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2004

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Determining Capable Guardians In Rape Incidents, Alicia A Boots Jan 2004

Determining Capable Guardians In Rape Incidents, Alicia A Boots

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Crime prevention is crucial to safeguard individual freedom and maintain social order. This is especially true in rape incidents as consequences may have long-lasting physical and mental effects on individual victims and great social costs. This study employs the routine activities theory to examine whether and how capable guardians (e.g., the presence of bystanders, the use of physical resistance, forceful verbal resistance or non-forceful verbal resistance) are likely to affect rape outcomes; A sample of 638 females who were the victim of a single offender male perpetrated rape incident was drawn from the National Crime Victimization Survey, ranging from 1992 …

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Pathological Gambling And Substance Abuse In The Las Vegas Arrestee Population, Jeffrey Michael Groebner Jan 2004

Pathological Gambling And Substance Abuse In The Las Vegas Arrestee Population, Jeffrey Michael Groebner

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

There has been extensive literature on the nature of pathological gambling and substance abuse on criminal offending; however, most of what is known about these disorders stem from clinical populations and the general population. Both of these populations differ from arrestee populations; therefore, our understanding about the disorders remains limited. This is a study among the arrestee population utilizing data collected in Las Vegas detention centers during a federally funded research project that monitors the extent and nature of drug abuse. In addition to the program, a Gambling Addendum was administered to all willing participants; Findings support a greater prevalence …

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Abuse Histories Among Female Inmates, Magann Jordan Jan 2004

Abuse Histories Among Female Inmates, Magann Jordan

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

The current study explores the extent and the consequences of one's prior history of physical and sexual abuse on criminal behavior of female offenders. Using a sample of incarcerated women, it will first investigate the prevalence of prior abuse (sexual and physical) among female offenders. Survey responses will then be analyzed to assess psychological problems and possible criminal patterns that are related to abuse history. Specifically, the study examines whether prior abuses are risk factors for committing particular types of criminal offenses. The results of this study are then discussed in terms of their implication for criminological theory and public …

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Specialization In The Criminal Careers Of Sex Offenders, Jodi K Olson Jan 2004

Specialization In The Criminal Careers Of Sex Offenders, Jodi K Olson

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Recent public policy has been implemented with the assumption that sex offenders are highly motivated and tend to exhibit specialization and compulsivity in their offending patterns. Past research has not been able to confirm or invalidate this assumption, and has reflected many inconsistencies when drawing conclusions about sex offender profiles and career trajectories; Drawing upon a national sample of offenders, the current study examines the degree of specialization in the criminal careers of sex offenders and other groups of offenders. Results from the adjacent specialization analyses of the general offense categories indicated that sex offenders are among the least specialized …

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Metricizing' Non-Metric Craniofacial Traits: Application Of Three Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis To Ancestral Identification, Summer Joy Decker Jan 2004

Metricizing' Non-Metric Craniofacial Traits: Application Of Three Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis To Ancestral Identification, Summer Joy Decker

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Non-metric traits are commonly used by anthropologists to distinguish between groups for such things as age, sex, and even ancestry. However, many non-metric traits cannot be measured with traditional osteological tools. While these traditional methods are useful, they do not take individual variation into account. This thesis uses geometric morphometric coordinate data to 'metricize' such traits and to evaluate their accuracy of correctly assigning unknown individuals to statistically defined groups; A 3-D digitizer was used to collect data from 39 craniofacial landmarks to capture the form of several phenotypic facial characteristics. The sample consisted of individuals from four different geographic …

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Consideration Of Race/Ethnicity In Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies, Marilyn J Strada Jan 2004

Consideration Of Race/Ethnicity In Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies, Marilyn J Strada

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Substance use among youth continues to be a major concern in the United States. Several treatments have been developed for youth, but their external validity racially/ethnically diverse populations have not been evaluated for use in ethnic populations. The purpose of this paper was to examine the extent to which adolescent substance use treatment outcome studies have considered race/ethnicity-related factors in the design, implementation, and evaluation of treatments to determine degree of generalizability in racially/ethnically diverse populations. The findings underscored (1) discrepancies between treatment needs of racially/ethnically diverse youth and substances targeted in treatment, (2) the urgent need to focus on …

