppel In Pennsylvania, Jacqulyn A. West
Duquesne Law Review
No abstract provided.
Identification Of Trace Element-Containing Proteins In Genomic Databases, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Gregory V. Kryukov, Dmitri E. Fomenko, Dolph L. Hatfield
Identification Of Trace Element-Containing Proteins In Genomic Databases, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Gregory V. Kryukov, Dmitri E. Fomenko, Dolph L. Hatfield
Vadim Gladyshev Publications
Development of bioinformatics tools provided researchers with the ability to identify full sets of trace element–containing proteins in organisms for which complete genomic sequences are available. Recently, independent bioinformatics methods were used to identify all, or almost all, genes encoding selenocysteine-containing proteins in human, mouse, and Drosophila genomes, characterizing entire selenoproteomes in these organisms. It also should be possible to search for entire sets of other trace element–associated proteins, such as metal-containing proteins, although methods for their identification are still in development.
Serine-Threonine Kinases And Transcription Factors Active In Signal Transduction Are Detected At High Levels Of Phosphorylation During Mitosis In Preimplantation Embryos And Trophoblast Stem Cells, Jian Liu, Elizabeth E. Puscheck, Fangfei Wang, Anna Trostinskaia, Dusan Barisic, Gordon Maniere, Dana Wygle, W Zhong, Edmond Hhm Rings, Daniel A. Rappolee
Serine-Threonine Kinases And Transcription Factors Active In Signal Transduction Are Detected At High Levels Of Phosphorylation During Mitosis In Preimplantation Embryos And Trophoblast Stem Cells, Jian Liu, Elizabeth E. Puscheck, Fangfei Wang, Anna Trostinskaia, Dusan Barisic, Gordon Maniere, Dana Wygle, W Zhong, Edmond Hhm Rings, Daniel A. Rappolee
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Publications
Serine-threonine kinases and transcription factors play important roles in the G1-S phase progression of the cell cycle. Assays that use quantitative fluorescence by immunocytochemical means, or that measure band strength during Western blot analysis, may have confused interpretations if the intention is to measure G1-S phase commitment of a small subpopulation of phosphorylated proteins, when a larger conversion of the same population of proteins can occur during late G2 and M phases. In mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSC), a human placental cell line (HTR), and/or mouse preimplantation embryos, 8/19 ser- ine-threonine and tyrosine kinases, 3/8 transcription factors, and 8/14 phospho …
Contagious Vs. Environmental Mastitis, Alvaro Garcia
Contagious Vs. Environmental Mastitis, Alvaro Garcia
SDSU Extension Extra Archives
Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder caused by microorganisms that enter the gland through the teat canal. Once inside the gland, these organisms find ideal conditions in which to multiply and, in turn, to damage the lining of the milk ducts, cistern, and alveoli. As a result, the cow’s immune response is triggered, and white blood cells travel to the udder to fight the infection. This results in increased somatic cell counts. The organisms responsible for this infection can be broadly classified into two groups: contagious and environmental.
South Dakota Flax Variety Evaluations 2003, Kathleen Grady, Lee Gilbertson
South Dakota Flax Variety Evaluations 2003, Kathleen Grady, Lee Gilbertson
SDSU Extension Extra Archives
The success of flax production is affected by choice of variety. Carefully examine variety characteristics such as seed yield, oil content, and maturity. In some cases oil content or maturity may offset a yield advantage.