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Culture Clash: Making The Case For A New Paradigm In Police Cultural Training, Hal S Edwards Jan 2004

Culture Clash: Making The Case For A New Paradigm In Police Cultural Training, Hal S Edwards

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Hiring standards in most police agencies result in most officer candidates having little, if any, meaningful exposure to the "oppositional" culture of the urban, minority poor. Given the current popularity of the Community Oriented Policing paradigm---with its emphasis on positive police/community relations---current police hiring and training practices handicap police agencies in their efforts to gain the trust of urban, minority communities. A content analysis of United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division investigations under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14141) was found to support the hypothesis that the interface between the police …

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New Jersey's Assembly Bill 2566 Finally Attempted To Regulate Bounty Hunters, Lori J. Zeglarski Jan 2004

New Jersey's Assembly Bill 2566 Finally Attempted To Regulate Bounty Hunters, Lori J. Zeglarski

Seton Hall Journal of Legislation and Public Policy

No abstract provided.

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The Tenth Texas Silver-Haired Legislature Legislative Report, Texas Silver Haired Legislature Foundation Jan 2004

The Tenth Texas Silver-Haired Legislature Legislative Report, Texas Silver Haired Legislature Foundation

Texas Silver-Haired Legislature

The tenth Texas Silver-Haired Legislature legislative report from 2004.

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Higher Education And Field Training Program Performance: Is There A Relationship?, Gary Sallenbach Jan 2004

Higher Education And Field Training Program Performance: Is There A Relationship?, Gary Sallenbach

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

This study explores the relationship between college education and field training performance of police officers in a field training program. The field training files of 90 police officers hired by the Palm Beach Police Department between 1986 and 2001 were examined. Scores were averaged over a 3 day period at the midpoint and conclusion of the program. Although mean scores indicated that persons with four year college degrees scored slightly better than those with high school or two year degrees in four out of five behavioral categories (when controlling for previous police and military experience), statistical significance could not be …

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Justice Still Fails: A Review Of Recent Efforts To Compensate Individuals Who Have Been Unjustly Convicted And Later Exonerated, Adele Bernhard Jan 2004

Justice Still Fails: A Review Of Recent Efforts To Compensate Individuals Who Have Been Unjustly Convicted And Later Exonerated, Adele Bernhard

Articles & Chapters

With this Article, I hope to motivate state legislators to enact responsible, practical compensation statutes and encourage courts to entertain state law and civil rights claims brought by those who have been unjustly convicted and later exonerated. I begin by looking at the reasons for enacting compensation statutes: uniformity, practicality, popular support, and fairness. Next, I dissect the arguments raised by opponents. Finally, I turn to recent judicial decisions hinting that courts may be stepping in where legislatures fear to tread.

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Japan's New Civil Procedure Code: Has It Fostered A Rule Of Law Dispute Resolution Mechanism?, Carl F. Goodman Jan 2004

Japan's New Civil Procedure Code: Has It Fostered A Rule Of Law Dispute Resolution Mechanism?, Carl F. Goodman

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

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Domestic Violence In Pakistan: The Tension Between Intervention & Sovereign Autonomy In Human Rights Law, Manar Waheed Jan 2004

Domestic Violence In Pakistan: The Tension Between Intervention & Sovereign Autonomy In Human Rights Law, Manar Waheed

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

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Literal And Purposive Techniques Of Legislative Interpretation: Some European Community And English Common Law Perspective, Ian Mcleod Jan 2004

Literal And Purposive Techniques Of Legislative Interpretation: Some European Community And English Common Law Perspective, Ian Mcleod

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

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Continued Violations Of International Law By The United States In Applying The Death Penalty To Minors And Possible Repercussions To The American Criminal Justice System, Jennifer L. Brillante Jan 2004

Continued Violations Of International Law By The United States In Applying The Death Penalty To Minors And Possible Repercussions To The American Criminal Justice System, Jennifer L. Brillante

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

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Beyond Blakely, Nancy J. King, Susan Riva Klein Jan 2004

Beyond Blakely, Nancy J. King, Susan Riva Klein

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Federal criminal sentencing in the wake of Blakely v. Washington is, to put it charitably, a mess. In holding that Blakely's sentence under the Washington State Sentencing Guidelines was imposed in a manner inconsistent with the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial, the decision threatens the operation of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and the presumptive sentencing systems in fourteen states. In Parts I and II of this article, we address how Blakely has affected the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, and how assistant U.S. attorneys, federal public defenders, and district and appellate court judges might proceed in a post-Blakely world. In …

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Ay 2003/2004 Awards List, Elizabeth Bird Jan 2004

Ay 2003/2004 Awards List, Elizabeth Bird

Faculty Senate Archives

No abstract provided.