Oak Lake Field Station As A Model For Ethanobotanical Research In The Prairie Pothole Region Of South Dakota, Gretchen Mcclintock-Ames, R. Neil Reese
Oak Lake Field Station As A Model For Ethanobotanical Research In The Prairie Pothole Region Of South Dakota, Gretchen Mcclintock-Ames, R. Neil Reese
Oak Lake Field Station Research Publications
Prairie pothole lakes are invaluable refuges for plants that were important to the survival of the region’s indigenous peoples. Oak Lake provides a unique meeting of biomes; wooded slopes, open prairie expanses, and lush littoral marshy zones. Ethnobotanical accounts were examined to see how plants were traditionally utilized by Native Americans and pioneers. Plants were identified using scientific names and the names given to the plants by the two groups of indigenous peoples most recently associated with this region, the Dakota and Omaha-Ponca. This was done because the indigenous languages describe characteristics of the plants much the same way Latin …
Nonlinear Double-Diffusive Intrusions At The Equator, Neil R. Edwards, Kelvin J. Richards
Nonlinear Double-Diffusive Intrusions At The Equator, Neil R. Edwards, Kelvin J. Richards
Journal of Marine Research
Previous, linear analysis has suggested that observations of interleaving, quasi-horizontal layers in the equatorial oceans may be explained by double-diffusive or inertial instability. Here we describe an idealized, two-dimensional, numerical investigation of the nonlinear development of these instabilities, focusing almost exclusively on the double-diffusive case. We consider the mechanisms for equilibration and maintenance of the interleaving intrusions and perform a thorough sensitivity analysis. Nonlinearity arising from changes in diffusive regime is found to be more important than advective nonlinearity in promoting global equilibration. When variations in effective flux ratio are weak, local constraints prevent equilibration until large amplitudes are reached. …
Respiration And Vertical Carbon Flux In The Gulf Of Maine Water Column, T. T. Packard, J. P. Christensen
Respiration And Vertical Carbon Flux In The Gulf Of Maine Water Column, T. T. Packard, J. P. Christensen
Journal of Marine Research
The transport of carbon from ocean surface waters to the deep sea is a critical factor in calculations of planetary carbon cycling and climate change. This vertical carbon flux can be calculated by integrating the vertical profile of the seawater respiration rate but is rarely done because measuring seawater respiration is so difficult. However, seawater respiratory oxygen consumption is the product of the combined activity of all the respiratory electron transfer systems in a seawater community of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. This respiratory electron transfer system (ETS) is the membrane bound enzymatic system that controls oxygen consumption and ATP production …
Rapid Physical And Biological Particle Mixing On An Intertidal Sandflat, Anthony F. D'Andrea, Glenn R. Lopez, Robert C. Aller
Rapid Physical And Biological Particle Mixing On An Intertidal Sandflat, Anthony F. D'Andrea, Glenn R. Lopez, Robert C. Aller
Journal of Marine Research
Sediment mixing processes were investigated using inert tracer experiments, benthic macrofaunal community analysis, and surveys of ray feeding pits to quantify the relative rates and controls of physical and biological reworking on Debidue Flat, an intertidal sandflat in South Carolina. Sediment reworking on Debidue Flat was rapid, with both advective and biodiffusive mixing operating over different vertical spatial scales. Physical reworking by tidal currents dominated initial transport of the tracer in the top 5-10 cm on timescales of ~30 days. Although the exact mechanism of tracer transport is unclear, it is most likely due to active fluidization of surface sediments …
Influence Of Short-Term Variations In Food On Survival Of Crassostrea Gigas Larvae: A Modeling Study, Eric N. Powell, Eleanor A. Bochenek, John M. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann
Influence Of Short-Term Variations In Food On Survival Of Crassostrea Gigas Larvae: A Modeling Study, Eric N. Powell, Eleanor A. Bochenek, John M. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann
Journal of Marine Research
A biochemically-based model was developed to simulate the growth, development, and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The model defines larvae in terms of their protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and ash content and includes variation in growth efficiency and egg quality to better simulate cohort population dynamics. Changes in tissue composition occur as the larva grows and in response to the biochemical composition of the food. The premise behind this modeling study was that certain periods of larval life are more critical than others with respect to the availability of food and that food quality is as …
Adhesive-Based Selection By A Tentacle-Feeding Polychaete For Particle Size, Shape And Bacterial Coating In Silt And Sand, Ruben A. Guieb, Peter A. Jumars, Robert F. L. Self
Adhesive-Based Selection By A Tentacle-Feeding Polychaete For Particle Size, Shape And Bacterial Coating In Silt And Sand, Ruben A. Guieb, Peter A. Jumars, Robert F. L. Self
Journal of Marine Research
We tested particle selection by a surface deposit-feeding, tentaculate spionid polychaete, Pseudopolydora kempi japonica Imajima and Hartman. In experiments with peroxide-cleaned, sizegraded but otherwise natural silts and sands, individual worms showed peak preference for particles 80-99 μm in diameter, compared with previous (Self and Jumars, 1988) documentation of peak preference for particles of 7 μm in experiments conducted with plastic and glass beads. These results imply that microtektites will not in general be good tracers of mixing of mineral grains of comparable size. Animals exhibited statistically significant but not marked differences in size selectivity for subrounded versus subangular grain shapes; …
Representativeness Of Meridional Hydrographic Sections In The Western South Atlantic, A. M. Thurnherr, K. G. Speer
Representativeness Of Meridional Hydrographic Sections In The Western South Atlantic, A. M. Thurnherr, K. G. Speer
Journal of Marine Research
Many studies of the oceanic circulation are based on data collected during quasi-synoptic hydrographic surveys. After spatial averaging, to filter out the effects of mesoscale variability, it is often explicitly or implicitly assumed that the synoptic hydrographic gradients are representative of a quasi-steady "mean" state. Climatological tracer fields and float data at the depth of the North Atlantic Deep Water in the western South Atlantic (Brazil Basin) support the notion of a quasi-steady mean circulation characterized by alternating bands of primarily zonal flow with meridional scales of several hundreds of km. Visually, the mean circulation appears to dominate three samples …
Winter Conditions In The Irminger Sea Observed With Profiling Floats, L. R. Centurioni, W. J. Gould
Winter Conditions In The Irminger Sea Observed With Profiling Floats, L. R. Centurioni, W. J. Gould
Journal of Marine Research
Temperature/salinity profiles collected between 1994 and 2003 with profiling floats in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre are analyzed to investigate the hydrographic conditions in winter in the Irminger Sea. The salinity data can be calibrated against accurate profiles from ships obtained mostly during summer months and the resulting float profile salinity accuracy is of the order of 0.015. Between 1997 and 2003, when the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index was generally low, the potential temperature and salinity of the Labrador Sea Water (LSW) core observed by the floats showed a positive trend, an indication of little or no deep convection. …
Monitoring The Meridional Overturning Circulation In The North Atlantic: A Model-Based Array Design Study, Johanna Baehr, Jöel Hirschi, Jens-Olaf Beismann, Jochem Marotzke
Monitoring The Meridional Overturning Circulation In The North Atlantic: A Model-Based Array Design Study, Johanna Baehr, Jöel Hirschi, Jens-Olaf Beismann, Jochem Marotzke
Journal of Marine Research
A monitoring system for the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is deployed into an "eddy-permitting" numerical model (FLAME) at three different latitudes in the North Atlantic Ocean. The MOC is estimated by adding contributions related to Ekman transports to those associated with the zonally integrated vertical velocity shear. Ekman transports are inferred from surface wind stress, whereas the velocity shear is derived from continuous density "observations," principally near the eastern and western boundaries, employing thermal wind balance. The objective is to test the method and array setups for possible real observation in the ocean at the chosen latitudes and to guide …
The Effect Of Topography On The Steady-State Wind And Buoyancy-Driven Subtropical Gyre, L. A. Walkington, A. J. Willmott
The Effect Of Topography On The Steady-State Wind And Buoyancy-Driven Subtropical Gyre, L. A. Walkington, A. J. Willmott
Journal of Marine Research
This paper studies the impact of topography and increased vertical resolution on steady-state wind and buoyancy-driven circulation in the Subtropical Gyre. Buoyancy driving is represented by mass exchange across the interface separating layers of constant density. The mass exchange in turn is parameterized in terms of the departure of a layer thickness from a reference value. A 2-layer ocean model is developed that incorporates topography that depends on the meridional co-ordinate, and the problem reduces to solving a first order partial differential equation governing the upper layer inverse planetary potential vorticity. Two distinct families of characteristic curves are required to …
Observations And Modeling Of Seasonal Variability In The Straits Of Georgia And Juan De Fuca, Diane Masson, Patrick F. Cummins
Observations And Modeling Of Seasonal Variability In The Straits Of Georgia And Juan De Fuca, Diane Masson, Patrick F. Cummins
Journal of Marine Research
The Strait of Georgia is a large semi-enclosed basin on the southern coast of British Columbia. Its main connection to the Pacific is to the south, through Juan de Fuca Strait. Abundant freshwater discharge, mainly from the Fraser River, forces an estuarine exchange with oceanic shelf water. The resulting circulation is modulated by tides and winds. Both the coastal wind stress and the flux of freshwater are subject to strong seasonal modulations, producing a marked seasonal cycle in the water properties and circulation of the region. The seasonal variability of the Strait of Georgia and Juan de Fuca Strait is …
Potential Vorticity Dynamics In A Domain With Closed Geostrophic Contours. I: Steady Linear Flows, Andrew E. Kiss
Potential Vorticity Dynamics In A Domain With Closed Geostrophic Contours. I: Steady Linear Flows, Andrew E. Kiss
Journal of Marine Research