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Predators Or Prey: Mandatory Listing Of Non-Predatory Offenders On Predatory Offender Registries, Marissa Ceglian Jan 2004

Predators Or Prey: Mandatory Listing Of Non-Predatory Offenders On Predatory Offender Registries, Marissa Ceglian

Journal of Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

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Protect Downward Departures: Congress And The Executive's Intrusion Into Judicial Independence, Skye Phillips Jan 2004

Protect Downward Departures: Congress And The Executive's Intrusion Into Judicial Independence, Skye Phillips

Journal of Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

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Weighing And Implementing The Right To Counsel, Stephen Ellmann Jan 2004

Weighing And Implementing The Right To Counsel, Stephen Ellmann

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

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The Impact Of A Garden Program On The Physical Environment And Social Climate Of A Prison Yard At San Quentin State Prison, Kathryn E. Waitkus Jan 2004

The Impact Of A Garden Program On The Physical Environment And Social Climate Of A Prison Yard At San Quentin State Prison, Kathryn E. Waitkus

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the fact that the physical environments and social climates of prisons have been found to be physically and mentally stressful to inmates, more than 70% of those within the California prison system return to prison within three years after being paroled. As part of an effort to reduce these high recidivism rates, a rehabilitative gardening program was started at San Quentin State Prison. The intent of this project was to determine the impact of a garden project on the physical environment and social climate of a prison yard, from both inmate and staff perspectives. Research was primarily qualitative, consisting …

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Apology And Thick Trust: What Spouse Abusers And Negligent Doctors Might Have In Common, Erin O'Connor Jan 2004

Apology And Thick Trust: What Spouse Abusers And Negligent Doctors Might Have In Common, Erin O'Connor

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

As apology advocates have previously emphasized, much of the civil litigation that clogs court dockets in America today could be avoided with a simple heartfelt apology. Although sometimes difficult to offer, these expressions of remorse are profoundly powerful and valuable for humans as social animals. Nevertheless, apologies can be problematic. This Article used evolutionary theory as a tool to explore the costs of apology in two areas-spouse abuse and medical malpractice-to suggest that excessive victim forgiveness can, in some contexts, cast doubt on the effectiveness of a purely private litigation system for creating appropriate behavioral incentives. It also explored ways …

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How Different Is Death? Jury Sentencing In Capital And Non-Capital Cases Compared, Nancy J. King Jan 2004

How Different Is Death? Jury Sentencing In Capital And Non-Capital Cases Compared, Nancy J. King

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Drawing upon a recent study of felony jury sentencing in Kentucky, Virginia, and Arkansas, this essay highlights some of the similarities and differences between jury sentencing in capital cases and jury sentencing in non-capital cases. Unlike jury sentencing in capital cases, jury sentencing in non-capital cases includes functional differentials in judge and jury options for sentencing, and fewer controls on arbitrary decision-making. Jury sentencing in both contexts shares the potential for reluctance on the part of elected judges to reduce jury sentences, information gaps on the part of jurors in setting sentences, and, above all, service as a tool in …

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Felony Jury Sentencing In Practice: A Three-State Study, Nancy J. King, Rosevelt L. Noble Jan 2004

Felony Jury Sentencing In Practice: A Three-State Study, Nancy J. King, Rosevelt L. Noble

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Jury sentencing in non-capital cases is one of the least understood procedures in contemporary American criminal justice. This Article looks beyond idealized visions of jury sentencing to examine for the first time how felony jury sentencing actually operates in three different states - Kentucky, Virginia, and Arkansas. Dozens of interviews with prosecutors, defenders, and judges, as well as an analysis of state sentencing data, reveal that this neglected corner of state criminal justice provides a unique window through which one can observe some of the most fundamental forces operating in criminal adjudication today. It turns out that jury sentencing in …