Inertia-less wind-driven barotropic flow with lateral and Ekman friction is investigated in circular basins with various bathymetries. The focus is on the vorticity dynamics of flow in basins encircled by continental shelves, a bathymetry which allows a recirculating flow at lowest order because the geostrophic contours are distorted into closed loops which do not intersect the boundary. In general the wind forcing and friction will not balance everywhere, and the potential vorticity lost to the wind must be recovered elsewhere on each streamline. This recovery takes place in a "western" boundary current if geostrophic contours intersect the boundary, but the …
Physical Forcing Of Phytoplankton Community Structure And Primary Production In Continental Shelf Waters Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, B. B. Prézelin, E. E. Hofmann, M. Moline, J. M. Klinck
Physical Forcing Of Phytoplankton Community Structure And Primary Production In Continental Shelf Waters Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, B. B. Prézelin, E. E. Hofmann, M. Moline, J. M. Klinck
Journal of Marine Research
Analyses of a multidisciplinary data set, collected in continental shelf waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during austral summer of January 1993, identified a previously unrecognized forcing mechanism that sets up a physical and chemical structure that supports and assures site-specific diatom-dominated communities and enhanced biological production (Prézelin et al., 2000). This forcing is active when the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) flows along the shelf edge, thereby facilitating onshelf bottom intrusions of nutrient-rich Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), which then is upwelled or mixed into the upper water column. At times or locations where UCDW …
Variability Of The Biological Front South Of Africa From Seawifs And A Coupled Physical-Biological Model, J. Llido, E. Machu, J. Sudre, I. Dadou, V. Garçon
Variability Of The Biological Front South Of Africa From Seawifs And A Coupled Physical-Biological Model, J. Llido, E. Machu, J. Sudre, I. Dadou, V. Garçon
Journal of Marine Research
The spatio-temporal variability of the biological front in the Agulhas Current system is investigated by comparing SeaWiFS chlorophyll a data and modeled chlorophyll fields over the October 1997–October 2001 period. The latter fields are simulated using a regional eddy-permitting (1/3° × 1/3°) coupled physical (AGAPE)-biological model forced by the monthly atmospheric NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The annual cycle of the observed chlorophyll within the Agulhas Current system biogeochemical provinces is quite well reproduced by the model. The modeled phase of the seasonality in the SWSIG (South Western Subtropical Indian Gyre) is opposite to that of the SCZ (Subtropical Convergence Zone encompassing the …
Oxygen Variability In The Near-Surface Waters Of The Northern North Atlantic: Observations And A Model, Peter Lazarevich, Tom Rossby, Craig Mcneil
Oxygen Variability In The Near-Surface Waters Of The Northern North Atlantic: Observations And A Model, Peter Lazarevich, Tom Rossby, Craig Mcneil
Journal of Marine Research
As part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment a major study was undertaken to determine the absolute circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic using a large number of acoustically tracked isopycnal floats deployed on the 27.5 σ surface. Fifty floats were equipped with sensors to study dissolved oxygen from a Lagrangian perspective. In this paper we comment on very large variations in oxygen along trajectories of fluid parcels that outcrop in winter and resubduct the following spring. We employ a one-dimensional model to interpret these in terms of biophysical processes at and near the surface. In an attempt to …
Linear Instabilities Of A Two-Layer Geostrophic Surface Front Near A Wall, Angelique C. Haza, Nathan Paldor, Arthur J. Mariano
Linear Instabilities Of A Two-Layer Geostrophic Surface Front Near A Wall, Angelique C. Haza, Nathan Paldor, Arthur J. Mariano
Journal of Marine Research
The development of linear instabilities on a geostrophic surface front in a two-layer primitive equation model on an ƒ-plane is studied analytically and numerically using a highly accurate differential shooting method. The basic state is composed of an upper layer in which the mean flow has a constant potential vorticity, and a quiescent lower layer that outcrops between a vertical wall and the surface front (defined as the line of intersection between the interface that separates the two layers and the ocean's surface). The characteristics of the linear instabilities found in the present work confirm earlier results regarding the …
Observations Of Wind Influence On Exchange Flows In A Strait Of The Chilean Inland Sea, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, José Luis Blanco
Observations Of Wind Influence On Exchange Flows In A Strait Of The Chilean Inland Sea, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, José Luis Blanco
Journal of Marine Research
A > 100-day time series of velocity profiles, sea level and wind velocity at a strait in the Chilean Inland Sea was analyzed to examine the effects of wind forcing on the mean two-layer exchange. Measurements took place in the Meninea Constriction of the Moraleda Channel during a period dominated by northerly winds. The mean flow in the strait, and in general in the Moraleda Channel, showed net surface northward outflow and net bottom southward inflow that likely resulted from the dynamical balance between pressure gradient and friction. The influence of tidal mixing on mean exchange flows was further suggested by …