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Factors Associated With Retention Rates In Career And Technical Educat, Jo Ann Whiteman Jan 2004

Factors Associated With Retention Rates In Career And Technical Educat, Jo Ann Whiteman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There is a recognized state and national shortage of Career and Technical (CTE) teachers; in certain school districts or by subject area, it is defined as a "Critical Shortage". At the same time, both statewide and nationally, the number of teacher preparation programs for Career and Technical Education (CTE) teachers has decreased. To alleviate the shortage and increase access many Career and Technical Education (CTE) teacher preparation programs use the web. This study examined retention rates in courses from Fall 1997 through Fall 2003 within web-based courses in a CTE teacher preparation program at the University of Central Florida to …

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Aggression In Lesbian And Bisexual Relationships, Jennifer Rae Parham Jan 2004

Aggression In Lesbian And Bisexual Relationships, Jennifer Rae Parham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For years, researchers, clinicians, and those working with victims/survivors of domestic abuse have overlooked the issue of same-sex partner aggression among lesbians and bisexual women. Through in-depth interviews with 19 women who identify themselves as either lesbian or bisexual, information was documented in this study demonstrating the severity of issues of power and control among some same-sex partners, as well as some if the dynamics that are unique to same-sex abusive relationships. Patterns of abuse within same-sex relationships often mirror those that are so commonly associated with partner aggression among heterosexual couples, and therefore demonstrate not only the need for …

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An Analysis Of Mentorship In Michigan Police Agencies, Jeffrey G. Swanson Jan 2004

An Analysis Of Mentorship In Michigan Police Agencies, Jeffrey G. Swanson

Masters Theses

The purpose of this research is to investigate how newer police officers are familiarized into their agency with respect to the manner in which they were trained and mentored. The concept of mentoring programs has been highly successful in the private and business sectors for many years. Since the concept of formal mentoring programs in law enforcement is largely limited to date, this study incorporates research in several other disciplines, to determine if there may be a corollary regarding law enforcement and other disciplines, and if so, to what degree mentoring exists among patrol officers. A survey was distributed to …

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Tribal Courts And Federal Sentencing, Kevin Washburn Jan 2004

Tribal Courts And Federal Sentencing, Kevin Washburn

Faculty Scholarship

In light of the overwhelming acceptance of the norm of tribal self-governance in federal Indian policy, the Commission's decision not to credit the legitimate work of tribal courts in adjudicating misdemeanor sentences is surprising. This article critically evaluates this peculiar and unexplained policy. Part I describes the current federal policy toward tribal governments with particular emphasis on tribal courts and explains the role of tribal courts in the unique federal criminal justice regime that governs Indian country. Part II describes the Federal Sentencing Guidelines with particular attention to the provisions on criminal history. Part II also evaluates the Commission's current …

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Building On Bedrock: The Continued Evolution Of Jury Reform, G. Thomas Munsterman, Paula L. Hannaford-Agor Jan 2004

Building On Bedrock: The Continued Evolution Of Jury Reform, G. Thomas Munsterman, Paula L. Hannaford-Agor

Faculty Publications

Abundantly clear is that, far from being an enclave from the pressures and concerns of contemporary society, jury service readily absorbs and reflects those concerns in ways that can both support and challenge the American jus­tice system. Some of these concerns cut across many stages of jury service, and their effects are felt in unexpected ways. To sift through and identify the most noteworthy jury improvement efforts and concerns in the last seven years, we turned to technology (coincidently one of the hottest topics in jury service) and examined the topics that subscribers to Jur-E Bulletin, the National Center …

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Justice Defiled: Perverts, Potheads, Serial Killers And Lawyers, Michael Spratt, Emilie Taman Jan 2004

Justice Defiled: Perverts, Potheads, Serial Killers And Lawyers, Michael Spratt, Emilie Taman

Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies

Book review of Justice Defiled: Perverts, Potheads, Serial Killers and Lawyers written by Alan Young and published by Key Porter Books Ltd (Toronto), 2003. (337 pp.)

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